ABSTRACT

Neonode has patented and commercialized the z-force(an

abbreviation

for

zero

force

necessary)touch technology ,which was designed to overcome many of the limitations of

todays touch screens . As users tap, swipe, or write on the screen, z-force detects the location of
the touch based on the Interruption in infrared light projecting across the screen, which translates
to

coordinates

on

the

grid.

The

z-force

architecture

and

input

method

is believed to be unique to Neonode. A z-force Touch Screen can be activated by multiple modes
of input, including bare fingers, gloves, styluses, and (multiple simultaneous to touches). It is
uncommon today to find both pens as well as multi-touch features innately built into the same
touchscreen. The resistive touch technology used on most PDAs to recognize stylus writing
works as a spot on the screen is pressed inward, causing one layer of the touchscreen to make
contact with a layer beneath. This contact sends a signal to the device to recognize the touch.
Ultra sonic frequency, low amplitude vibrations between two flat plates have been shown to
create a squeeze film of air between the two plate surfaces thereby reducing the friction,
shown that a reduction of friction will also occur between a human finger and a vibrating
plate. Thus, a vibrating plate can serve as a haptic interface. The amplitude of vibration
can also be correlated to the amount of friction reduction the plate and the finger. Varying
the surface friction between the finger and the haptic interface is a way of indirectly
controlling shear forces on the finger during active exploration. Using finger position and
velocity feedback on the display allows for the creation of spatial texture sensations.

ABSTRACT
This seminars includes the theory, design and construction of a haptic display for creating
texture sensations through variations in surface friction. Ultra sonic frequency, low
amplitude vibrations between two flat plates have been shown to create a squeeze film
of air between the two plate surfaces thereby reducing the friction. Here, it is shown that a
reduction of friction will also occur between a human finger and a vibrating plate. Thus, a
vibrating plate can serve as a haptic interface. The amplitude of vibration can also be
correlated to the amount of friction reduction the plate and the finger. Varying the surface
friction between the finger and the haptic interface is a way of indirectly controlling shear
forces on the finger during active exploration. Using finger position and velocity feedback on
the display allows for the creation of spatial texture sensations.

Touch Screens
Introduction
A type of display screen that has a touch-sensitive transparent panel covering the
screen. Instead of using a pointing device such as a mouse or light pen, you can use
your finger to point directly to objects on the screen.
Although touch screens provide a natural interface for computer novices, they are
unsatisfactory for most applications because the finger is such a relatively large
object. It is impossible to point accurately to small areas of the screen. In addition,
most users find touch screens tiring to the arms after long use.
Touch-screens are typically found on larger displays, in phones with integrated PDA
features. Most are designed to work with either your finger or a special stylus.
Tapping a specific point on the display will activate the virtual button or feature
displayed at that location on the display.Some phones with this feature can also
recognize handwriting written on the screen using a stylus, as a way to quickly input
lengthy or complex information
A touchscreen is an input device that allows users to operate a PC by simply
touching the display screen. Touch input is suitable for a wide variety of computing
applications. A touchscreen can be used with most PC systems as easily as other
input devices such as track balls or touch pads. Browse the links below to learn
more about touch input technology and how it can work for you.
History Of Touch Screen Technology
A touch screen is a special type of visual display unit with a screen which is
sensitive to pressure or touching. The screen can detect the position of the point of
touch. The design of touch screens is best for inputting simple choices and the
choices are programmable. The device is very user-friendly since it 'talks' with the
user when the user is picking up choices on the screen.
Touch technology turns a CRT, flat panel display or flat surface into a dynamic data
entry device that replaces both the keyboard and mouse. In addition
toeliminating these separate data entry devices, touch offers an "intuitive" interface.
In public kiosks, for example, users receive no more instruction than 'touch your

