IEA A43 PR2 A16 Reference Cooling Tower EES Model CASJL PhAJL080108

File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.
EES
8/01/2008 12:00:31 Page 1
EES Ver. 7.966: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege
Cooling tower
twb,su
twb,ex
Conceptual scheme
Output variables:
Input variables:
Fictitious Fluid
AUf
tw,su,ct = 35 [C]
Water
tw,ex
tw,ex,ct = 28.92 [C]
Simulation model
Qct = 331163 [W]
ta,su,ct = 25.13 [C]

tw,su
WFAN,ct = 4383 [W]
RHsu,ct = 0.5 [-]

Patm = 101325 [Pa]
range = 6.084 [K]
Calculate
approach = 10.92 [K]
Mw,ct = 13 [kg/s]
Mw,ct,consumed = 0.1259 [kg/s]
-1
rpmFAN,ct = 2000 [min ]

Parameters:
Cw,ct = 0.5 [m/s]
Mw,n,ct = 12 [kg/s]
pn,ct = 400 [Pa]
AUdry,n,ct = 10000 [W/K]
Ma,n,ct = 8.5 [kg/s]
mct = 0.1 [-]
FAN,ct = 0.65 [-]
nct = 0.6 [-]

-1
rpmFAN,n,ct = 2000 [min ]
ct = 0.95 [-]
DIRECT CONTACT COOLING TOWER MODEL

The cooling tower model is based on the same theory as used for the wet cooling coil.
The influence of the water flow rate on the air side pressure drop is taken into account.
The tower over-pressure supply is supposed to depend from the fan speed only.
The influences of air and water flow rates on the heat transfer coefficient are also taken into account.
The cooling tower is characterized by its heat transfer coefficient, air side pressure drop, water fall speed and fan efficiency in
nominal conditions.
The 6 outputs, 6 inputs and 10 parameters are given in the control panel.
Outputs:
Water temperature at tower exhaust: tw,ex,ct
Range and approach:
Cooling and electrical powers: Qct, Wfan,ct
Water consumption: Mw,consumed,ct
Inputs:
Water and air supply conditions: Mw,su,ct, tw,su,ct, ta,su,ct, RHsu,ct, patm
Fan speed: rpmfan,ct
Parameters:
AUdry,n,ct=10000 [W/K]
Cw,ct=0.5 [m/s]
DELTApn,ct=400 [Pa]
etact=0.95 [-]
etaFAN,ct=0.65 [-]
mct=0.1 [-]
Ma,n,ct=8.5 [kg/s]
File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.EES

8/01/2008 12:00:31 Page 2
Mw,n,ct=12 [kg/s]
nct=0.6 [-]
rpmFAN,n,ct=2000 [min-1]
Simulation:
Air side energy balance:
Q ct
= M a,ct
h a,ex,ct h a,su,ct
with
h a,su,ct = h 'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , P =P atm , R =RH su,ct
or
Q ct
= C af,ct
t wb,ex,ct t wb,su,ct
with reference to a fictitious capacity flow rate:

C af,ct
= M a,ct c p,af,ct
and with:
t wb,ex,ct
= t a,ex,ct
t a,ex,ct = T 'AirH2O' , h =h a,ex,ct , P =P atm , R =1

(assuming that the air is saturated at cooling tower exhaust)
t wb,su,ct
= WB 'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , P =P atm , R =RH su,ct
Water side energy balance:

Q ct
= C w,ct
t w,su,ct t w,ex,ct
with reference to the water capacity flow rate:

C w,ct = M w,ct c w
cw
= 4187
Definition of heat exchanger effectiveness:

Q ct
= f,ct C min,f,ct
t w,su,ct t wb,su,ct
with
C min,f,ct
= Min C w,ct , C af,ct
and, in the case of a counter flow arrangement,

f,ct
1 exp NTU f,ct
1 f,ct
1 f,ct exp NTU f,ct
1 f,ct

8/01/2008 12:00:31 Page 3
with
NTU f,ct =
f,ct
C max,f,ct
AU f,ct
C min,f,ct
C min,f,ct
C max,f,ct
= Max C w,ct , C af,ct
According to the Merckel's theory,

the fictitious 'wet' heat transfer coefficient
can be related to its 'dry' value as follows:
AU f,ct = AU dry,ct
c p,af,ct
c p,a,ct
with
c p,a,ct = Cp 'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , P =P atm , R =RH su,ct
Reference variables used by practitioners :

approach = t w,ex,ct t wb,su,ct
range = t w,su,ct t w,ex,ct
Combined influences of both water and air flow rates
on the global heat transfer coefficient:
AU dry,ct
= AU dry,n,ct
M w,ct
M w,n,ct
m ct
M a,ct
n ct
M a,n,ct
Air side pressure drop:
p ct
C a,ct
2 v a,ct
v a,ct = v 'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , P =P atm , R =RH su,ct

Air side free area:
C a,ct = M a,ct
v a,ct
A a,ct
This area is supposed to be a part of the total area,

the other part being occupied by water:
A a,ct = A a,0,ct A w,ct

Water side free area:
A w,ct = M w,ct
vw
C w,ct

8/01/2008 12:00:31 Page 4
vw
= 0.001
(The supposed-to-be constant water falling speed Cw,ct

is a parameter of the cooling tower model)
Nominal conditions:
p n,ct
C a,n,ct 2
2 v a,n,ct
v a,n,ct
C a,n,ct = M a,n,ct
A a,n,ct
v a,n,ct = 0.83 [m 3/kg]

