ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753

ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Volume 3, Special Issue 3, March 2014

2014 International Conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICIET14)

On 21st&22ndMarch, Organized by
K.L.N. College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Wireless Health Care Monitoring

K.C. Kavitha, A.Bazila Banu
Post Graduate Student, Department of Information Technology, Velammal

College of Engineering and

Technology, Madurai, India

Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology,
In the past years, there is no health scheme providing
Madurai, India
Abstract This paper deals with design and developed
for remote patient monitoring in healthcare field. The
primary function of this system is to constantly monitor
patients physiological parameters such as pulse rate,
breathing rate, blood pressure rate and patients body
movement, and display the same information to the
doctor. In hospitals, where patients physiological
parameters are needed to be constantly monitored, is
usually done by a doctor or other paramedical staff for
maintaining a record of it. It is a tedious method. In this
proposed system transmitting module continuously reads
patients pulse rate or heart beat rate, breathing rate,
patient body movement and blood pressure rate through a
pulse sensor, airflow sensor, accelerometer and
sphygmomanometer .The sensors are used sense the
information and Microcontroller is used to receive the
data from the sensor. Using a Zigbee transmitter the
retrieval information be send to corresponding receiver
locate at the computer. The Zigbee receiver receives the
data from transmitter and finally displays record to
doctors via web browser. Provide notification message
about the emergency to the physicians through GSM
module. The main aim is to reduce the cost for monitoring
patient health using different types of sensor.
Keywords Accelerometer, Airflow Sensor, Blood
Pressure Sensor, Pulse Sensor, GSM, Zigbee.
I. INTRODUCTION
This paper describes about to build a wireless healthcare
monitoring system using GSM Technology and Zigbee.
Remote monitoring is seen as an effective method of
providing immediate care as it allows for continuous as
well as emergency transmission of patient information to
the doctor or healthcare providers. Remote patient
monitoring will not only redefine hospital care but also
work, home, and recreational activities. These new
technologies enable us to monitor patients on a regular
basis, replacing the need to frequently visit the local
doctor for a recurring illness.
M.R. Thansekhar and N. Balaji (Eds.): ICIET14

