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    Garden City

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    Raya Villaflores
    Ebenezer Howard was a British urban planner who proposed the Garden City concept in his 1898 book 'To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform'. He envisioned towns that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living without their disadvantages. The first Garden Cities built based on his ideas were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. Both were planned communities surrounded by greenbelts that carefully balanced residential, commercial and agricultural areas. They served as influential models for future town planning and new town developments.

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    Garden City

    Uploaded by

    Raya Villaflores
    397 views50 pages
    Ebenezer Howard was a British urban planner who proposed the Garden City concept in his 1898 book 'To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform'. He envisioned towns that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living without their disadvantages. The first Garden Cities built based on his ideas were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. Both were planned communities surrounded by greenbelts that carefully balanced residential, commercial and agricultural areas. They served as influential models for future town planning and new town developments.

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    garden city movement

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    Ebenezer Howard was a British urban planner who proposed the Garden City concept in his 1898 book 'To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform'. He envisioned towns that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living without their disadvantages. The first Garden Cities built based on his ideas were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. Both were planned communities surrounded by greenbelts that carefully balanced residential, commercial and agricultural areas. They served as influential models for future town planning and new town developments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    397 views50 pages

    Garden City

    Uploaded by

    Raya Villaflores
    Ebenezer Howard was a British urban planner who proposed the Garden City concept in his 1898 book 'To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform'. He envisioned towns that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living without their disadvantages. The first Garden Cities built based on his ideas were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. Both were planned communities surrounded by greenbelts that carefully balanced residential, commercial and agricultural areas. They served as influential models for future town planning and new town developments.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 50

    shorthand writer in the law courts

    like to speculate, write and organize


    Travelled (he travelled from America in England
    at 21, moved to Nebraska and went to Chicago)
    wrote the book Garden Cities of Tomorrow
    (1902)
    Proposed Garden Cities
    Three Magnets

    Influences
    'three magnets' diagram
    he read widely, including Edward Bellamy's
    1888 utopian novel Looking Backward and
    thought deeply about social issues.
    One result was his book (1898) titled ToMorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform,
    which was reprinted in 1902 as Garden Cities
    of To-Morrow. This book offered a vision of
    towns free of slums and enjoying the benefits
    of both town (such as opportunity, amusement
    and high wages) and country (such as beauty,
    fresh air and low rents).

    Influences
    the perfect blend of city and nature.
    Garden City were influential in the
    development of "New Towns"

    DOWNFALL OF GARDEN CITY


    Critics
    Confusion with Garden city and garden suburb
    Accused him of wanting people to move like
    pawns on chessboard.
    They see him as a physical planner, ignoring
    the fact his garden city is the key for
    progressive reconstruction of society.

    DOWNFALL OF GARDEN CITY


    His book failed to be engage because
    of his limited knowledge in the field
    in which he was to make such a
    distinguished contribution

    Three Magnets
    Three Magnets diagram, which addressed
    the question 'Where will the people go?', the
    choices being 'Town', 'Country' or 'TownCountry' - the Three Magnets.
    It called for the creation of new suburban
    towns of limited size, planned in advance,
    and surrounded by a permanent belt of
    agricultural land.

    Three Magnets
    Extremely compressed and brilliant
    statement of planning objectives
    Existing cities and countryside have an
    indissoluble mixture of advantages and
    disadvantages

    Three Magnets

    GARDEN CITY
    offered a vision of towns free of slums and
    enjoying the benefits of both town (such as
    opportunity, amusement and high wages) and
    country (such as beauty, fresh air and low
    rents).
    Cities were the perfect blend of city and
    nature.
    Garden cities were used as a role model for
    many suburbs.

    GARDEN CITY
    Could uniquely combine all the advantages of
    the city by way of accessibility
    All the advantages of the country by the way
    of the environment Without any of the
    disadvantages of either
    Outside commuter range Planned
    decentralization of workers
    Self contained

    GARDEN CITY
    30,000 populations Surrounded by a greenbelt
    6,000 acres ( 5,000 greenbelt and 1,000 for
    the town or city)
    When a town reached a certain size, it should
    stop growing and the excess should be
    accommodated in another town close by
    Garden City was not to build an artistic town.
    We must first see that our citizens are
    decently housed.

