The 8 Rules of Dividend Investing

The 8 Rules of Dividend Investing
The 8 Rules of Dividend Investing quantify the best dividend growth stocks for long-term
investors so you know exactly what stocks to buy and sell.
At their core, The 8 Rules of Dividend Investing identify high quality dividend growth
stocks. These stocks have a mix of a low price-to-earnings ratio, high dividend yield, low
stock-price-volatility, and high growth rate.
The majority of 8 Rules stocks are well known businesses with a long history of
profitability. They are familiar household names. This is because they have been so
successful for so long. I personally feel a sense of relief knowing I am invested in tried
and true businesses that have withstood the test of time. I hope you do as well.
Rules 1 to 5: What to Buy

Rule # 1 The Quality Rule
The single greatest edge an investor can have is a long term orientation
Seth Klarman
Common Sense Idea: Invest in high quality businesses that have a proven long-term
record of stability, growth, and profitability. There is no reason to own a
mediocre business when you can own a high quality business.
Financial Rule: Invest only in stocks with 25 or more years of dividend payments
without a reduction.
Evidence: The Dividend Aristocrats (stocks with 25+ years of rising dividends) have
outperformed the S&P500 over the last 10 years by 2.88% per year.
Source: S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Factsheet, February 28 2014, page 2
Rule # 2 The Bargain Rule

Price is what you pay, value is what you get
Warren Buffett
Common Sense Idea: Invest in businesses that pay you the most dividends so you can
increase dividend income stream
Financial Rule: Rank stocks by dividend yield.
Evidence: The highest yielding quintile of stocks outperformed the lowest yielding
quintile of stocks by 1.76% per year from 1928 through 2013.
Source: Dividends: A Review of Historical Returns by Heartland Funds, page 2
Rule # 3 The Safety Rule

The secret of sound investment in 3 words; margin of safety
Benjamin Graham
Common Sense Idea: If a business is paying out all its income as dividends, it has no
margin of safety. When a business downturn occurs, the dividend must be reduced.
Invest in businesses that have higher income than dividends to help ensure dividends
wont be cut during business downturns.
Financial Rule: Rank stocks by their payout ratios.
Evidence: High yield low payout ratio stocks outperformed high yield high payout ratio
stocks by 8.2% per year from 1990 to 2006.
Source: High Yield, Low Payout by Barefoot, Patel, & Yao, page 3
Rule # 4 The Growth Rule

All you need for a lifetime of successful investing is a few big winners
Peter Lynch
Common Sense Idea: Invest in businesses that have a history of solid growth. If a
business has maintained a high growth rate for several years, they are likely to continue
to do so. The more a business grows, the more profitable your investment will become.
Financial Rule: Rank stocks by long-term revenue growth.
Evidence: Growing dividend stocks have outperformed stocks with unchanging
dividends by 2.4% per year from 1972 to 2013.
Source: Rising Dividends Fund, Oppenheimer, page 4
Rule # 5 The Peace of Mind Rule

Psychology is probably the most important factor in the market and one that is least
understood
David Dreman
Common Sense Idea: Look for businesses that people invest in during recessions and
times of panic. These businesses will have a relatively stable stock price that will make
them easier to hold for the long run.
Financial Rule: Rank stocks by their long-term volatility and beta
Evidence: The S&P Low Volatility index outperformed the S&P500 by 2.00% per year
for the 20 year period ending September 30th, 2011.
Source: S&P 500 Low Volatility Index: Low & Slow Could Win the Race, page 3
Rules 6 & 7: When to Sell

Rule # 6 The Overpriced Rule
Pigs get fat, hogs get slaughtered
Unknown
Common Sense Idea: If you are offered $500,000 for a $250,000 house, you take the
money. It is the same with a stock. If you can sell a stock for much more than it is worth
, you should. Take the money and reinvest it into businesses that pay higher dividends.
Financial Rule: Sell when the normalized P/E ratio is over 40.
Evidence: The lowest decile of P/E stocks outperformed the highest decile by 9.02% per
year from 1975 to 2010.
Source: The Case for Value by Brandes Investment Partners, Page 2
Rule # 7 The Survival of the Fittest Rule

When the facts change, I change my mind. What do you do, sir?
John Maynard Keynes
Common Sense Idea: If a stock you own reduces its dividend, it is paying you less over
time instead of more. This is the opposite of what should happen. You must admit the
business has lost its competitive advantage and reinvest the proceeds of the sale into a
more stable business.
Financial Rule: Sell when the dividend payment is reduced or eliminated.
Evidence: Stocks that reduced or eliminated their dividends had a 0% return from 1972
through 2013.
Source: Rising Dividends Fund, Oppenheimer, page 4
Rule 8: Portfolio Management

Rule # 8 The Hedge Your Bets Rule
The only investors who shouldnt diversify are those who are right 100% of the time
John Templeton
Common Sense Idea: No one is right all the time. Spreading your investments over
multiple stocks reduces the impact of being wrong on any one stock.
Financial Rule: Build a diversified portfolio over time. Use The 8 Rules of Dividend
Investing to rank high quality dividend growth stocks. Buy the highest ranked stock of
which you own the least each month to build your diversified portfolio over time.
Evidence: 90% of the benefits of diversification come from owning just 12 to 18 stocks.
Source: Frank Reilly and Keith Brown, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management,
page 213
Real Life Examples

I have selected 3 of the top 10 high quality dividend growth stocks using The 8 Rules of
Dividend Investing so you have an idea of what businesses fit the 8 Rules:

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