the treatment and diagnosis to the large crowd

effectively. Summarization and aggregation of the data is
very difficult and burden. So there may be possible that
output contains some errors or redundancy. Finally then
introduce the ITC (information technology &
communication) in order to reduces the distance and time
gap between the patient and health service provider or
physician. IT technologies such as Wi-Fi, 3G and WSN
provide a way for remote monitoring of the patients.
Healthcare services can improve the living of patient,
physical handicapped, elders, and chronically ill persons.
So without frequently visit to the doctor, anyone can get
proper treatment and improve his/her health conditions.
In recent years, many e-Health systems developed and
they are providing the remote monitoring of the patient.
In the health management system designed a integrated
patient monitoring device with low cost and this way of
technology is mainly used to continuously monitor the
patient health condition, for effectively and accurately
measuring the patient physiological parameter such as
blood pressure, temperature, and pulse rate of the patient,
movement .This system send the health information of
patient to the microcontroller then send to the PC via
Zigbee communicating device. PC stores this data onto
the local database. If there is any emergency, it displays
an alert message on the screen and send a notification
message to the doctor by using GSM technology. This
new system provides the full management of the medical
staff and other medical resources. The doctor, nurses and
administrator can view the patient profile that contains
family history, patient history etc. Based on the different
privileges, the doctor, nurses or other medical staff can
add, delete, and modify the patient profile. The
administrator can update doctors and nurses profile in
central server.
II. MOTIVATION
In past years, at remote rural areas the peoples
die, due to lack of treatments and lack of availability of
health monitoring devices and doctors, most of the
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countries in the world facing this type of
problems. There are numbers of the system which can
provide remote health care services but there have some
limitation such as very costly, lack of patient data security
and highly communicational and computational overhead.
According to the World Health Organization, the
probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age in
male/female (per 1000 population) in India is nearly
250/169. In present years, the chronic diseases and the
civilization diseases are introduced in the world, due to
the changes in the environment. In order to avoid existing
problem, the proposed system introduced integrated
health monitoring devices with low cost and take an
advantages to continuously monitor patient physiological
parameters.
III. PROBLEM DTEFINITION And LIMITATION
Todays healthcare systems in most countries are
struggling with increased number of patients and
increased costs of patient care per patient. This situation is
aggravated by the current trends of unhealthy lifestyle
habits, including stress and physical inactivity, which
increasingly leads to chronic illnesses such as obesity,
diabetes and heart disease, even in younger population.
For such cases, early treatment, including physical
exercise, could prevent negative outcomes as population
ages. Such a treatment would be more likely to succeed if
the healthcare system had access to facilities for
continuous monitoring of the individuals physical fitness
level, because it would allow monitoring compliance and
providing feedback. Such facilities would ideally consist
of simple, inexpensive and readily available equipment.
IV.LITERATURE SURVEY
The health tracker 2000, that can monitors users vital
signs such as heart rate or pulse, blood pressure and
respiration rate could be implemented using pressure
sensors [1]. The integrated patient monitoring combining
with electronic patient records, the main challenges to
increasing robustness of e-health application to a level
at which clinically useful. The disadvantages of electronic
patient record are extremely time consuming and costly to
overcome this problem, using novelty detection task that
allows a direct comparison without integrated, automatics
methods [2]. The aim is to show how radio frequency
identification, multi-agent and internet of things
technologies can be used to improve people access to
quality and affordable healthcare services, to reduce
medical errors, to improve patient safety and to optimize
the healthcare processes. The current widespread
deployment of cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
Personal digital assistants (PDAs) and radio frequency
microcontroller is shown in Figure 2; the heart logo in
pulse sensor makes contact with skin and small LED
shines at backside of pulse sensor. Generally Pulse sensor
can be placed on the fingertip or earlobe of the human
body. The critical data send to the mobile health care unit
using GSM communication. Pulse sensor communicated
with the microcontroller which is arduino Un
M.R. Thansekhar and N. Balaji (Eds.): ICIET14

identification (RFID) technologies penetrate the

healthcare environment [3]. Vital data rates and the
amount of the data accumulation in a variety of smart
health care use cases are discussed. Finally they
developed patch type wearable vital monitoring device
that multiple numbers of vital sensors, a high
performance processor and a dual mode Bluetooth
transceiver are integrated [4]. the microcontroller based
continuous non invasive cuff less blood pressure
measurement system with an alarm circuit for health care
monitoring system. Accuracy of the system is found in
acceptance range by comparing the results with the
existing conventional systems. If the BP reading, heart
rate or body temperature exceeds the standard range for
any patient, the system is able to notify using an alarming
circuit. The whole system is controlled by
microcontroller ATMEGA8L. The overall system is
reliable, accurate, portable, trust worthy, user friendly
and cost effective [5].
V.ARCHITECTURE
In this architecture, four different sensors are used for
monitoring the patient healthcare such as pulse sensor,
Accelerometer sensor, Respiration sensor, Blood pressure
sensor which can directly communicate with
microprocessor is shown in Figure 1. Here Arduino Uno
acts as microprocessor in healthcare monitoring, which is
used to control multiple devices such as communication
devices and sensor devices. RS232 is used for serial
communication which is connected to the devices.

Fig. 1 System Architecture

A. Pulse Sensor
Pulse sensor is used to monitor the regular heart beat of
the patients, which is used to find whether the patients
heart rate is normal or abnormal. The pulse sensor with
three male connector is used to communicate with

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constant current and removes the DC bias level, they
typically produces a zero based output signal up to +/- 5V
depending upon the mV/g rating of the accelerometer.
All OMEGA(R) accelerometers are this low impedance
type.

