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    Synchro Cyclotron

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    robert1789
    1) A synchrocyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that varies the frequency of its driving electric field to compensate for relativistic effects at high particle velocities. 2) It differs from a classical cyclotron in that only one pole retains its classical shape while the other is open, and the oscillating electric field frequency decreases continuously rather than remaining constant. 3) While it can accelerate particles to high energies, the synchrocyclotron produces a beam with low duty cycle and average current due to the varying frequency only capturing a small fraction of particles in phase-stable orbits.

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    Synchro Cyclotron

    Uploaded by

    robert1789
    389 views4 pages
    1) A synchrocyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that varies the frequency of its driving electric field to compensate for relativistic effects at high particle velocities. 2) It differs from a classical cyclotron in that only one pole retains its classical shape while the other is open, and the oscillating electric field frequency decreases continuously rather than remaining constant. 3) While it can accelerate particles to high energies, the synchrocyclotron produces a beam with low duty cycle and average current due to the varying frequency only capturing a small fraction of particles in phase-stable orbits.

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    synchrocyclotron

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    1) A synchrocyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that varies the frequency of its driving electric field to compensate for relativistic effects at high particle velocities. 2) It differs from a classical cyclotron in that only one pole retains its classical shape while the other is open, and the oscillating electric field frequency decreases continuously rather than remaining constant. 3) While it can accelerate particles to high energies, the synchrocyclotron produces a beam with low duty cycle and average current due to the varying frequency only capturing a small fraction of particles in phase-stable orbits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    389 views4 pages

    Synchro Cyclotron

    Uploaded by

    robert1789
    1) A synchrocyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that varies the frequency of its driving electric field to compensate for relativistic effects at high particle velocities. 2) It differs from a classical cyclotron in that only one pole retains its classical shape while the other is open, and the oscillating electric field frequency decreases continuously rather than remaining constant. 3) While it can accelerate particles to high energies, the synchrocyclotron produces a beam with low duty cycle and average current due to the varying frequency only capturing a small fraction of particles in phase-stable orbits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Synchrocyclotron

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


    Sketch of a synchrocyclotron from
    McMillan's patent.[1]
    See also: Particle accelerator and
    cyclotron

    A synchrocyclotron is a special type of cyclotron,


    patented by Edwin McMillan, in which the frequency of
    the driving RF electric field is varied to compensate for
    relativistic effects as the particles' velocity begins to
    approach the speed of light. This is in contrast to the
    classical cyclotron, where this frequency is constant.[1]
    There are two major differences between the
    synchrocyclotron and the classical cyclotron. In the
    synchrocyclotron, only one dee retains its classical shape,
    while the other pole is open (see patent sketch).
    Furthermore, the frequency of oscillating electric field in a
    synchrocyclotron is decreasing continuously instead of
    kept constant so as to maintain cyclotron resonance for
    relativistic velocities. One terminal of the oscillating

    electric potential varying periodically is applied to the dee


    and the other terminal is on ground potential. The proton
    or deuterons to be accelerated are made to move in
    circles of increasing radii. The acceleration of particles
    takes place as they enter or leave D. At the outer edge,
    the ion beam can be removed with the aid of electrostatic
    deflector. It was possible to produce 200 MeV deuterons
    and 400 MeV -particle with the first synchrocyclotron.
    [citation needed]

    Advantages

    A part of the former Orsay


    synchrocyclotron

    The chief advantage of the synchrocyclotron is that there


    is no need to restrict the number of revolutions executed
    by the ion before its exit. As such, the potential difference
    supplied between the dees can be much smaller.
    The smaller potential difference needed across the gap
    has the following uses:

    1. There is no need for a narrow gap between the dees


    as in the case of conventional cyclotron, because
    strong electric fields for producing large acceleration
    are not required. Thus only one dee can be used
    instead of two, the other end of the oscillating
    voltage supply being connected to earth.
    2. The magnetic pole pieces can be brought closer, thus
    making it possible to increase greatly the magnetic
    flux density.
    3. The frequency valve oscillator is able to function with
    much greater efficiency.
    Disadvantages
    The main drawback of this device is that, as a result of
    the variation in the frequency of the oscillating voltage
    supply, only a very small fraction of the ions leaving the
    source are captured in phase-table orbits of maximum
    radius and energy with the result that the output beam
    current has a low duty cycle, and the average beam
    current is only a small fraction of the instantaneous beam
    current. Thus the machine produces high energy ions,
    though with comparatively low intensity.
    The next development step of the cyclotron concept, the
    isochronous cyclotron, maintains a constant RF driving
    frequency and compensates for relativistic effects by
    increasing the magnetic field with radius. Isochronous
    cyclotrons are capable of producing much greater beam
    current than synchrocyclotrons. As a result, isochronous
    cyclotrons became more popular in the research field.
    Current developments

    Synchrocyclotrons are attractive for use in proton therapy


    because of the ability to make compact systems using
    high magnetic fields. Medical physics companies Ion
    Beam Applications and Mevion Medical Systems are
    developing superconducting synchrocyclotrons that can
    fit comfortably into hospitals.[2][3]

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