selection.
Specific areas of the screen are defined as "buttons" that the operator selects
simply by touching them. One significant advantage to touch screen applications is
that each screen can be customized to reflect only the valid options for each phase
of an operation, greatly reducing the frustration of hunting for the right key or
function.
Pen-based systems, such as the Palm Pilot and signature capture systems, also use
touch technology but are not included in this article. The essential difference is that
the pressure levels are set higher for pen-based systems than for
touch.Touch screens come in a wide range of options, from full color VGA and SVGA
monitors designed for highly graphic Windows or Macintosh applications to
small monochrome displays designed for keypad replacement and enhancement.
Specific figures on the growth of touch screen technology are hard to come by, but
a 1995 study last year by Venture Development Corporation predicted overall
growth of 17%, with at least 10% in the industrial sector.Other vendors agree
that touch screen technology is becoming more popular because of its ease-of-use,
proven reliability, expanded functionality, and decreasing cost.
This deals with the new technology named Touch Screen. By this, technology the
purpose means just in the name touch the screen and activate instructions. Instead
of the keyboard or mouse we can operate or stimulate an instruction or command
by touching on the screen by our finger.And through this seminars trying to explain
about the touch screen, the advantages and major marketing areas where the
touch screens used and some applications.This technology is nothing but software
with CPU like hardware and touch screen technology digital camera. This technology
will obviously bring much developments in the e-commerce sector.
The benefit of using such kiosks is to bring down human efforts and to increase the
customer services. The future development of wide area networks based on ISDN will
permit retailers to update their kiosks on a regular basis over night if necessary.
Customers will be able to carry out an increasing range of transactions using smart
Cables and Satalite as well as telephone lines, can be used to deliver information
and retail services to the home.
TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLOGY

This seminars deals with the new technology named ?Touch Screen?. By this, technology
the purpose means just in the name touch the screen and activate instructions. Instead of
the keyboard or mouse we can operate or stimulate an instruction or command by touching
on the screen by our finger.And through thisseminars I am trying to explain about the touch
screen, the advantages and major marketing areas where the touch screens used and some
applications.This technology is nothing but software with CPU like hardware and touch
screen technology digital camera. This technology will obviously bring much developments
in the e-commerce sector. The benefit of using such kiosks is to bring down human efforts
and to increase the customer services. The future development of wide area networks based
on ISDN will permit retailers to update their kiosks on a regular basis over night if
necessary. Customers will be able to carry out an increasing range of transactions using
smart Cables and Satalite as well as telephone lines, can be used to deliver information and
retail services to the home.

1 INTRODUCTION Touch Screens are display as well as input devices. These are
electronic visual devices that are sensitive to pressure thus detect the presence
and location of a touch within the display area. The screens are sensitive to

pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the
screen. The term Touch generally refers to touch or contact to the display of
the device by a finger or hand. Neonode has patented and commercialized the
zForce (an abbreviation for zero force necessary) touch technology, which was
designed to overcome many of the limitations of todays touchscreens. The
premise of the companys approach entails the projection of an infrared grid
across an electronic display. As users tap, swipe, or write on the screen, zforce
detects the location of the touch based on the Interruption in infrared light
projecting across the screen, which translates to coordinates on the grid. The
zforce architecture and input method is believed to be unique to Neonode. A
zforce Touch Screen can be activated by multiple modes of input, including bare
fingers, gloves, styluses, and (multiple simultaneous to touches).It is uncommon
today to find both pens as well as recognizes multi touch these features innately
built into the same touchscreen. This contact sends a signal to the device to
recognize the touch. Although relatively low cost, resistive touchscreens do not
typically allow multi-touch(swiping, gesturing). About Neonode Inc. : Neonode
Inc. is the leading provider of optical touch screen solutions for hand-held and
small to midsize devices. Neonode is offering software licenses and engineering
design services that enable companies to make high functionality touch screens
at a low cost. zForce is the name of Neonodes proprietary patented touch
screen technology. Neonode Inc. is listed on the OTCBB under the symbol
NEON.OB. Neonode is a trademark and zForce is a registered trademark of
Neonode Inc. zForce : Neonodes patented touch solution for portable devices,
zForce, is many times more cost effective than any other high performance touch
solution in the market today. zForce supports high resolution pen writing in
combination with finger navigation including gestures, multi-touch, sweeps and
much more. zForce doesnt require an overlay on top of the display window and
provide a 100% clear viewing experience. zForce is the only viable touch screen
solution that operates on the new revolutionary reflective display panels.
zForce is currently being integrated into a variety of mobile phones, eReaders,
automotive applications, mobile internet and tablet devices.
2. 2 HISTORY Touch screens originally emerged from academic and corporate
research labs in the second half of the 1960s. In 1971, the first "touch sensor"
was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of Elographics) while he was an
instructor at the University of Kentucky. This sensor was called the "Elograph"
and was patented by The University of Kentucky Research Foundation. One of the
first places where they gained some visibility was in the terminal of a computerassisted learning terminal that came out in 1972 as part of the PLATO project.
They have subsequently become familiar in kiosk systems, such as in retail and
tourist settings, on point of sale systems, on ATMs and on PDAs where a stylus is
sometimes used to manipulate the GUI and to enter data. The popularity of smart
phones, PDAs, portable game consoles and many types of information appliances
is driving the demand for, and the acceptance of, touchscreens. The HP-150 from
1983 can be considered as the world's earliest commercial touch screen
computer. It doesn't actually have a touch screen in the strict sense, but a 9"
Sony CRT surrounded by infrared transmitters and receivers which detect the
position of any nontransparent object on the screen. Until the early 1980s, most
consumer touch screens could only sense one point of contact at a time, and few
have had the capability to sense how hard one is touching. With
commercialization of touchscreens the technology used changed to multipoint
technology from dingle point. Historically, the touchscreen sensor and its
accompanying controller-based firmware have been made available by a wide

