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    Electromagnetic Fields and Waves HW4 Solution - Iskander

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    amacombe
    This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of a textbook on Maxwell's equations in differential form. It provides examples of using vector calculus operations like curl, divergence, and integration to evaluate Maxwell's equations for different vector fields expressed in cylindrical or Cartesian coordinates. Maxwell's equations are shown to be satisfied for sample vector fields like A=p2a0-za1. Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem are applied to integrals over surfaces and volumes.

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    Electromagnetic Fields and Waves HW4 Solution - Iskander

    Uploaded by

    amacombe
    2K views12 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of a textbook on Maxwell's equations in differential form. It provides examples of using vector calculus operations like curl, divergence, and integration to evaluate Maxwell's equations for different vector fields expressed in cylindrical or Cartesian coordinates. Maxwell's equations are shown to be satisfied for sample vector fields like A=p2a0-za1. Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem are applied to integrals over surfaces and volumes.

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    This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of a textbook on Maxwell's equations in differential form. It provides examples of using vector calculus operations like curl, divergence, and integration to evaluate Maxwell's equations for different vector fields expressed in cylindrical or Cartesian coordinates. Maxwell's equations are shown to be satisfied for sample vector fields like A=p2a0-za1. Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem are applied to integrals over surfaces and volumes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views12 pages

    Electromagnetic Fields and Waves HW4 Solution - Iskander

    Uploaded by

    amacombe
    This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of a textbook on Maxwell's equations in differential form. It provides examples of using vector calculus operations like curl, divergence, and integration to evaluate Maxwell's equations for different vector fields expressed in cylindrical or Cartesian coordinates. Maxwell's equations are shown to be satisfied for sample vector fields like A=p2a0-za1. Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem are applied to integrals over surfaces and volumes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that Maxwell's equations relate electric and magnetic fields and describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered. The document discusses Maxwell's equations in differential form and various vector calculus theorems like the divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem that can be applied to these equations.

    Maxwell's equations in differential form describe how electric and magnetic fields vary in space and time. They relate the curl of the electric field to time-varying magnetic field and the curl of the magnetic field to electric current density and the time-varying electric field. Various examples are given of taking curls and divergences of vector fields.

    The divergence theorem relates the flux of a vector field through a closed surface to the total divergence within the volume. It is used to evaluate surface integrals as volume integrals, which can be easier to calculate. Several examples are given of applying the divergence theorem to evaluate surface integrals.

    Chapter 2

    Maxwell's Equations in Differential


    Form
    2.1
    f r .,-l
    v=E,lr-lgll..ore
    'L \o) l
    in cylindncal coordinates
    V=
    a ta
    r---O^
    a
    T:a_
    dp '
    =-a^ pdQ' dz

    vlil = dva-*-=;a^*-=-O
    tdw dw
    _
    oJu.,'+,',,0,1^.'

    = n p" 'P 4,-i:l'.l.,,"


    ol \n/l *^ * -'L
    u,l,-1,u)' 1.",*.
    \o)l--''-'

    2.2 A= -ya +.rav': find V x A.

    curlA=VxA=l* + +l
    f: ": ':l
    l* dv *l
    l-v " ol

    Solving determinant yields:

    '\
    ^.( Az) u(o*+).
    o-+)-
    '[a" A) =an+r)=2a
    '/\ Az) "(4*?) -"-''' z
    CHAPTER 2. MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS INDIFFERENTIAL FORM

    .'. V x A=Za z
    t-
    Evaluate $l.aV around ,' + y' =1.
    J.
    To pe*orm the integration around the specified contour, we must transform the vector A
    from rectangular to cylindrical. To change, we use:

    x = pcosQ

    = psinQ

    A= Aoar+ Ara,

    where
    Ao = A"cos@ + A sin@ where A, = -l
    A, = -A"sin@ + A, cosp where A=x
    A, = -ycos@+xsin@
    A, = -(-y)sin@+xcosp
    Substituting the above formulas for x and y for Ao and Ar:

    Ao = -(psin@)cos@+pcos@sin@=0
    A, = psin@sin@+pcos@cos@=p(sin2@+cos2 Q)= p

    ... A= pao

    f-frtf2o
    .'. 0A .dl. =Qpa^ ldp^"+ pdta^+ dza.l= | p'dQ=znpt
    Jc J - \ Jrt

    Butp=l=constant
    l-
    .'. SA'dV
    I
    =2x(l)2 =2n
    .c

    Evaluate t,l,.a" over the surface bounded by x2 + )2 = I in cylindrical coordinates.


    JV
    IRM

    P^ al

    vxA=14
    FA'vl
    4 4l =70 *-a,(o- r.?(#-r=
    r- dQ
    IdP
    P\P)',il
    o2l
    |trr)^, =t^.
    lu
    fr
    I VxA.4s= l2a, . pdw pa, = o,
    .lr J.r I,=' I" r row o = [l=' z orl^" = 2op,l,o = 2x

    Stokes' Theorem states:

    av
    Jv"r.as={1

    ar=f.a.dv=2r
    Jv"a
    .'. Stokes' Theorem is satisfied.

