Toelf Test Estructura and Reading

Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis
of what isstated or implied in that passage.

Read the following passage:
The railroad was not the first institution to impose
regularity on
society, or to draw attention to the importance of
precise
timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out
their wares at
Lin
daybreak and communal festivities have been
celebrated, people
have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as
(5)
to the time of
day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent
than ever.
Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick
of time,
social life would be unbearably chaotic: the massive
daily transfers
of goods, services, and information would proceed in
fits and
(10
starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to
unravel.
Example I
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. In modern society we must make more time for our

neighbors.
B. The traditions of society are timeless.
C. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the
smooth functioning of society.
D. Society judges people by the times at which they
conduct certain activities.
The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about
how time is measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you
should choose answer C.
Example II
In line 6, the phrase "this tradition" refers to
A. the practice of starting the business day at dawn
B. friendly relations between neighbors
C. the railroad's reliance on time schedules
D. people's agreement on the measurement of time
The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause, "people have
been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day."
Therefore, you should choose answer D.
Now begin work on the questions.

PRACTICE PASSAGE
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the
Arctic Ocean.
It stretches southward across the largest and
northernmost state in
the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport
village nearly
Lin
800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size
and extremely
(5)
complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless
miles of
delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves
through
crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges
over rocky
crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes
over or
(10 under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4

)
feet in diameter,
and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of
crude oil can
be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long
sections of
the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the
frozen earth.
(15 Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy

)
or rocky
ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern

of the
pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the
often harsh
demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the
tortuous lay of the
land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or
permafrost
(20 (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of
)
the pipeline
is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried
anywhere
from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of
terrain and
the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost
approximately
(25 $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive

)
construction
project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no
single
business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil
companies
formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each
company
controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the

oil fields and
(30 paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to
)
the size of its

holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate,
supply
shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor
disagreements, treacherous
terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even
theft, the
Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's
1. operating costs
2. employees
3. consumers
4. construction
2. The word "it" in line 4 refers to
1. pipeline
2. ocean
3. state
4. village
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can
travel through the pipeline each
1. day
2. week
3. month
4. year
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 13 is closest in meaning
to
1. Consisting of
2. Supported by
3. Passing under
4. Protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in
determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the
1. climate
2. lay of the land itself
3. local vegetation
4. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
1. removed
2. selected
3. transported
4. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing
the pipeline?
1. 3
2. 4
3. 8
4. 12
8. The word "particular" in line 29 is closest in meaning to
1. peculiar
2. specific
3. exceptional
4. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of
the construction costs each member of the consortium
would pay?
1. How much oil field land each company owned
2. How long each company had owned land in the oil
fields
3. How many people worked for each company
4. How many oil wells were located on the company's
land
10.
Where in the passage does the author provide a
term for an earth covering that always remains frozen?

1. Line 3
2. Line 13
3. Line 19
4. Line 32
Structure
Directions: Questions 14 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each
sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have
chosen.
Look at the following examples:
Example I
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both
emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.
A. due to
B. because
C. in spite of
D. regardless of
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to

volcanoes because they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's
surface." Therefore, you should choose answer B.
Example II
During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for
sophisticated instruments and techniques.
A. so that hardly
B. where there hardly was
C. hardly was
D. there was hardly
The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean
navigation, there was hardly any need for sophisticated instruments
and techniques." Therefore, you should choose answer D.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Refrigerating meats ________ the spread of bacteria.
A. retards
B. retarding
C. to retard
D. is retarded
2. Throughout the animal kingdom, ________ bigger than the
elephant.
A. whale is only the
B. only the whale is
C. is the whale only

D. only whale is the
3. The fact ________ money orders can usually be easily cashed has
made them a popular form of payment.
A. of
B. that
C. is that
D. which is
4. The first article of the United States Constitution gives Congress
________ to pass laws.
A. the power
B. has the power
C. the power is
D. of the power
Written Expression
Directions: In questions 510, each sentence has four underlined
words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are
marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that
must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following examples:
The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow

fish because of the males' bright colors." Therefore, you should choose
answer A.
The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley

Chisholm became an important United States politician." Therefore,
you should choose answer B.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS

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Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis

of what isstated or implied in that passage.

daybreak and communal festivities have been

starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to

A. In modern society we must make more time for our

Now begin work on the questions.

800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size

(10 under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4

(15 Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy

ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern

(25 $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive

controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the

the size of its

Where in the passage does the author provide a

term for an earth covering that always remains frozen?

The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to

C. is the whale only

The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow

The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley

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