array of after-market system integrators and not by display, chip or motherboard

manufacturers. With time, however, display manufacturers and chip
manufacturers worldwide have acknowledged the trend toward acceptance of
touchscreens as a highly desirable 4 user interface component and have begun
to integrate touchscreen functionality into the fundamental design of their
products.
3. 3 CAPABILITY The Touch Screens come with a variety of definite advantages
over normal/conventional input-output devices. Some of them are : Easy to
use: This provides for a rich user interface experience as this supports for a very
intuitive easy to use environment and is facilitated by just a touch. Saves
space: In this world where cost of real estate [i.e., property prices] are sky
rocketing intelligent utilization of space is of great importance. Thus touch
screens facilitate for this by saving space of keyboard and this finds many
application in day today activities. Speed and Reliability: While laptops do come
with a mouse pad and a USB port to allow you to attach an external mouse to
your laptop for easier navigation, the amount of time spent to do simple
navigations with these devices are extremely slow as compared to simply
touching the screen and pointing directly at the option. Having a touchscreen
laptop would make navigation extremely faster and more reliable. No need to
worry about clicking the wrong option, especially if you are making transactions
over the Internet.
4. 4 COMPONENTS A basic touchscreen has three main components: a touch sensor,
a controller, and a software driver. The touchscreen is an input-output device, so it
needs to be combined with a display and a PC or other device to make a complete
touch input system. TOUCH SENSOR A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel
with a touch responsive surface. The touch sensor/panel is placed over a display
screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the viewable area of the
video screen. There are several different touch sensor technologies on the market
today, each using a different method to detect touch input. The sensor generally
has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a
voltage or signal 5 change. This voltage change is used to determine the location of
the touch to the screen. CONTROLLER The controller is a small PC card that
connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It takes information from the touch
sensor and translates it into information that PC can understand. The controller is
usually installed inside the monitor for integrated monitors or it is housed in a
plastic case for external touch add- ons/overlays. The controller determines what
type of interface/connection you will need on the PC. Integrated touch monitors will
have an extra cable connection on the back for the touchscreen. Controllers are
available that can connect to a Serial/COM port (PC) or to a USB port (PC or
Macintosh). Specialized controllers are also available that work with DVD players
and other devices. SOFTWARE DRIVER The driver is a software update for the PC
system that allows the touchscreen and computer to work together. It tells the
computer's operating system how to

5. 5 interpret the touch event information that is sent from the controller. Most
touch screen drivers today are a mouse emulation type driver. This makes touching
the screen the same as clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen. This

allows the touchscreen to work with existing software and allows new applications
to be developed without the need for touchscreen specific programming. Some
equipment such as thin client terminals, DVD players, and specialized computer
systems either do not use software drivers or they have their own built-in touch
screen driver.

6. 6 TYPES OF TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLOGIES I. RESISTIVE A resistive