A a,n,ct = A a,0,ct A w,n,ct
vw
A w,n,ct = M w,n,ct
C w,ct
Fan characteristic:
p ct
= p n,ct
rpm FAN,ct
rpm FAN,n,ct
(the head of a centrifugal fan with forward oriented blades is almost independant of the air flow rate)
Fan power:
W FAN,ct
= V a,ct
p ct
FAN,ct
V a,ct = M a,ct v a,ct

Water consumption:
M w,ct,consumed
= M a,ct
W ex,ct W su,ct
ct
W ex,ct
'AirH2O' , T =t a,ex,ct , R =1 , P =P atm
W su,ct
'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , R =RH su,ct , P =P atm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Default values taken in ASHRAE primary toolkit:

Air flowrate:
Ma,n,ct,default = act * Qn,ct + bct
with centrifugal fan:
a ct
= 0.0275
b ct = 2.6

8/01/2008 12:00:31 Page 5
with axial fan:

act = 26.5E-3
bct = 11.7
Water flowrate:
Mw,n,ct,default = 42.7E-3 * Qn,ct
Heat transfer coefficient:
AUdry,n,ct,default = cct * Qn,ct + dct
with centrifugal fan:
c ct
= 0.07
d ct = 61000
with axial fan:
cct = 67.7E-3
dct = -10.6E3
--------------------------------------------------------Example of solution:
Variables in Main
approach=10.92 [K]
AUdry,ct=9935 [W/K]
AUdry,n,ct=10000 [W/K]
AUf,ct=38008 [W/K]
Aa,0,ct=0.2978 [m2]
Aa,ct=0.2718 [m2]
Aa,n,ct=0.2738 [m2]
act=0.0275 [kg/J]
Aw,ct=0.026 [m2]
Aw,n,ct=0.024 [m2]
bct=2.6 [kg/s]
Ca,ct=26.21 [m/s]
Ca,n,ct=25.77 [m/s]
cct=0.07 [K1]
Caf,ct=32542 [W/K]
Cmax,f,ct=54431 [W/K]
Cmin,f,ct=32542 [W/K]
Cw,ct=54431 [W/K]
cp,af,ct=3922 [J/(kg*K)]
cp,a,ct=1025 [J/kg-K]
cw =4187 [J/(kg*K)]
Cw,ct=0.5 [m/s]
DELTApct=400 [Pa]
DELTApn,ct=400 [Pa]
dct=-61000 [W/K]
epsilonf,ct=0.5985 [-]
etact=0.95 [-]
etaFAN,ct=0.65 [-]
ha,ex,ct=90581 [J/kg]
ha,su,ct=50666 [J/kg]

8/01/2008 12:00:31 Page 6
m ct=0.1 [-]
Ma,ct=8.297 [kg/s]
Ma,n,ct=8.5 [kg/s]
Mw,ct=13 [kg/s]
Mw,ct,consumed=0.1259 [kg/s]
Mw,n,ct=12 [kg/s]
NTUf,ct=1.168 [-]
nct=0.6 [-]
omegaf,ct=0.5979 [-]
Patm=101325 [Pa]
Qct=331163 [W]
range=6.084 [K]
RHsu,ct=0.5 [-]
rpmFAN,ct=2000 [min-1]
rpmFAN,n,ct=2000 [min-1]
ta,ex,ct=28.17 [C]
ta,su,ct=25.13 [C]
twb,ex,ct=28.17 [C]
twb,su,ct=18 [C]
tw,ex,ct=28.92 [C]
tw,su,ct=35 [C]
va,ct=0.8585 [m3/kg]
va,n,ct=0.83 [m3/kg]
Va,ct=7.123 [m3/s]
vw =0.001 [m3/kg]
WFAN,ct=4383 [W]
Wex,ct=0.02437 [-]
Wsu,ct=0.009959 [-]

IEA A43 PR2 A16 Reference Cooling Tower EES Model CASJL PhAJL080108

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File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.

tw,ex,ct = 28.92 [C]

Qct = 331163 [W]

ta,su,ct = 25.13 [C]

WFAN,ct = 4383 [W]

RHsu,ct = 0.5 [-]

range = 6.084 [K]

approach = 10.92 [K]

Mw,ct,consumed = 0.1259 [kg/s]

rpmFAN,ct = 2000 [min ]

pn,ct = 400 [Pa]

AUdry,n,ct = 10000 [W/K]

Ma,n,ct = 8.5 [kg/s]

mct = 0.1 [-]

FAN,ct = 0.65 [-]

nct = 0.6 [-]

rpmFAN,n,ct = 2000 [min ]

DIRECT CONTACT COOLING TOWER MODEL

File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.EES

with reference to a fictitious capacity flow rate:

t a,ex,ct = T 'AirH2O' , h =h a,ex,ct , P =P atm , R =1

= WB 'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , P =P atm , R =RH su,ct

Water side energy balance:

with reference to the water capacity flow rate:

Definition of heat exchanger effectiveness:

= Min C w,ct , C af,ct

and, in the case of a counter flow arrangement,

1 exp NTU f,ct

1 f,ct exp NTU f,ct

File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.EES

According to the Merckel's theory,

Reference variables used by practitioners :

Air side pressure drop:

v a,ct = v 'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , P =P atm , R =RH su,ct

This area is supposed to be a part of the total area,

A a,ct = A a,0,ct A w,ct

File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.EES

(The supposed-to-be constant water falling speed Cw,ct

v a,n,ct = 0.83 [m 3/kg]

V a,ct = M a,ct v a,ct

'AirH2O' , T =t a,ex,ct , R =1 , P =P atm

'AirH2O' , T =t a,su,ct , R =RH su,ct , P =P atm

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Default values taken in ASHRAE primary toolkit:

File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.EES

with axial fan:

File:Reference cooling tower model CASJL080104.EES

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