Physics I Problems PDF

466
CHAPTER 14 Periodic Motion
of the motion the spring has its natural unstretched length. Calculate the elastic potential energy of the spring (take it to be zero for
the unstretched spring), the kinetic energy of the cat, the gravitational potential energy of the system relative to the lowest point
of the motion, and the sum of these three energies when the cat is
(a) at its highest point; (b) at its lowest point; (c) at its equilibrium
position.
14.39 .. A 1.50-kg ball and a 2.00-kg ball are glued together with
the lighter one below the heavier one. The upper ball is attached to
a vertical ideal spring of force constant 165 N>m, and the system
is vibrating vertically with amplitude 15.0 cm. The glue connecting the balls is old and weak, and it suddenly comes loose when
the balls are at the lowest position in their motion. (a) Why is the
glue more likely to fail at the lowest point than at any other point in
the motion? (b) Find the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations
after the lower ball has come loose.
14.40 .. A uniform, solid metal disk of mass 6.50 kg and diameter 24.0 cm hangs in a horizontal plane, supported at its center by a
vertical metal wire. You nd that it requires a horizontal force of
4.23 N tangent to the rim of the disk to turn it by 3.34, thus twisting the wire. You now remove this force and release the disk from
rest. (a) What is the torsion constant for the metal wire? (b) What
are the frequency and period of the torsional oscillations of the
disk? (c) Write the equation of motion for u1t2 for the disk.
14.41 .. A certain alarm clock ticks four times each second,
with each tick representing half a period. The balance wheel consists of a thin rim with radius 0.55 cm, connected to the balance
staff by thin spokes of negligible mass. The total mass of the balance wheel is 0.90 g. (a) What is the moment of inertia of the balance wheel about its shaft? (b) What is the torsion constant of the
coil spring (Fig. 14.19)?
14.42 . A thin metal disk with Figure E14.42
mass 2.00 * 10 -3 kg and radius
2.20 cm is attached at its center
to a long ber (Fig. E14.42).
The disk, when twisted and
released, oscillates with a period
of 1.00 s. Find the torsion conR
stant of the ber.
14.43 .. You want to nd the
moment of inertia of a complicated machine part about an axis through its center of mass. You
suspend it from a wire along this axis. The wire has a torsion constant of 0.450 N # m>rad. You twist the part a small amount about
this axis and let it go, timing 125 oscillations in 265 s. What is the
moment of inertia you want to nd?
14.44 .. CALC The balance wheel of a watch vibrates with an
angular amplitude , angular frequency v, and phase angle
f = 0. (a) Find expressions for the angular velocity du>dt and
angular acceleration d 2u>dt 2 as functions of time. (b) Find the balance wheels angular velocity and angular acceleration when its
angular displacement is , and when its angular displacement is
>2 and u is decreasing. (Hint: Sketch a graph of u versus t.)
Section 14.5 The Simple Pendulum
14.45 .. You pull a simple pendulum 0.240 m long to the side

through an angle of 3.50 and release it. (a) How much time does it
take the pendulum bob to reach its highest speed? (b) How much
time does it take if the pendulum is released at an angle of 1.75
instead of 3.50?
14.46 . An 85.0-kg mountain climber plans to swing down, starting from rest, from a ledge using a light rope 6.50 m long. He holds
one end of the rope, and the other end is tied higher up on a rock
face. Since the ledge is not very far from the rock face, the rope
makes a small angle with the vertical. At the lowest point of his
swing, he plans to let go and drop a short distance to the ground.
(a) How long after he begins his swing will the climber rst reach
his lowest point? (b) If he missed the rst chance to drop off, how
long after rst beginning his swing will the climber reach his lowest point for the second time?
14.47 . A building in San Francisco has light xtures consisting
of small 2.35-kg bulbs with shades hanging from the ceiling at the
end of light, thin cords 1.50 m long. If a minor earthquake occurs,
how many swings per second will these xtures make?
14.48 . A Pendulum on Mars. A certain simple pendulum has
a period on the earth of 1.60 s. What is its period on the surface of
Mars, where g = 3.71 m>s2 ?
14.49 . After landing on an unfamiliar planet, a space explorer
constructs a simple pendulum of length 50.0 cm. She nds that the
pendulum makes 100 complete swings in 136 s. What is the value
of g on this planet?
14.50 .. A small sphere with mass m is attached to a massless rod
of length L that is pivoted at the top, forming a simple pendulum.
The pendulum is pulled to one side so that the rod is at an angle
from the vertical, and released from rest. (a) In a diagram, show
the pendulum just after it is released. Draw vectors representing
the forces acting on the small sphere and the acceleration of the
sphere. Accuracy counts! At this point, what is the linear acceleration of the sphere? (b) Repeat part (a) for the instant when the pendulum rod is at an angle >2 from the vertical. (c) Repeat part (a)
for the instant when the pendulum rod is vertical. At this point,
what is the linear speed of the sphere?
14.51 . A simple pendulum 2.00 m long swings through a maximum angle of 30.0 with the vertical. Calculate its period
(a) assuming a small amplitude, and (b) using the rst three terms
of Eq. (14.35). (c) Which of the answers in parts (a) and (b) is
more accurate? For the one that is less accurate, by what percent is
it in error from the more accurate answer?
Section 14.6 The Physical Pendulum
14.52 .. We want to hang a thin hoop on a horizontal nail and

have the hoop make one complete small-angle oscillation each 2.0 s.
What must the hoops radius be?
14.53 . A 1.80-kg connecting Figure E14.53
rod from a car engine is pivoted
about a horizontal knife edge as
shown in Fig. E14.53. The center
of gravity of the rod was located
d 5 0.200 m
by balancing and is 0.200 m
from the pivot. When the rod is
cg
set into small-amplitude oscillation, it makes 100 complete
swings in 120 s. Calculate the
moment of inertia of the rod
about the rotation axis through
the pivot.
14.54 .. A 1.80-kg monkey wrench is pivoted 0.250 m from its
center of mass and allowed to swing as a physical pendulum. The
period for small-angle oscillations is 0.940 s. (a) What is the
moment of inertia of the wrench about an axis through the pivot?
(b) If the wrench is initially displaced 0.400 rad from its equilibrium position, what is the angular speed of the wrench as it passes
through the equilibrium position?

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466

CHAPTER 14 Periodic Motion

Section 14.5 The Simple Pendulum

14.45 .. You pull a simple pendulum 0.240 m long to the side

Section 14.6 The Physical Pendulum

14.52 .. We want to hang a thin hoop on a horizontal nail and

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