touchscreen panel comprises several layers, the most important of which are two
thin, transparent electrically-resistive layers separated by a thin space. These
layers face each other with a thin gap between. The top screen (the screen that
is touched) has a coating on the underside surface of the screen. Just beneath it
is a similar resistive layer on top of its substrate. One layer has conductive
connections along its sides, the other along top and bottom. A voltage is applied
to one layer, and sensed by the other. When an object, such as a fingertip or
stylus tip, presses down onto the outer surface, the two layers touch to become
connected at that point: The panel then behaves as a pair of voltage dividers,
one axis at a time. By rapidly switching between each layer, the position of a
pressure on the screen can be read. Resistive touch is used in restaurants,
factories and hospitals due to its high resistance to liquids and contaminants. A
major benefit of resistive touch technology is its low cost. Additionally, as only
sufficient pressure is necessary for the touch to be sensed, they may be used
with gloves on, or by using anything rigid as a finger/stylus substitute.
Disadvantages include the need to press down, and a risk of damage by sharp
objects. Resistive touchscreens also suffer from poorer contrast, due to having
additional reflections from the extra layer of material placed over the screen.
7. 7 II. CAPACITIVE A capacitive touchscreen panel consists of an insulator such
as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The
human body is also an electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen
results in a distortion of the screens electrostatic field, measurable as a change
in capacitance. Different technologies may be used to determine the location of
the touch. The location is then sent to the controller for processing. Unlike a
resistive touchscreen, one cannot use a capacitive touchscreen through most
types of electrically insulating material, such as gloves. This disadvantage
especially affects usability in consumer electronics, such as touch tablet PCs and
capacitive smartphones in cold weather. It can be overcome with a special
capacitive stylus, or a special-application glove with an embroidered patch of
conductive thread passing through it and contacting the user's fingertip. The
largest capacitive display manufacturers continue to develop thinner and more
accurate touchscreens, with touchscreens for mobile devices now being
produced with 'in-cell' technology that eliminates a layer, such as Samsung's
Super AMOLED screens, by building the capacitors inside the display itself. A
simple parallel plate capacitor has two conductors separated by a dielectric layer.
Most of the energy in this system is concentrated directly between the plates.
Some of the energy spills over into the area outside the plates, and the electric
field lines associated with this effect are called fringing fields. A parallel plate
capacitor is not a good choice for such a sensor pattern. Placing a finger near
fringing electric fields adds conductive surface area to the capacitive system. The
additional charge storage capacity added by the finger is known as finger
capacitance, CF.
8. 8 III. PROJECTED CAPACITANCE Projected Capacitive Touch (PCT; also PCAP)
technology is a variant of capacitive touch technology. All PCT touch screens are

made up of a matrix of rows and columns of conductive material, layered on

sheets of glass. This can be done either by etching a single conductive layer to
form a grid pattern of electrodes, or by etching two separate, perpendicular
layers of conductive material with parallel lines or tracks to form a grid. Voltage
applied to this grid creates a uniform electrostatic field, which can be measured.
When a conductive object, such as a finger, comes into contact with a PCT panel,
it distorts the local electrostatic field at that point. This is measurable as a
change in capacitance. If a finger bridges the gap between two of the "tracks",
the charge field is further interrupted and detected by the controller. The
capacitance can be changed and measured at every individual point on the grid
(intersection). Therefore, this system is able to accurately track touches. Due to
the top layer of a PCT being glass, it is a more robust solution than less costly
resistive touch technology. Additionally, unlike traditional capacitive touch
technology, it is possible for a PCT system to sense a passive stylus or gloved
fingers. However, moisture on the surface of the panel, high humidity, or
collected dust can interfere with the performance of a PCT system. There are two
types of PCT: mutual capacitance and self-capacitance.
9. 9 IV. INFRARED In this technology infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) are
placed at the opposite edges to analyze the system and detect the touch event.
The LED and photo sensor pairs create a grid of light beams across the display.
An object (such as a finger or pen) that touches the screen interrupts the light
beams, causing a measured decrease in light at the corresponding photo
sensors. The measured photo sensor outputs can be used to locate a touch-point
coordinate. Widespread adoption of infrared touchscreens has been hampered by
two factors: the relatively high cost of the technology compared to competing
touch technologies and the issue of performance in bright ambient light. This
latter problem is a result of background light increasing the noise floor at the
optical sensor, sometimes to such a degree that the touchscreens LED light
cannot be detected at all, causing a temporary failure of the touch screen.
However, certain features of infrared touch remain desirable and represent
attributes of the ideal touchscreen, including the option to eliminate the glass or
plastic overlay that most other touch technologies require in front of the display.
In many cases, this overlay is coated with an electrically conducting transparent
material such as indium-tin oxide (ITO), which reduces the optical quality of the
display. This advantage of optical touchscreens is extremely important for many
device and display vendors since devices are often sold on the perceived quality
of the user display experience. Another feature of infrared touch which has been
long desired is the digital nature of the sensor output when compared to many
other touch systems that rely on analog-signal processing to determine a touch
position.
10. 10 V. ZFORCE TOUCHSCREEN TECHNOLOGY Neonode overcomes limitations
of both resistive and capacitive screens with its zForce technology creating a
next-generation touch surface that the Company believes can be more
economical as well as higher performing than either of the main technologies in
use today. Currently, projected-capacitance touch screens represent the
mainstream technology for multi-touch interfaces. However, zForce also
enables the convenient multi-touch features of capacitive screens but at the cost
structure of more affordable resistive technologies. Further, as overviewed on, in
February 2012, the Company introduced a new Multi Sense component to the
zForce technology that is intended to improve upon standard multi-touch
processes. In contrast to capacitive and resistive screens, which have
microscopic circuits embedded on a glass substrate, Neonodes controller