    2.3 F=2pa, wherep=3, 0SQS2n, 0<z<2


    The Divergence Theorem is

    dr
    J, a, = f aiu F.au
    J.

    divF= v F=l+?t3.+4.+)
    dp ppa| az)-!a?p'
    p +0+0 =4p
    _4
    \p 0p p
    +y.F=4
    Right-hand side:

    r a" = [,+a" =
    Jaiu I f" f apdzd@p
    = II"^ 2pdQdp=J', 2npdp
    = t6r,l'
    ,.
    p'1"=J27t =
    r
    J"div
    F dv
    Left-hand side:

    a' = I
    f,n I"'r",' pd@za,= f, t"ro'o*,
    = (zp'oli" a, - 2p, 2,al: = 4xp2 2 - BEp2
    . .

    But p=3'
    CHAPTER 2. MAXWELL,S EQUATIONS IN
    DIFFERENTIAL FOI

    I
    .'. 0F .ds=8np2 =8x.9 =72x
    J.

    2.4 T and M are scalar fields. Prove in Cartesian coordiaates


    that v(MT) = TvM + MyT.
    .'. By definition:

    r=r(x,y.z) M=M(x.y,z) v =(*-&-*)

    .'. V(rW = (*. *. *)t a,,, u z)l = (*. ft . !)r,rt


    z) (x, y,

    #. #. ry =, ff *, # *, ff *, *4., #. * #
    '(# - #. #). *( *q. K. 9= rv M + MY r
    Proven.

    2.5 Find the curl (Vx r) of:

    (a) A= p2ao _ ZL,

    la" uQ al
    l; a ;lal
    VxA = la ao
    Pp al
    lo' | -,1

    p'\oQ
    Iu.(
    "r," -+) - "^f+a - 4) * 1" '\dp
    az)-'ldp E)-p .[+q-4)=o
    dQ)
    (b) B=3xaa, - ya, - x'a,

    lt' u, ".
    VxB = lz a al
    4
    I

    lax
    l^
    azl
    rl
    lrxz -y -x'l
    = ".W ry)-",(ry-ry)."{+ ry)
    = -ar(-2x -3x) = Jyv"
    (c) c =;f a,

    I a,
    aA aal
    l.2sl,td t*to ;l
    Vxc=14
    - 4
    a0 4l
    ldr aal

    l"''I o o| t (r-4:l*lu-fo
    ) r ,\ -d"''\
    = ,-a.(o-o)- dQ * 1=o
    -a,[
    (d) D= pao*pza,

    la^
    lrarl
    ar
    DIID A
    t'.1
    VxD = l+ + +l
    ldp dQ czl
    l"l p'o p'llo
    = !""( +-+ldz
    p ,\dE )
    {-+).1"
    -"^(-\dp f4q-4)=
    o?.) p ,\dp dQ) -a.(2p) = -2pao
    E

    (e) E= xzar+yzar-f'a,

    la av al.l
    I'
    VxE = Ig 4
    oY 4l
    *,1
    l*
    lxz yz -y-l
    = ^.(a(dy
    -tl-4pl
    oz -^(u(?')-4+r)
    *u( ar!,,-egl)
    t '(. dx dz) "\* ) ) "y

    (f) F= Kr'a

    VxF =

    2.6
    CHAPTER 2. MAXWELL'S EQUATTONS IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM

    S6

    {.r at = If ",0' *ffr u.**ffr -^,0,*fi -u.*


    = r*.1.'ill,=,. f:r . I ;!' *1,=,= ,' *l'^1,-, =|

    (a)
    la a al
    ti : ,'l ( ^ a(-y')') (^ ,(.,)') (a(-y,) &,)
    0-+
    dz )l+a.l'\ -fdx -+
    VxF=l* fr, ftl="|0--# l-""1
    l* dz , '( oY)l-22a,
    l_2 -t \ 0l
    l<" -v'
    f fr fr pr I'
    .'. x F. ds = 22a,. a dxdz = ruldr= .'ll =r
    J.v J, J. Jo

    (b)
    4," .. tn ,
    1z=l;r=l | ;z=t;x=t | ;z=t pr=t
    l,^l ^rr",.adydzllr=t *|"|
    Jv"r a, = rrz=0rrr=0 *|^I 2ru,-adydzl I

    ^2za,.adxdzl
    Jz=oJ t=o lr=, Jz=OJy=o lr=o

    - u -^,*orl,u
    l)=J.=,'^, "*orl,=,. L,E,"u,

    = ['='rr*0,
    l'=' J r=O
    Jz=O
    = l'=' 2rd,
    J z=o
    = zrll^ =
    'u
    t
    Sl is the only one in which the dot Foduct equals I

    Theorem = [v"F'ds=
    J, 6r
    J,
    aZ
    M

    6E.d!.
    t I,:
    '
    ou*!": o*f a-t

    rsinodfa, * rdoa'
    roo, * f,,F''
    ==
    f'' ^, Lo ^,'
    0
    0 because all dot Products =

    I a aa aol
    sin0 rsmu
    =o
    lr2
    -l= -
    VxF= la d
    A= **a,(0 - o) - ",[. - #). i',(o #)
    la, ao
    0l
    I

    lr o

    xF'ds = a' =o = a-t


    Jv fo {Y'

