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    CNIS Tech Interview Answers

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    hola amigo
    This document provides explanations of key concepts for a CNIS/administration professional interview: 1. It defines MTU as the largest PDU size, and explains that some protocols allow editing the MTU while others do not. 2. It explains that a VPN is a logical network created between devices, commonly used for remote access to a business network. 3. It defines a VLAN as a virtual local area network that allows devices on different physical switches to communicate as if on the same network, similar to subnets. 4. It provides high-level summaries of 13 important networking terms and concepts to know for the interview.

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    CNIS Tech Interview Answers

    Uploaded by

    hola amigo
    211 views3 pages
    This document provides explanations of key concepts for a CNIS/administration professional interview: 1. It defines MTU as the largest PDU size, and explains that some protocols allow editing the MTU while others do not. 2. It explains that a VPN is a logical network created between devices, commonly used for remote access to a business network. 3. It defines a VLAN as a virtual local area network that allows devices on different physical switches to communicate as if on the same network, similar to subnets. 4. It provides high-level summaries of 13 important networking terms and concepts to know for the interview.

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    This document provides explanations of key concepts for a CNIS/administration professional interview: 1. It defines MTU as the largest PDU size, and explains that some protocols allow editing the MTU while others do not. 2. It explains that a VPN is a logical network created between devices, commonly used for remote access to a business network. 3. It defines a VLAN as a virtual local area network that allows devices on different physical switches to communicate as if on the same network, similar to subnets. 4. It provides high-level summaries of 13 important networking terms and concepts to know for the interview.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    211 views3 pages

    CNIS Tech Interview Answers

    Uploaded by

    hola amigo
    This document provides explanations of key concepts for a CNIS/administration professional interview: 1. It defines MTU as the largest PDU size, and explains that some protocols allow editing the MTU while others do not. 2. It explains that a VPN is a logical network created between devices, commonly used for remote access to a business network. 3. It defines a VLAN as a virtual local area network that allows devices on different physical switches to communicate as if on the same network, similar to subnets. 4. It provides high-level summaries of 13 important networking terms and concepts to know for the interview.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    13 Things To Know For a CNIS/Administration Professional Interview.

    1. What is MTU?
    MTU stands for maximum transmission unit. This is the largest PDU
    (protocol data unit) that the layer can pass on. There are certain standards
    within a protocol which make it so that the MTU can be manipulated. Not all
    protocols however allow the MTU to be edited.
    2.

    What is a VPN?
    Virtual private networks are logical networks created between pieces
    of equipment. The most common instance of this is when a user is at home
    and needs to connect to their business network in order to access the
    business resources.

    3.

    What is a VLAN?
    VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. Local area networks are
    typically housed on 1 switch. This allows a group of hosts to think that they
    are on the same broadcast domain even though they may or may not be in
    the same physical area. SO devices can be connected through different
    physical switches but be tricked into thinking that they are connected to one.
    It is a similar concept as subnets.

    4. What is a metric?
    A metric is a unit of measurement which helps a router determine the
    best path possible for data. There are multiple metrics which can be used and
    combined in order to determine the best path such as measuring link use,
    connection speed, reliability, bandwidth, current load, hops etc
    5. What is ARP/RARP?
    ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. RARP stands for Reverse
    Address Resolution Protocol. ARP uses a request for an IP address and
    translates it to a MAC address. So computer A might say, I want to speak with
    192.168.1.55 and the ARP table will tell it that 192.168.1.55 is at
    FF:23:AB:9A:BC. RARP works the exact opposite. Something may say hi, Im
    FF:23:AB:9A:BC I need an IP, they will then have an IP assigned to them.
    6. What is a default route?
    A default route is the network route which a router uses when it
    doesnt know the route for a IP packet's destination address.
    7. What is a MAC address?
    MAC stands for Media Access Control. This is a unique identifier which
    is assigned to network interfaces. Whether they are wired or wireless each
    has its own MAC. This pertains to phones, computers, laptops, TVs etc. They
    are formed by regulations made by the IEEE.
    8. What is a broadcast storm?
    A broadcast storm is essentially like a fork bomb on switches. A node
    will ask switch C what the address for node A is. If switch C doesnt know it
    will ask another node, that node then asks another. Each of those nodes re-

    broadcast the message from all of the previous nodes, therefore sending
    simultaneous responses and requests to the previous nodes which then in
    turn broadcast out their answer or question. This ends up causing a large
    amount of congestion on the network.
    9. What is the purpose of VRRP?
    Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) was designed to increase
    the availability of the default Gateway. This will allow it to provide service to
    hosts on the same subnet. This increased reliability is achieved through the
    process of advertising a virtual router which the nodes can utilize. This
    requires multiple Routers to pull off. One will act as a master and the other is
    a slave which takes over if the master goes down.
    10.What is a runt, Giant, and collision?
    A runt is a packet which is typically malformed causing it to be too
    small to traverse the network. Ethernet and other protocols, often require
    that packets be a minimum number of bytes in order to move across the
    network.
    A Giant is the exact opposite; it is a packet which is too large to move
    across the network in a certain protocol. These also are caused by faulty
    equipment or mal formed packets. These however can be created by accident
    by a person with malicious intent accidentally setting a setting too high while
    trying to flood a network.
    With regards to all traffic over the network, nodes determine when the
    network is available .Sometimes two nodes in different places try to send
    data at the same time. When this happens the same result will happen as if
    two people are trying to walk into the same house door at the same time.
    BANG! A collision.
    11.Describe a TCP connection sequence.
    3 way handshake is the more common term for this. ACK SYN SYNACK.
    These are Acknowledgement, Synchronization, and Synchronization
    Acknowledgement. So machine one says Hey Id like to communicate with
    you Machine 2 says Ok, this is the message number x you need to get from
    me so that we are communicating on the same level then machine one says
    Ok message number x then they both can communicate with each other.
    12.What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
    TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) offers error correction regarding
    messages it sends. This makes it one of the most popular protocols used on
    the internet and in networking in general.
    UDP (User Datagram Protocol) however, does not offer this error
    checking, yet it is still highly used. Why? You may ask. It is because there are
    things like audio and video which we stream which would get messed up if
    the receiver were to say to the sender that it needed packet xyz re-sent
    because the data wasnt complete.
    13.What is the difference between a hub, switch, and router?
    A Switch learns and directs traffic to the correct users. It does this by
    reading the physical address where the packets are being sent to and sends it

    to the corresponding machine based on its switch table. The switch table is a
    table which consists of a physical address and which switch port the address
    is plugged into.
    Like a switch a hub connects multiple LAN segments and sends traffic
    from one place to another. The difference though is that a hub sends all
    traffic to all of its ports. So even if message xyz is supposed to go to the
    computer on port 1 it will be broadcasted to port 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Or
    however many ports you have.
    Routers connect different segments of networks as opposed to
    different segments of LANs. They also connect different networks to other
    networks. For instance you can have a 177.145.211.0 network connected to a
    177.155.234.0 network. They use the actual IP to determine where to direct
    traffic. What is different about routers though is that they can be secured
    much more dynamically than switches (hubs have virtually no security). For
    instance a router connects a home network to the ISP and performs NAT
    (network address translation) as a security feature.

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