projects a grid of infrared light beams across the display layer. Importantly, the
Companys technology is display agnostic and can be added to variety of display
surfaces, including liquid-crystal display (LCD), eink, organic Light emitting
diodes (OLED),and electronic paper displays (EPD). Touch is detected as a finger
or object interrupts (by obstructing or reflecting) the light beams projected across
the screen
11. 11 surface, which identifies the X and Y coordinates of the touch. As
illustrated in Figure 11, there is no glass substrate or glass overlay required. A
plastic light guide is located under the bezel on top of the display. It serves to
reflect and focus light are shown attached to a around the zForce display. LEDs
and photo diodes printed circuit board (PCB) display. The zForce Technology
pulses an infrared light across the screen at a rate of up to 120 times a second so
the grid is continuously refreshed. As the users fingers move across the screen,
the grids coordinates where the screen is touched are converted into
mathematical algorithms in a process that is unique to Neonode. The newer and
higher-cost capacitive technology, such as that used on Apple Inc.s (AAPL
NASDAQ) iPhone, is activated by conductive material rather than applied
pressure. Electrodes in the display contact with an electrical conductor, such as a
finger. Capacitive devices perform multi touch but cannot be activated by
standard pointers or gloves as these are nonconductive.. As a result, many users
find that their touchscreen can recognize taps from their fingers but not finger
nails. zTouch is a Force Based touch screen technology. One of the key
advantages of force based touch screen technologies is that as the applied touch
force is used for determining the touch coordinates, the touch system will, and
must, also accurately know the magnitude of the user's touch at any given
moment of time. The touch system output is therefore based on 3-variables; xand y- coordinates and the "z-coordinate" (force level). Many companies and
organizations have explored the concept of force-based touch screen
technologies over the last 30+ years, but few have been able to bring the
theoretical concepts or laboratory prototypes into working commercial products.
Where others have failed, F-Origin has succeeded.
12. 12 F-Origin's earliest implementation was a 4" touch panel for a GSM
Smartphone. This phone was in many ways ahead of its time, featuring motion
and touch control and a Java based OS, but was unfortunately only produced in a
few thousand units. F-Origin has since further developed the zTouch touch
screen product to allow for a broad range of product applications, such as POS
and POI monitors, oversized touch monitors, indoor & outdoor kiosks, refrigerator
and oven control panels, bezel and bezel-less designs and much more. F-Origin's
zTouch touch screen technology is built on three competence areas; mechanical
design, sensor technology, and software / algorithms. To ensure high accuracy,
the force sensor must be extremely precise, linear and sensitive. F- Origin has
jointly developed a piezo-resistive force sensor that meets these requirements.
While the FFS force sensor capture the data and the mechanical design ensures
an optimal transfer of the touch force from the touch media (touch screen, touch
panel) to the force sensors, it is the zTouch software and underlying
mathematical algorithms that ensures performance and accurate coordinate
calculation in the system. The firmware of the default zTouch implementation
runs on STM32F101 and STM32F103 family of ST Micro MCUs, however, other
MCUs can be supported.
13. 13 The main tasks of the zTouch firmware are to record & filter the sensor
data, optimize, compensate & calculate the touch coordinates, and to
communicate the touch coordinates. Technology Diagram The zTouch

