MDT Mini Frac PDF

MDT Mini Fracture
Technique
How to directly measure stresses
downhole
Outline
Stress measurements: why and how
Wireline stress measurements
Method
Tool
Procedure
Examples of advanced applications

Conclusions
MDT Mini Frac
Applications of Stress Measurements

Prediction of wellbore stability
Prediction of sand production
Planning of stimulation treatments
Completion design
Management of reservoirs
MDT Mini Frac
Possible Methods for Measuring

Stresses
Extended leak-off tests
Log interpretation methods (sonic based)
Image analysis (breakouts, fault slip, drilling induced
fractures
Hydraulic fracturing calibration test
Core relaxation techniques
Tests on pre-existing fractures
Mini-hydraulic fracturing technique (MDT)
4
MDT Mini Frac
Why MDT Mini Frac?

Cheaper and Faster Than LOTs
High Resolution, Focusable Measurement
Can Be Combined With Other Wireline Logging Tools
(save more more time)
Can Be Run In Cased Hole
Recent Example:
Tight Formation, Where No Pressure Had Been Possible
Mini Frac In Cased Hole => Gave The Reservoir Pressure
5
MDT Mini Frac
Usual Micro-Hydraulic Fracturing

Technique for Stress Testing
Fluid Injection
Fracture
Packer
Pressure
Gauge
MDT Mini Frac
A 2 wing fracture grows

perpendicular to the far-field
minimum stress.
Wellbore subparallel to
principal stress
Fracture has to grow away
from wellbore dominated
region
A Wireline Conveyed
Stress Tool
Wireline
Downhole pump
Pumpout module
Pressure gage
Inflate seal
valve
Software controlled in real

time
Packer
Very stiff hydraulic system
Interval seal
valve
Packer
Sliding
coupling
Flow control
Module
Sample
chamber
7
MDT Mini Frac
1m
=> crisp pressure records
Test Procedure
Packer
inflation
Leak
off
Hydraulic
fracturing
HF
Packer
Deflation
Packer pressure
Interval pressure
Injection rate
MDT Mini Frac
Packer inflation
Leak-off cycles
Hydraulic fracturing cycle
Hydraulic reopening cycle
Packer deflation
Analysis of each cycle
separately for stress
indicators
Example of Reopening Analysis

Fracture reopens
Linear fit
MDT Mini Frac
Example of Shut-in Analysis
Linear fit
Fracture closes
10 MDT Mini Frac
Example of Rebound Analysis

Packer
pressure
Rebound pressure
Start flowback
Interval
pressure
Start rebound
11 MDT Mini Frac
(Impermeable Formation Prebound 3)
Example of Reconciliation Plot

Trend Stabilises => Frac Has Propagated Beyond NWB
Breakdown pressure
Propagation pressure
ISIP
Selected closure stress
Closure pressure
Reopening pressure
Looking for trends in the data to select the closure stress

12 MDT Mini Frac
Imaging the Created Fracture
Before
13 MDT Mini Frac
After
Stress Measurements Unleashed

Wireline stress testing classically limited to low
permeability formations
Application typically limited to design of hydraulic
fracturing stimulation
With more and more complex well paths, knowledge
of stress is a key input to better field development
To get the full value of the measurement, one needs to
extend its applicability:
wider range of formation permeability
portability of results, horizontal stress contrast
14 MDT Mini Frac
Stress Testing Impermeable Formations

Applications
Challenges
Stress contrast for HF

containment
Proper fracture initiation
Stress in cap rock for

storage of hydrocarbons
Problem rock for drilling
15 MDT Mini Frac
Fracture does not close

naturally
Example 1: Stress Testing a Cap Rock

Purpose:
Measuring the minimum stress acting on the cap rock
of a gas storage reservoir.
Existing well:
perform test cased hole (1.5 ft, 45o phasing, 12 spf)
Procedure
Flowback/rebound test
16 MDT Mini Frac
Results
ShutShut -In
Start flowback
Max. rebound pressure
Start rebound
Four measurements in the cap rock (confidence)

Safe operating pressure confirmed for the storage
17 MDT Mini Frac
Determination of Maximum Horizontal

Stress: H
Based on packer reopening of an already tested
fracture by Sleeve Fracturing
preopening = 3 h - H + pfrac
Where Pfrac is fluid Pressure in frac
pfrac = pmud column if filter cake
pfrac = preservoir without filter cake
Valid only if wellbore subvertical (<30o deviation)
18 MDT Mini Frac
Example 2: Stress Testing a Tight Gas

