20/03/2014

Lngua Inglesa V
Profa. Ma. Glauce Soares Casimiro

Tema 1 - People and Places

Simple Past Tense:
Expressa uma ao que aconteceu em um
tempo definido no passado.
Formas:
Aff.: I went to school yesterday morning.
Neg.: I didnt go to school yesterday morning.
Int.: Did you go to school yesterday morning?

The Simple past expresses an action in the past

taking place once, never, several times. It can also
be used for actions taking place one after another
or in the middle of another action.
Affirmative: I spoke.
Negative: I did not speak.
Interrogative: Did I speak?
For irregular verbs, use the past form. For regular
verbs, just add ed.

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Action in the past taking place once, never

or several times: He visited his parents
every weekend.
Actions in the past taking place one after
the other: He came in, took off his coat and
sat down.
Action in the past taking place in the middle
of another action: When I was having
breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

O Presente Perfeito usado para expressar:

a) Aes que comearam no passado e
continuam at o presente.
I have lived here since 2009.
She has studied English for three years.
We have gone shopping by ourselves since
2010.

b) Aes que aconteceram num tempo

indefinido no passado. (Se for mencionado ou
sugerido o tempo exato em que a ao
ocorreu, usa-se o passado simples.)
I have studied English (tempo indefinido)
I studied English yesterday. (tempo exato)
c) Aes que aconteceram vrias vezes no
passado.
We have seen that film many times.
He has listen to that music several times.

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d) Aes que acabaram de acontecer.

The plane has just landed.
The students have just asked their teacher a
question.
e) Unfinished time.
I have visited my friends this week and I
have gone to the supermarket this month.

Examples in Present Perfect:

a) Paul has written his name in my book.
b) I have visited Miami many times.
c) She has lived here all her life.
d) They havent read that story several times.

O Present Perfect Continuous usado,

basicamente, para enfatizar a continuidade de
uma ao que comeou no passado e que se
prolonga at o presente.
A forma afirmativa do Present Perfect
Continuous feita com o Presente Simples do
verbo to have (have / has) + Presente
Perfeito do verbo to be + o gerndio do
verbo principal: She has been working as a
Mathematics teacher for 10 years.

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I've been playing tennis for one hour.

Women have been fighting for their rights
during the last decades.
You have been talking on the phone since I
got home.
They have been studying for three hours.

Carol has been going to school by bus since

her father's car broke.
They have been studying hard.
My parents' ve been travelling around
Europe for four months.
He has been playing guitar for two hours.

Affirmative form: sujeito + presente simples

do verbo to have + presente perfeito do

verbo to be + gerndio do verbo principal

SO + ADJECTIVE + THAT
He was so tired that he fell asleep in a
minute.
The picture was so beautiful that i could not
look away.
Jean was so tired after the party that she
decided to lie down and rest instead of
cleaning up.

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Continuando

A) Gerunds:
We use verbs conjugated in the Gerund
(verb + ing) with structures that form verb
tenses such as the Continuous Tenses that
comprehend The Present Continuous, The

Past Continuous, The Future Continuous, the

Present Perfect Continuous that you studied
in the previous theme.

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In the Continuous Tenses, this way:

Verb to be conjugated in the present, past,
future, present perfect, etc + gerund form of
the principal verb.
Form:
Present Continuous: am/is/are+verb(ing).
Past Continuous: was/were+verb(ing).
Future Continuous: will be+verb(ing).
Present
Perfect
Continuous:
have/has
been+verb(ing).

Examples:
Jane is watching TV in her couch with her
pet dog now. (Present continuous)
Pam was watching TV when she fell asleep
yesterday. (Past Continuous)
By this time next month I will be cruising in
the Mediterranean.

They have been building that bridge for two

years now and they have no idea when the
work will be completed. (Present perfect
Continuous)
As you can see the principal verb is
conjugated in the gerund form, and the time
is expressed with the auxiliary verb to be
conjugated accordingly in the cases shown.

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B) Gerunds as Subjects:
Another use of the Gerund form of the verbs
is in the beginning of the sentences, when
they are used as Subjects of the clause. In
Portuguese language, they correspond to the
infinitive form.
Examples:
To practice physical activity is important to
stay fit. (To practice=infinitive)

Practicing physical activity is important to

stay fit. (Practicing=gerund form)
To read is my favorite past time. (To
read=infinitive)
Reading is my favorite
(Reading=gerund form)

past

time

Both sentences have the same meaning.

C) Gerunds after prepositions

Prepositions are parts of speech that appear in
several situations in English language. They
are used do designate places, time, conditions,
states, positions, etc.
Examples:
We study at Anhanguera.
They work in a hospital.

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The bird flew out of the cage.

There is a Ticiano on the wall that is worth a
fortune!
She is in no position to complain. After all,
she has everything she needs.

They are also used to form expressions and

phrasal verbs. In English structures, it is a rule
of thumb that whenever a verb follows a
preposition it must be conjugated in the
Gerund, like the examples you will see now.
Examples:
I am looking forward to seeing you next
week!
She said she will look into checking the list
as soon as possible.

