9 Chem Unit 3 New

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CHEMISTRY FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 3)
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SHORT QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Why the need was felt to classify the Before 20th century, only 23 elements
element
were known. These elements could be
studied easily. But with the passage of
time 109 elements were discovered.
Therefore they are classified into groups
for their systematic and easier study.
What information we get from periodic
We can predict properties of
table
elements.
We can relate the reactivity of
elements
We can predict the formation of
ionic or covalent bond between
various elements.
What is the basis of arrangement of Moseley discovered atomic number in
elements in periodic table?
1913. After this, elements are arranged in
the order of increasing atomic number.
Define periodic table
A table showing systematic arrangement
of elements is called period table.
Define periodic law
The physical and chemical properties of
elements are the periodic function of their
atomic number.
How many blocks are there in periodic There are four blocks in periodic table. Stable
block, p-block, d-block and f-block
Why normal elements are called s-block The normal elements are present in s and
or p-block
p blocks. Elements of group 1 and 2 have
valence electrons in s sub shell and
elements of group 3-A to 8-A receive
their valence electrons in p sub shell.
What are groups
Vertical columns of elements in the
periodic table are called groups.
Why elements are arranged in a group?
Elements
with
similar
electronic
configuration and properties are placed in
the same group.
Write names of following groups
I-A = Alkali metals
II-A = Alkaline earth metals
VII-A = Halogens
VIII-A = Nobel gases
How can we classify elements into s and p Elements of group 1 and 2 have valence
blocks by looking at the position of their electrons in s sub shell. Their shall
valence electrons in the sub shell s or p?
configuration is ns1 and ns2, where n is
the number of period.
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How we can write the valence shell

electronic configuration of an element
from its position in the period table.
Define Shielding Effect
How shielding effect changes in

a) Down the group
b) Along the period
How can you identify an element whose

atoms have greater shielding effect than
the other?
Define Atomic size or atomic radius
Why atomic size decreases in a period
and increase in a group
Similarly elements of group III-A to VIIIA are called p-block elements because
their valence electrons lie in p sub shell.
Their outer most configuration is ns2, np16
etc.
The position of an element in the periodic
table clearly indicates its period and
group numbers. This information helps us
to write its valence shell electronic
configuration.
The reduction in force of attraction
between
nucleus and the
valence
electrons by the electrons present in the
inner sub-shells is called shielding effect.
Down the group:
Shielding effect increases down the group
because number of electronic shells
increases down the group. Hence number
electrons in the inner shell also increase.
Along the period:
Shielding effect remains constant along
the period because as we move from left
to right in a period, the number of
electrons in the inner shells remains
constant.
We can identify which atom has greater
shielding effect than other by finding their
relative position in the periodic table.
The average distance between the
nucleus of the atom and its outmost shell
is called atomic size or atomic radius
Atomic radii decrease from left to right in
a period.
Reasons:
i)
Due to increasing nuclear charge,
the outermost shell comes closer to
the nucleus
ii)
The number of shells remains same
iii)
Shielding effect remains the same
Atomic size increases from top to bottom
in a group
Reasons:
i)
Number of shells increases down
the group.
ii)
Shielding effect increases down the
group.
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What is ionization energy?
What is trend of ionization energy in

periodic table.
What is Electron Affinity
Explain the variations in electron affinity
in periods and groups
What is electro-negativity?
What is trend of electro-negativity in
periodic table
What is the number of elements in each