    Proven.

    t F'ds = O
    2.8 B= p^o- zl"rstokes' Theorem = I,o {'
    CHAPTER 2. MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM

    =zn
    {1 az =
    f", ,o*,1,=,= f. ,rrroQl,=,= f,' ,'orl,=,= Qll"

    No 7l
    l+
    vxF=14 4 yl o). o) =,".
    lop dQ +l=
    *l ;",(w ",(T- ;",(#-
    lo P P -zl
    (a)

    IV,. r.a. f" l,zpdpdQ = fo" =zo


    = papdpa,= aE
    J. !za,-
    (b)

    I
    "F
    Vxr ds+ lVxF.ds
    Jvrr,r' =
    Js, Js,

    s2 sl

    pr p2r | 1t P2r
    = )o J" '",' '4M'z^rl,-* J, J,
    2a,' PdQdPa,

    pt 12n fl
    ), ),
    zoawo =
    )oztaP
    =zn
    5, is the only side for which the dot product =l

    --!-

    2.9 (a) A = Yzax+ xzay+ xYLz

    DivA=v.A=
    ry.T.ry=o
    (b) B = pa.

    DivB=v B=;(#.#.ry)=,
    (c) C = ra.

    Divc=v.c=, 1 [r(''i""r)*ry.+q]
    - r2 sing ]l',in! =t
    a' ae a0
    I ) r'sino

    (d) D= 2r'a,1,-,
    =#1,=,=8'l'='=24
    Div D= v D=
    #u+t'!.#.PJ,=,
    (e) E= 3xa,+(Y-3)a, +(2-z)a'

    -r=3
    Div E=v'E= ry.N#.ry#=3+1
    at = r a"
    2.10 F - pvoiza. ; Diver8ence Theorem $"r liu

    t_O(P' il Llzp) +r = 2 +I = 3
    divF=O.r=, dp *ag) dz= p
    Pu Pnl2
    Fd PrlZ ?h

    J
    ai' r a" =
    =r{,}.jA!r:',,':o
    s=s,+sr+sr+So+s,

    S, ds = -dpdza, Sr+ -pd'pdQa" St + ds - pd@zao


    ds =
    =
    ds = drydzao S, +
    ds = PdPdfa'
    so
    =
    FORM
    EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENTIAL
    CHAPTER 2. MAXWELL'S
    l0

    aoa'u' * pdpdQ
    ft lt
    -aparur* ,rz -papqu..l,I
    'pd@'za,*
    lr I*t
    $," " ==
    Js, , ert2
    ah
    ,
    I
    odv'\o-. * o. l;,'l;
    zododQ\,=^
    o.l:"1; -,papdQ\,="* .l. J.
    ' n
    o I e=lt'
    = o+o+ P':hl +o+z;7\ =a';h+a'-!h
    Z lp=d - -t1-h
    aa t .
    j_A"h- 3n )l
    = ",r44+
    Arh+
    =A-n
    Theorem'
    Proving the Divergence

    :-2V@, where P=2,z=1' 0(Q32tt


    | - ^'':r r')srn
    2.ll 92P"lz+ e

    L=2p1(z+ l)sin2 @a

    (A
    \7
    ,-<..

    Stokes' Theorem J iv t n a' =


    {,1
    aV

    \+ xq lr A
    ?l
    Ll
    curtA=VxA = Ia, ao &l
    o
    \t olzP'1'+ 1)sin'?Pl l

    p' sin) o] - o
    - ", ro - o'..I^,1*lz rz+ I;

    = !Pu,[o\o - !7,
    dz'
    p', r+ I ) sinz o l) )

    1)sin2 @a'
    = -2P2 s\nz tar+6P(z+
    4s= pdpdfa.

    x A)'ds
    I,to -

    = i," fur'rr+1)sin?
    MpdQ= J,"u4[t'+1)sin'z@@

    withz=1' =32n
    = 2 8(z+r) t-#\l" =rcQ+l)+
    check ={y av = Il',r',r+l)sin2 *rl,=,=I",.8.2sin,@Q
    z=l
    g
    = zz - r^Ul,','" = rro=
    I,o
    x A) .ds

    1)n
    2.12 (a) s= pao, V.o=;fr=,

    The number of flux lines in = the


    number of flux lines out.

    .'. Net flux = 0 .'. Div = 0

    (b) B=E60, V.B= 1aQD =L


    pdp p

    There is more flux coming out of


    the test region than going into it.

    .'. Div *0

    (c) C=)a,, V.C=


    fr=O

    Flux in = flux out.

    .'. Net flux = 0 .'. Div = 0


    12 CHAPTER 2. MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM

    (d) D=ra,, V'D=


    ##=o
    Flux in = flux out.

    ... Net flux = 0 .'. Div = 0

    t 0(r'r2sin0) -Zl^,5r- = 3
    (e) E = ra, , V'E = ;.s*'-
    ar =

    Flux in < flux out.

    .'. Div *0

    (f7 F=zar, V'F=;ry=;

    Flux in I flux out.

    .'. Div *0

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