architecture is highly flexible and supports touch systems using at least one (1),
and up to eight (8) force sensors. The functional modules of the firmware
includes data filtering and data correction, initial coordinate calculation, zero
moment calculation and auto calibration, motion compensation, touch threshold
determination and data export. Additional support functions, such as the
initialization function allows for certain values and thresholds to be set or
manipulated by user, or even the applications. For example the required force
levels for a touch or a click. Specific end-user calibration module is currently not
supported as a standard configuration, although it can be if requested.
14. 14 FEATURES OF zFORCE TOUCHSCREEN Support for any type of touch:
User input is recorded independent of what the user is touching the screen with,
e.g., finger with or without glove, pen, stylus, credit card etc. Durability: Touch
surface/lens is as durable as the system/application requires. No membrane to
wear so routine cleaning procedures and materials can be used without concern.
Environmental robustness: Moisture/dust resistance as well as the ability to
filter out and ignore weather and contaminants is another benefit of the design
and positive impact to no membrane layer or bezel-based optics and electronics.
Bezel or Bezel-less designs are available. Optical Performance: Optical
performance is enhanced compared to typical surface-based touch systems
because there is no surface membrane to restrict light transmission. Better
clarity and light throughput enhances viewing experience as well as potentially
reducing backlighting thereby saving system energy usage as well.
Configurable force sensitivity levels: With most of the systems intelligence
resident in the software, it is simple to adjust force levels (sensitivity) for different
users or applications. This is useful in setting the minimum pressure necessary to
register a particular touch, gesture, or key press. For example, a light touch may
highlight or select a key, while a harder press could be required to record the key
press. Lens or touch surface design freedom: As long as the lens/touch surface
is rigid, any material may be selected. The shape of the surface could also be
non-rectangular and it may even have 3-dimensional features or topography
such as raised or lowered areas for key orientation effects or Braille character
support. Gesture Support: The zTouch touch screen will register single points,
such as key presses, as well as line drawings and gestures, making this solution
optimal for gesture inputs, drawing, and handwriting recognition applications.
Affordable: The zTouch technology is also very cost effective/competitive,
especially for larger volumes, as the cost for unique components and sensors is
comparatively low.
15. 15 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ZFORCE Infrared touch screen is a touch frame
which is usually installed in front of the display screen. The frame is integrated with
printed circuit board which contains a line of IR-LEDs and photo transistors hidden
behind the bezel of the touch frame. Each of IR-LEDs and photo transistors is set on
the opposite sides to create a grid of invisible infrared light. The bezel shields the
parts from the operation environment while allowing the IR beams to pass through.
The infrared Touch Screen controller sequentially pulses less to create a grid of IR
light beams. When a user touches the screen ,enters the grid by a stylus which can
interrupt the IR light beams, the photo transistors from x and Y axes detect the IR
light beams which have been interrupted and transmit exact signals that identify
the X and Y axes coordinates to the host. An array of infrared LEDs are used to track
where fingers on the screen are the drawback of this kind of technology is that a
raised bezel is places around the screen. This raised bezel houses an array of
infrared LEDs and sensors. The new technology has already been licensed to

companies to use this technology. The swips company has noted that power
consumption is as low as 1mw at 100hz. battery life of tablets devices will benefit
from such a new type of touch screen. ims response times are quite possible with
this new technology and there is little to no lag.
16. 16 ADVANTAGES Long service life Long battery life Can be scaled to any
size without losing resolution scratch, breakage, and liquid resistance Touch
can be activated by anything including finger, gloved hand, or stylus. Avoid
accidental touch
17. 17 CONCLUSION The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further
in this technology that is conceived and promoted by the company Neonode.
Implementation of this technology into practical use would be worth for economic
making touchscreen scratch and liquid resistance and we will proceed towards a
better, faster technology. The concept of zForce technology is currently attracting
a great deal of interest, not least because it may offer a genuine and very
efficient alternative to other traditional outdated touchscreens.
18. 18 REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonode
http://www.neonode.com/zforce/
www.ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/September2013/V2I9201321.pdf
www.prezi.com/wo2m0a9ne9n9/zforce-touch-screen www.neonode.com
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/neonode www.engadget.com/tag/neonode
Recommended
More from User
Conclusion

Conclusion
Neonodes optical infrared touch technologyzForcecan be
integrated into consumer and industrial electronics to enable touch
controls.
The Company seeks to compete with low-cost resistive touch options
while outperforming todays advanced capacitive touch solutions.
To do so, Neonode strives to effectively combine the advantages of
each technology into one streamlined solution.
Keeping costs low for customers is imperative for Neonode, as

is enabling the development of devices that have 100% optical

transparency for a clear viewing experience without reflection.
The Companys proprietary architecture innately offers these benefits
by reducing the amount of glass required in the manufacture of touch
screens

Neonode Multisensing technology provides a far more augmented and profound user experience than
traditional touch. This cutting-edge technology uses light with zero latency, at very high speed. It senses
any object and identifies its size, the pressure, depth, speed and the proximity to any surface.
Neonode's Multisensing tech is built on Neonode's patented optical 2D multi touch solution, zForce,
which is already implemented in millions of proven touch consumer devices on the market.