Reservoir
Purpose:
Measuring the horizontal stresses to decide on the
development of the field: hydraulic fracturing vs. short
radius drainage holes. Question: What is Stress
Anisotropy?
New well:
open hole test.
Procedure:
combination of hydraulic fracturing and packer
fracturing
19 MDT Mini Frac
Results: Low Horizontal Stress Contrast
Fracture reopens
Parabolic fit
Confirmed with DSCA on cores

No preferred drilling direction for wellbore stability
20 MDT Mini Frac
Job Histories From Tight Carbonate

Fields
Venezuela
Tests = 3, Depth = 4800 m,Formation = limestone, BS =
8.5 in gauge
Verify That Low Permeability Formation Can Withstand
Mud Weight of 16.5 lb/ft
Answer: Yes Allowed Petrobras to drill ahead without
setting casing
Oman
Tight Formation, depths were 2600 to 2825 metres.
Objective: Determine Frac Gradients
Result: Sleeve Fracturing => Frac Gradient = 1.25 psi/ft
21 MDT Mini Frac
Job From Recent Abu Dhabi Well

Pump Sequence at 8870ft
9000
10000
Packer Failed
Apparently
Corrected Packer Pressure

POMS
8000
8000
7000
Attempt
PO
More
7000
pressure
9000
Filtration Tests
6000
6000
5000
Reinflate
5000
4000
3000
Packer Inflate
2000
4000
1000
3000
7600
0
8600
9600
10600
11600
12600
time seconds
22 MDT Mini Frac
13600
14600
15600
pumpout motor speed
Interva Quartz Gauge
Interpretation Of Data Packer Pressure

vs Pumpout Volume
Implies A Probable Sleeve Fracture
Last Major Pumpup
8100
7600
7100
Correct_Packer_pressure
6600
Probable
Sleeve
Fracture
6100
5600
1505000
1510000
1515000
1520000
1525000
1530000
POPV CC
23 MDT Mini Frac
1535000
1540000
1545000
1550000
Typical Sleeve Fracture Response
24 MDT Mini Frac
Packer Interval Pressures Indicated

Fracturing Reached Packer Interval
1st Major Pressure Up @8870ft
7500
8000
7000
6000
Sleeve Frac?
pressure
6500
Interva Quartz Gauge
5000
PASG
6000
4000
POMS
Sleeve Fracture
Reaches Packer
Interval
5500
3000
2000
5000
1000
4500
11890
0
11910
11930
11950
11970
11990
12010
time seconds
25 MDT Mini Frac
12030
12050
12070
12090
pumpout motor speed
7000
Conclusions
New developments of a wireline tool for stress
measurements provide measurements of stress
magnitudes in a wide range of formations.
The information can be combined with images for
determination of stress direction.
Such data provides critical input to applications at the
scale of the field: field development, completion
strategy or enhanced recovery.
Building a calibrated stress model ensures portability
of the results.
26 MDT Mini Frac

MDT Mini Frac PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MDT Mini Frac PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MDT Mini Frac PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is the MDT mini frac technique used for?

What is the MDT mini frac technique used for?

What are some of the applications of stress measurements?

What are some of the applications of stress measurements?

MDT Mini Fracture

Examples of advanced applications

MDT Mini Frac

Applications of Stress Measurements

MDT Mini Frac

Possible Methods for Measuring

MDT Mini Frac

Why MDT Mini Frac?

MDT Mini Frac

Usual Micro-Hydraulic Fracturing

MDT Mini Frac

A 2 wing fracture grows

Software controlled in real

Very stiff hydraulic system

MDT Mini Frac

=> crisp pressure records

MDT Mini Frac

Example of Reopening Analysis

MDT Mini Frac

Example of Shut-in Analysis

10 MDT Mini Frac

Example of Rebound Analysis

11 MDT Mini Frac

(Impermeable Formation Prebound 3)

Example of Reconciliation Plot

Looking for trends in the data to select the closure stress

Imaging the Created Fracture

13 MDT Mini Frac

Stress Measurements Unleashed

Stress Testing Impermeable Formations

Stress contrast for HF

Proper fracture initiation

Stress in cap rock for

15 MDT Mini Frac

Fracture does not close

Example 1: Stress Testing a Cap Rock

16 MDT Mini Frac

Four measurements in the cap rock (confidence)

Determination of Maximum Horizontal

18 MDT Mini Frac

Example 2: Stress Testing a Tight Gas

Results: Low Horizontal Stress Contrast

Confirmed with DSCA on cores

Job Histories From Tight Carbonate

Job From Recent Abu Dhabi Well

Corrected Packer Pressure

pumpout motor speed

Interva Quartz Gauge

Interpretation Of Data Packer Pressure

Corrected Packer Pressure

23 MDT Mini Frac

Typical Sleeve Fracture Response

24 MDT Mini Frac

Packer Interval Pressures Indicated

Interva Quartz Gauge