Fig. 2 Pulse Sensor Connected with Arduino

B. Accelometers
An accelerometer is a device that measures the vibration,
or acceleration of motion of a structure is shown in Figure
3. The force caused by vibration or a change in motion
(acceleration) causes the mass to "squeeze" the
piezoelectric material which produces an electrical charge
that is proportional to the force exerted upon it. Since the
charge is proportional to the force, and the mass is a
constant, then the charge is also proportional to the
acceleration. There are two types of piezoelectric
accelerometers (vibration sensors). The first type is a
"high impedance" charge output accelerometer. In this
type of accelerometer the piezoelectric crystal produces
an electrical charge which is connected directly to the
measurement instruments. The charge output requires
special accommodations and instrumentation most
commonly found in research facilities. This type of
accelerometer is also used in high temperature
applications (>120C) where low impedance models
cannot be used. Tri axial accelerometers measure the
vibration in three axes X, Y and Z. They have three
crystals positioned so that each one reacts to vibration in a
different axis. The output has three signals, each
representing the vibration for one of the three axes. The
ACC301 has lightweight titanium construction and 10
mV/g output with a dynamic range of +/-500 g's over a
range of 3 to 10 kHz.
The second type of accelerometer is a low impedance
output accelerometer. A low impedance accelerometer has
a charge accelerometer as its front end but has a tiny builtin micro-circuit and FET transistor that converts that
charge into a low impedance voltage that can easily
interface with standard instrumentation. This type of
accelerometer is commonly used in industry. An
accelerometer power supply like the ACC-PS1, provides
the proper power to the microcircuit 18 to 24 V @ 2 mA

Fig. 3 Accelerometer

Accelerometers can be used to measure

vibration on cars, machines, buildings, process control
systems and safety installations. They can also be used to
measure seismic activity, inclination, machine vibration,
dynamic distance and speed with or without the influence
of gravity. Applications for accelerometers that measure
gravity, wherein an accelerometer is specifically
configured for use in gravimeter, are called gravimeters.
C.Respiration
In humans, the respiratory system consists of the airways,
the lungs, and the respiratory muscles that mediate the
movement of air into and out of the body. Within the
alveolar system of the lungs, molecules of oxygen and
carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion,
between the gaseous environment and the blood. Thus,
the respiratory system facilitates oxygenation of the
blood with a concomitant removal of carbon dioxide and
other gaseous metabolic wastes from the circulation. The
system also helps to maintain the acid-base balance of the
body through the efficient removal of carbon dioxide
from the blood.
D .Blood Pressure Sensor
Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in the
arteries as it is pumped around the body by the heart.
When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood
through the arteries to the rest of your body. This force

creates pressure on the arteries. Blood pressure is

recorded as two numbersthe systolic pressure (as the
heart beats) over the diastolic pressure (as the heart
relaxes between beats).Blood Pressure sensor is shown in
Figure 4.

M.R. Thansekhar and N. Balaji (Eds.): ICIET14

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Wireless Health Care Monitoring

Fig. 4 Blood pressure Sensor

High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to serious

problems like heart attack, stroke or kidney disease. High
blood pressure usually does not have any symptoms, so
you need to have your blood pressure checked regularly.
Table 1
Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults (18 years and older)

Category
Hypotension

< 90

Diastolic (mm
Hg)
< 60

Desired

90119

6079

Pre hypertension

120139

8089

140159

9099

160179

100109

180

110

Stage1
Hypertension
Stage
Hypertension
Hypertensive
Crisis

Systolic(mm Hg)

Monitoring blood pressure at home is important for many

people, especially if you have high blood pressure. Blood
pressure does not stay the same all the time. It changes to
meet your bodys needs. It is affected by various factors
including body position, breathing or emotional state,
exercise and sleep. It is best to measure blood pressure
when you are relaxed and sitting or lying down.
E .Patient Pulse Report
Pulse sensor is used to monitor the heart beat of the
Patient, which is used to find whether the patient heart
rate is normal or abnormal. If the heart rate is normal then
the patient health condition is good otherwise, the patient
health condition is critical then sends a notification
message to the physician. Heart logo can be beated based
upon the pulse rate is shown in Figure 5.

