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    Testing of Circuit Breakers

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    Vikas Gupta
    Circuit breakers are tested to verify their reliability in safely guarding electrical equipment from faults. Various tests are conducted according to standards to evaluate performance under different fault conditions like short circuits, overloads and cable charging. Key tests include temperature rise tests, dielectric tests, short time withstand current tests and short circuit duty tests at various current levels from 10% to 100% of rated short circuit breaking capacity. Circuit breakers must successfully interrupt faults and re-close as specified to pass testing.

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    Testing of Circuit Breakers

    Uploaded by

    Vikas Gupta
    456 views20 pages
    Circuit breakers are tested to verify their reliability in safely guarding electrical equipment from faults. Various tests are conducted according to standards to evaluate performance under different fault conditions like short circuits, overloads and cable charging. Key tests include temperature rise tests, dielectric tests, short time withstand current tests and short circuit duty tests at various current levels from 10% to 100% of rated short circuit breaking capacity. Circuit breakers must successfully interrupt faults and re-close as specified to pass testing.

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    Circuit breakers are tested to verify their reliability in safely guarding electrical equipment from faults. Various tests are conducted according to standards to evaluate performance under different fault conditions like short circuits, overloads and cable charging. Key tests include temperature rise tests, dielectric tests, short time withstand current tests and short circuit duty tests at various current levels from 10% to 100% of rated short circuit breaking capacity. Circuit breakers must successfully interrupt faults and re-close as specified to pass testing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    456 views20 pages

    Testing of Circuit Breakers

    Uploaded by

    Vikas Gupta
    Circuit breakers are tested to verify their reliability in safely guarding electrical equipment from faults. Various tests are conducted according to standards to evaluate performance under different fault conditions like short circuits, overloads and cable charging. Key tests include temperature rise tests, dielectric tests, short time withstand current tests and short circuit duty tests at various current levels from 10% to 100% of rated short circuit breaking capacity. Circuit breakers must successfully interrupt faults and re-close as specified to pass testing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Testing of Circuit Breakers

    K N srinivasan

    CIRCUIT BREAKER
    VITAL LINK IN ELECTRICAL NETWORK
    SAFEGAURDS COSTLY ELECTRICAL EUIPMENT
    RELIABILITY - CRITICAL IMPORTANCE.

    Why Tests
    What Standards

    Recap
    C-& L charging
    50-60 Hz
    Sym & assym
    Inrush
    Why Oscillations

    Technical Terms
    * Applied voltage: R.M.S voltage applied immediately before it closes.
    * Recovery voltage: RMS voltage that reappears across after final arc
    extinction.
    * Restricting voltage: appearing across the arc gap
    immediately after the current zero
    * Making current
    peak valve of the current in the first major current loop.

    * Breaking current
    RMS current breaker contacts has to deal with.

    TYPE TESTS
    Temperature Rise
    Dielectric Tests.
    Dry Pf W/S
    Wet Pf W/S
    LI W/S
    Partial Discharge
    RIV
    Pollution
    IP
    Mech. Operation

    EMF & MMF


    Master CB
    Make Switch
    Optical fiber T/R

    Fault MVA = 3 x VL x IL
    VL= Line voltage
    IL = Line current

    Contact
    separation

    Basic Short Circuit Test Duties

    - ability to close on to fault at full asymmetry;


    - to prove that there is no significant change in arc energy (T100%, 30%, 60% &
    T100%) ;
    - to interrupt full fault current with appropriate DC component
    five Basic Short Circuit Test Duties at various current levels
    Test Duty No.

    T10

    T30

    T60

    T100s

    T100a

    % of rated
    S.C. Current

    10%

    30%

    60%

    100%

    100%

    % D.C.
    Component

    <20%

    <20%

    <20%

    <20%

    spec.

    TRV

    ( As specified in IEC for different voltage ratings )

    SEQUENCE
    For duties other than T100a
    O-3mts-CO-3mt-CO
    O-0.3Sec-CO-3Min-CO-CO for auto-reclosing breakers

    For duty T100a


    O-3mts-O-3mts-O

    Making current

    SHORT LINE FAULT


    surge impedance Z= L/C in
    ohms T = 2 / LC = 6.66 sec.

    VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS ASSOCIATED WITH


    SHORT LINE FAULT

    Critical Current Tests

    lesser than 10% of the rated S.C. breaking current.

    4% to 6% and 2% to 3% of rated S.C. breaking current.

    Inductive Current Switching Tests

    Small inductive - transformer magnetizing current , shunt reactor or


    motor switching currents

    Capacitive current Switching Tests

    unloaded transmission line, underground cable or a capacitor


    bank.
    The trapped charge on the capacitance - twice L-G voltage
    breakers of 72.5kV rating and above and the cable charging
    breaking current tests for breakers of 24kV and above only.
    Two test duties - breaking current (100% and 10 to 40 %).
    For 3 phase tests number of applications are:

    Test
    Duty

    Test current as a % of
    Rated
    cap.
    breaking
    current

    10 to 40

    Not less than 100

    Short Time Withstand Current Test

    withstand the dynamic and thermal stresses due to short circuits.

    1.0 to 3.0 seconds.

    The rated peak withstand current is equal to 2.5 times the rated
    short time withstand current (i.e., equal to rated short circuit
    making current of the breaker).

    CRITERIA FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

    DURING TEST
    Neither
    sign of excessive distress nor endanger the operator

    copper wire of 0.1 mm diameter and 50 mm long.


    AFTER TEST
    Making and breaking rated normal current
    A VISUAL INSPECTION of contacts
    80% P F W / S.
    NO LOAD OPERATION
    close and latch satisfactorily

    Examples

    Test Oscillogram of a failure

    Examples

    Typical oscillograms indicating a Break operation


    of Circuit breaker during Short circuit testing.

    Parallel current injection

    SYNTHETIC TESTING FACILITY

    C1 - 1.44MJ, 18
    F.
    400kV
    C2 - 2.8
    F., 500kV
    C3 - 4.0
    F., 400kV

    MECHANICAL OPERATION TEST


    CLASS M1
    2000 MECHANICAL OPERATIONS
    CLASS M2
    10000 MECHANICAL OPERATIONS

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