Prepositions also follow adjectives:

Examples:
Mary is accustomed to cleaning the house
herself.
Paul is afraid of flying.
The students are thinking of getting
Professor Miller a gift.
So, use the gerund form after any preposition,
no matter the time or the tense of the clause!

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D) Modal Verbs of Possibility

(may, might, could)
As you have seen in other themes, Modal
verbs are special verbs in English. They have a
meaning and they are also used as auxiliary
verbs.
Structure:
May/Might/Could+verb in the bare infinitive
(without the infinitive particle to)

She may go now. She does not need to stay

any longer.
I might stay, if you try to convince me.
We could see that she comes for the party.
The Modal Verbs may, might and could
are used to express possibility in English
language. They all refer to a possibility to take
place from the present moment to the future
and that situations are not certain, but
possible.

Examples:
It may rain today for it is really hot!
We might find very amazing adventures in
books and documentaries.
We could try that new Thai restaurant
downtown! Word of mouth is it is just
exquisite!

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Vamos Praticar

1) Complete the sentences with since or for:

a) I've studied guitar ______ 7 years.
b) We've practiced basketball ______ we were
children.
c) We have known each other ______ a long
time.
d) They have tried to buy this house ______
years.
e) Rodrigo has lived in Montreal ______ 1998.

2) Use the words given to make up sentences

accordingly:

E.g.: I / buy /
bought new house.

a new house = I have

a) Paul and Meg / go / to Mexico.

b) The Simons / move / from Minneapolis to
Orlando.
c) The Red Sox / win / many games in a row.
d) The baseball teams /not / play / all week
long.

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3) Now do the same to practice the Present

Perfect Continuous form:

E.g.: I / think / of buying a new car.

I have been thinking of buying a new car.

a) The Mets / play poorly / recently

b) Martha / practice yoga intensely for the
competition.
c) The kids / play in the yard all morning.
d) My husband and I / work like dogs for the
past few days.

4) Complete the sentences with a verb in

Present Perfect Tense:
Invite forget see take buy read
a) Gabriel has read this magazine.
b) I __________ some new shoes. Do you want to
see them?
c) I cant find my sweater. Somebody __________
it.
d) Im looking for Bruno. __________ him?
e) Livia is having a party tonight. She __________
a lot of people.
f) Im sorry. I__________ your name.

5) Supply the Simple Past, the Simple Present

or the Present Perfect Tense.
a) He always_________(give) me beautiful
presents.
b) John _______(come) to the party alone last
night.
c) He ____________(keep) her photo in his
drawer.
d) We _______(bring) many sadwiches for our
picnic.
e) They ____(build) many new buildings by the
lake.

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6) Answer the questions using may or

might:
a)Where are you going for your holidays?
I havent decided yet. I ______________ .
b) What kind of car do you intend do buy?
Im not sure yet. I __________________.
c) What are you doing this weekend?
I dont know yet. ___________________.
d) When is your friend coming to visit you?
My friend hasnt told me yet. _________.

Finalizando

Present Perfect Tense:

Already: j (nas frases afirmativas).
I have already been to Chile.
Ever: alguma vez na vida.
Have you ever gone hiking in the mountains?
Just: indica que a ao acabou de ocorrer.
He has just done the dishes.
Never: nunca.
I have never seen you dressed like this.

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Yet:
1. j (quando se espera que a resposta seja
afirmativa)
Have you cleaned your room yet?
2. ainda (em frases negativas)
No, I havent cleaned my room yet.
Since: desde.
I have been a teacher since 1992.
For: h, por, faz.
I havent seen him for a long time.

Present Perfect x Simple Past

A diferena mais marcante entre os dois
tempos que o Simple Past refere-se a uma
ao que aconteceu em um tempo
determinado no passado (yesterday, 1 hour
ago, last year, etc.), enquanto o Present
Perfect refere-se a uma ao que j
aconteceu, mas o fato de ela acontecido
importa mais do que o quando ela aconteceu.

Por exemplo, se a inteno contar para

seu amigo que voc finalmente assistiu ao
filme que ele indicou, voc diz:
- I have seen Avatar.
Mas se ele quiser saber quando voc
assistiu, voc diz:
- I saw Avatar last night.

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O simple past usado ao se referir a

situaes que j aconteceram e que no tem
nenhum tipo de vnculo com o presente.
importante que se diga quando a situao
ocorreu.
- I climbed a mountain last year.
- She painted that picture an hour ago.

O Present perfect usado quando no

existe possibilidade de definir o ocorrido no
passado. usado para contar algo que serviu
como experincia de vida ou que h vnculos
com o presente. Ex.:

- I have climbed a mountain.

Examples:
I have worked as teacher in the past.
[Present Perfect]
I worked as a teacher in 1995. [Past
Simple]
I have studied English already. [Present
Perfect: foco na ao, no fato]
I studied English from 1995 to 1999. [Past
Simple: foco em quando aconteceu]

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Lets Read!
Hey Paulo, have you ever studied English?
Yes, Mrcia. Ive studied English in the
past. [Present Perfect - foco na ao, no
fato]
Cool! And when was that?
Oh, I studied English a long time ago, back
in 1995. [Past Simple: foco em quando
aconteceu]

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