    The "style" is medieval, with strong


    associations with the imminent "arts and crafts
    cottage style". A large use is made of dormer
    windows, steep gabled roofs with low eves,
    sometimes mansard
    His ideas attracted enough attention and
    financial backing to begin Letchworth Garden
    City, a suburban garden city north of London. A
    second garden city, Welwyn Garden City, was
    started after World War I.

    GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT


    an approach to urban planning that was
    founded in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in
    the United Kingdom.
    . Garden cities were to be planned, selfcontained communities surrounded by
    greenbelts, and containing carefully balanced
    areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.

    Letchworth Garden City


    Was founded on 1903.
    Built in northern
    Hertfordshire, England 36
    miles from London.
    The architects were
    Raymond Unwin and Barry
    Parker under the direction
    of Ebenezer Howard.
    It is the worlds first garden
    city.

    Had great influence on future town planning and the


    new towns movement.
    Originally was funded by the First Garden City
    Company of about 300,000 at 3,818 acres of land.
    First residents were mocked as idealists and otherworldly.
    Progress was slow and took 3 decades to reach a
    population of 15,000.

    Designing Aspects
    A railway line bisects the site which determines that
    here the industry must be.
    The big central Town square dominated by the major
    municipal buildings.
    Architects thoughts were imaginatively with the
    people who would live in the buildings, walk or play
    in the spaces they created.
    Objective was to promote beauty or amenity.
    It is important to prevent the complete separation of
    different classes of people which is such a feature of
    the modern English town.

    City Layout

    City Features
    A railway that passes through the center of
    the city.
    Industrial factory along the railway.
    A Farm within the heart of the city.
    Numerous wildlife parks within.
    Sports fields all over the city.
    Museums, historic houses, parks, and art
    galleries are abundant.

    More Features
    Several housing estates have been added to
    Letchworth since its inception.
    Shopping centers are set in tree lined streets
    and wide walkways.

    The City Today


    Comprises of 5,300 acres
    Main transportation through railway and buses.
    Most houses do not open onto streets with passing
    traffic, but onto pedestrian squares, green areas and
    playgrounds.
    Estates are crossed by a series of footpaths and
    underpasses.
    Wild animals such as deers and squirrels can be seen
    on the road which causes traffic.

    Welcoming sign

    Old Post Office

    Rushby Mead, Letchworth (1908)

    Straight curbed roads with uniform


    planting

    Roads inside Letchworth

    Ley Avenue

    Broadway Cinema

    Letchworth Church

    Memorial Hall

    St. Marys Church

    Welwyn Garden City


    is a town in Hertfordshire, England. Welwyn
    Garden City is also referred to in Council
    parlance as WGC or, less correctly, as
    "Welwyn" (the village of Welwyn is actually
    located a few miles northwest of WGC).
    The principal historic significance of the town
    lies in its planning. It is an example of the
    physical, social and cultural ideals of the
    periods in which it was conceived (

    it has the unique distinction of being both a


    garden city and a new town
    In planning terms its significance is global,
    attracting visitors from around the world.
    Welwyn Garden City, as its name suggests, is a
    garden city, founded by Sir Ebenezer Howard
    in the 1920s following his previous experiment
    in Letchworth Garden City, and designed by
    Louis de Soissons

    The town has its own exclusive environmental


    protection legislation - The Scheme of
    Management for Welwyn Garden City.
    The town centre is dominated by the central
    mall or 'scenic parkway', almost a mile long,
    named 'Parkway'. Prior to the erection of a
    police radio mast, the Parkway vista to the
    south viewed from the White Bridge had been
    described as one of the world's finest urban
    vistas

    Site Layout

    The main shopping centre is known as The


    Howard Centre, after Sir Ebenezer
    Howard.Welwyn Garden City railway station also
    forms part of the centre.

    One of the lesser-known ideas of the city's


    architects was that all the town's citizens
    would shop in the same store
    the Welwyn department store was established
    as a central landmark on the 'Campus' (a
    centrally-located green semi-circular area in
    the town).

    Commercial pressures have since ensured


    much more competition and variety, and the
    Welwyn Store is now part of the John Lewis
    Partnership group of stores (the original
    Welwyn Store was on the site of the current
    Rosanne House office building).

    Railway Station

    Embassy

    Digswell Viaduct Welwyn

    Gold Smith Centre

    Polycell Factory

    Wheat Factory

    Residential House

    Welwyn Garden City

    Welwyn Parkway

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