M.R. Thansekhar and N. Balaji (Eds.): ICIET14

Figure 5 Pulse wave form

F .Measurement of Accelerometer
Accelerometer sensor is used to measure the patient
body movement whether the patient in straight or reverse
or left or right. This sensor can be placed on the chest
portion of the patient. Accelerometer sensor is very
helpful for the heart patient especially for bypass surgery
patient. Create a java user interface form for monitor the
patient dynamic body movement while set com port
connection. Then position can be displayed in the form is
shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 Patient Body Movements

G .Patient Health Monitor

The graphical user interface is designed by using java for
displaying the sensor values of that place is shown in
Figure 7. We designed a login form for patient with
unique ID and Name based on this we will create a
database and store the patient health information. Every
half an hour we will generate the patients record in web
pages

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VII. REMAINING WORK
Remaining work includes fetching the abnormal condition
data from the patients database based on the data emergency
message will be send to the physician using GSM
technology.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank our head of the department Mr. S.
Raj Pandian and my guide Mrs. A. Bazila Banu for
motivating me in doing such kind of real time projects and
thanks to all the web sources.
REFERENCES
Figure 7 Patient Health Condition

Matthew Kane, Amy kesluk, Edward Teaw etal., A Wireless

Health Monitoring System, in Proc .IEEE, 2005.
[2] Cristina Elena Turcu, Cornel Octavian Turcu.Internet of Things
as key Enabler for Sustainable Healthcare Delivery. The 2nd
International Conference on Integrated Information [online].pp.
251-256.
[3] Deepshikha
Goyal,
Jai
Bhaskar,
Parvinder
Singh.
(2012).Designing the Low Cost Patient Monitoring Device
(LCPMD) & Ubiquitous based Remote Health Monitoring and
Health Management using Tablet PC.2nd IEEE International
Conferences on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing. pp.711.
[4] Wan-Young Chung, Young-Dong Lee and Sang-Joong Jung.
(2008, Aug 20-24)A Wireless Sensor Network Compatible
Wearable U-healthcare Monitoring System Using Integrated
ECG, Accelerometer and Spo2.30th Annual International IEEE
EMBS Conference Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. pp
1529-1532.
[5] Fida Hasan Md. Rafi, Md.Manirul Islam etal., (2012,Dec 2022),Microcontroller Based Health Care Monitoring System
Using Sensor Network.7th international conference on electrical
and computer engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[6] http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/wireless-atientheartbeat-and-temperature-monitoring-system?page=2
[7] http://healthcare.analog.com/en/patientmonitoring/segment/healt
h.html?gclid=CLaTy6fUx7kCFeFfpgodZxwAAg
[8] Xiang-dong JIANG, Yu-Liang TANG etal., Wireless Sensor
Networks in Structural Health Monitoring Based on Zigbee
Technology, National High Technology Research and
Development Program of China (2007).
[9] Media Aminian, Hamid Reza Naji.(2013).A Hospital
Healthcare Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor
Networks.Health and Medical Informatics.[Open Access].4(2).
[10] Takuji Suzuki, Hirokazu Tanaka, Shigenobu Minami etal.,
Wearable Wireless Vital Monitoring Technology for Smart
Health Care. 7th International Symposium on Medical
Information and Communication Technology (2013).
[1]

H .Patient Record
Webpage is created for displaying the patients health
information through doctors login. Only authorized users
can login into the webpage. The doctors can access the
patients information from anywhere in the world by just
logging in into the account. In this project data are
displayed by using WAMP for windows Apache (an
HTTP Server), MySQL for stored information in database
and PHP language for server side communication. After
login into webpage, user can see the patients health
records are shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8 Patient Health Record in Database

VI. CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that healthcare monitoring is done by using
wireless sensor devices and report all the sensor data to
the physician. During the healthcare monitoring if any
patient health condition is critical, then send an
emergency notification message to the physician by using
GSM technology. Using four sensors related to healthcare
monitoring such as pulse sensor, Accelerometer, breathing
sensor and blood Pressure sensor which is controlled by
microcontroller and fetched data from sensors. Remaining
work will be planned to use Zigbee for send data from
sensor devices to PC and we will use GSM technology for
send emergency notification messages to the physician
mobile.
M.R. Thansekhar and N. Balaji (Eds.): ICIET14

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