With zForce technology, any kind of screen or display is often used. In fact, zForce technology works
with any surface flat, spherical or the other shape. Another advantage is that any kind of object can
be used a finger or a stylus, fingernails, a car key, ordinary pens and gloves.
zForce technology consists of a group of infrared emitters and detectors, an optical light guide,
control software and control electronics. The emitters pulse infrared light just above the touch

surface. A change in detected light represents an object touch. By combining these measured values
from more than one detector, the object size and touch position can be calculated. zForce
technologies are often used to determine actions like sweeps and gestures.

With zForce technology enabled touch screens you enjoy complete freedom of design as theres no
demand for glass or plastic film overlays on top of the display screen. The result is a 100% optical
transparency with improved image quality and reduced glare.
Neonode overcomes limitations of both capacitive and resistive screens with the zForce technology,
making a next-generation touch surface that the company believes will be more economical as well
as higher performing than either of the most technologies in use these days. Currently, projectedcapacitance touch screens represent the mainstream technology for multi-touch interfaces. However,
zForce also allows the convenient multi-touch features of capacitive screens but at the cost structure
of more cost-effective resistive technologies.
Now let us see some of the benefits of zForce touch screen technology:
o

100% light transmission.

Long service life.

Can be changed to any size without losing resolution.

High chemical, breakage, scratch, and liquid resistance.

Touch is often activated by anything including gloved hand, stylus, or finger

zForce technology includes a touch resolution of 250 DPI that allows precision writing with
thin objects like a pen or a stylus. zForce technology is created for operating temperatures
starting from -40C to +85C that allows usage in terribly harsh environments. The control

software includes other functions such as advanced algorithms that calibrate the system by
adjusting the ability to the emitters.

Zforce drive
Touch and touch less controls
Both center stack, side-stack, steering wheel buttons and switches, as well
as rotary controls can be enhanced or replaced with MultiSensing technology.
Adding a touch layer on top of a button based panel will track driver
intention and could add an extra dimension to the interaction. Entirely
replacing buttons with touch or touchless proximity means cheaper and more
hygienic interaction. The lack of moving parts also means a longer life-span
and less maintenance.

zForce Drive steering wheel

The increasing amount of technology being incorporated into cars leads to an
increasing safety issue due to driver distraction. zForce Drive Steering Wheel
allows the driver to keep both hands on the steering wheel and the eyes on
the road.
The sensors allow the car to know exactly where on the wheel the driver has
his hands at any given moment. Its a scalable and versatile HMI toolbox that
can integrate seamlessly with the center stack and Head Up Display or
even replace the center stack altogether. This opens up new degrees of
freedom for innovative cockpit design and enables a safer and more intuitive
user experience.

Hands on the wheel, eyes on the road

HUD enabler, cost saver, new designs

Minimize driver distraction

The ability to interact on any surface opens up entirely new degrees of

freedom in the design for experience field leather, wood, plastic or even
marble. Visible light can be added in the patented light guide solution to use
it as a visual display and. Neonodes technology can also integrate with most
systems for hap tic feedback.

Touch anything bringing interaction technology all interface controls

Touch on mechanical buttons

Soft buttons

Gesture and proximity detection

Feedback through bezel, ambient light, and hap tics integration

Touch screen seminar topic explains about how touch screen works,
Touch sensors, Controller, Software Drivers, Touch screen technology, and
types of touch screen.
Touch screen is a electronic glass surface which can detect signals from hand
or stylus when touched on the glass surface. Hardware and software
components are linked with touch screen to perform operations. Touch screen
is mostly used in smart phones, all in one computers and tablet.
Touch sensor, controller and software drivers are basic components of touch
screen.
Touch sensor:Touch sensor is a transparent glass like electronic surface which can detect
signals from hands or other passive objects like stylus. Touch sensors are
connected to processor to take signals and perform operation.