period?
What is periodicity of properties.
It is the minimum energy required to

remove the most loosely held electron
from the valence shell of an isolated
gaseous atom. Its unit is KJ/mol
Ionization energy decreases down the
groups.
Ionization energy increases left to right in
periods.
It is the amount of energy releases when
an electron is added up in the outermost
shell of an isolated gaseous atom.
Electron affinity increase from left to right
in periods due to increase in nuclear
charge and decrease in atomic radius.
Electron affinity decreases down the
group due to increase in atomic size and
shielding effect.
The ability of an atom to attract the
shared pair of electrons towards itself in a
molecule is called electro-negativity.
Electro-negativity increases from left to
right in a period because increasing
nuclear charge reduces the distance of
the shared pair of electrons from the
nucleus.
Electro-negativity decreases from top to
bottom in groups because atomic size
decreases the tendency to attract the
shared pair of electron.
First period contains only two elements
2nd & 3rd periods contain 8 elements each.
4th & 5th periods contain 18 elements
each. 6th period is the longest period that
contains 32 elements. 7th period is
incomplete and contains 23 elements.
Systematic variation of physical and
chemical properties in groups and periods
is called periodicity of properties.
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LONG QUESTIONS
Question: Discuss in detail the periods in periodic table?
i.
Types of periods:
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods. There are seven
periods in the periodic table. The first three periods are called short periods and
the remaining four are called long periods.
ii.
Numbering of Periods:
The periods are numbered according to the number of shell of these elements.
For example first period has only one shell second has two and all the elements
of third period have three shells and so on.
iii.
Number of elements in each period:
First period contains only two elements 2nd & 3rd periods contain 8 elements
each. 4th & 5th periods contain 18 elements each. 6th period is the longest period
that contains 32 elements. 7th period is incomplete and contains 23 elements.
iv.
Patter of properties:
The physical and chemical properties of the elements within a period change
gradually as we move from left to within it. The same pattern of properties is
repeated within the next period also.
Question: How periods are formed in the periodic table. Explain with the help
of valence shell electronic configuration of elements.
Elements are arranged according to their increasing atomic number in periods from
left to right. While elements having similar properties and electronic configuration are
placed in vertical columns called groups.
Explanation of periods of the periodic Table:
1st Period:
First period contains only two elements, that is, hydrogen and helium. Both these
elements have valence electron in K shell which cannot have two electrons. As K shell
is completed at the so the period also ends at it.
2nd Period:
Lithium (2,1) has one electron in L shell, so 2nd period begins with Li. Since L shell
can accommodate 8 electrons, so eight elements come in the 2nd period. This period
ends at Ne which ash eight electrons in L shell (2s2, 2p6).
3rd Period:
Next element sodium (2, 8, 1) has a valence electron in the 3rd shell. Its valence
shell electronic configuration is 3s1, which is similar to the electronic configurai0n of Li
(2s1). Therefore, sodium is placed under lithium in group 1A. Magnesium (3s2) comes
under Be (2s2). In a similar way next six elements come under B, C, N, O, F and Ne
respectively. This period completes at Ar (3S2, 3p6).
4th Period:
Next element potassium (2, 8, 8, 1) has 4s1 electronic configuration in the valence
shell which is similar to Na (3s1). So K comes under Na and the 4th period begins with
K. From the above examples we have notice that the elements having similar valence
shell configuration falls in the same group. These elements have similar properties
also.
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Question: What is meant by periodicity of properties. Explain in detail.

Periodicity:
Systematic variation of physical and chemical properties in groups and periods is
called periodicity of properties.
Explanation:
We know that the properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic
numbers.
Chemical properties depend on the valence shell electronic configuration.
As all the elements of a particular group have similar electronic configuration,
they possess similar chemical properties.
Physical properties depend on the sizes of atoms.
Since sizes o atoms change gradually from to bottom in a group, therefore,
physical properties of elements also change gradually down the group.
Similarly the elements show variation in their physical and chemical properties
in a period because the number of valence electrons increase gradually from left
to right.
Question: From the development of the periodic table how can you conclude
that scientists can build on one an others work?
Newlands concept:
In 1864, John Newland, and English chemist arranged 24 elements in order of
increasing atomic masses.
He noticed that every eighth element, starting from any point, has similar
properties.
His scheme however, failed because many elements were found out of place in
his arrangement. For instance Ti does not resemble C and Si, Mn does not
resemble N and P and Fe does not resemble O and S.
Mendeleevs concept:
In 1869, Mendeleev, a Russian chemist developed a classification scheme of
elements.
Arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic masses formed basis for
later classification of elements.
He recognized that if elements were placed in order of increasing atomic mass,
the properties of elements repeated at regular intervals.
He arranged 65 elements in periods and groups.
Development of the periodic table nicely explains how scientists can build on
one another work.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.

Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net

How we can write the valence shell

How shielding effect changes in

How can you identify an element whose

Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net

What is ionization energy?

What is trend of ionization energy in

What is the number of elements in each

What is periodicity of properties.

It is the minimum energy required to

Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net

Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net

Question: What is meant by periodicity of properties. Explain in detail.

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