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    Entropy Test

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    SahanNivantha
    1. The reaction between chemicals M and N occurs spontaneously at room temperature. This means that the total entropy change (ΔSӨ total) must be positive for the reaction to be spontaneous at room temperature. 2. Calcium carbonate decomposes at high temperature to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. At room temperature, calcium carbonate is stable because the entropy change of the system (ΔS system) is negative, making the reaction non-spontaneous. 3. 2-methylpropane has a smaller standard molar entropy than butane because 2-methylpropane has fewer ways of distributing energy quanta among its molecules.

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    Entropy Test

    Uploaded by

    SahanNivantha
    460 views9 pages
    1. The reaction between chemicals M and N occurs spontaneously at room temperature. This means that the total entropy change (ΔSӨ total) must be positive for the reaction to be spontaneous at room temperature. 2. Calcium carbonate decomposes at high temperature to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. At room temperature, calcium carbonate is stable because the entropy change of the system (ΔS system) is negative, making the reaction non-spontaneous. 3. 2-methylpropane has a smaller standard molar entropy than butane because 2-methylpropane has fewer ways of distributing energy quanta among its molecules.

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    1. The reaction between chemicals M and N occurs spontaneously at room temperature. This means that the total entropy change (ΔSӨ total) must be positive for the reaction to be spontaneous at room temperature. 2. Calcium carbonate decomposes at high temperature to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. At room temperature, calcium carbonate is stable because the entropy change of the system (ΔS system) is negative, making the reaction non-spontaneous. 3. 2-methylpropane has a smaller standard molar entropy than butane because 2-methylpropane has fewer ways of distributing energy quanta among its molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    460 views9 pages

    Entropy Test

    Uploaded by

    SahanNivantha
    1. The reaction between chemicals M and N occurs spontaneously at room temperature. This means that the total entropy change (ΔSӨ total) must be positive for the reaction to be spontaneous at room temperature. 2. Calcium carbonate decomposes at high temperature to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. At room temperature, calcium carbonate is stable because the entropy change of the system (ΔS system) is negative, making the reaction non-spontaneous. 3. 2-methylpropane has a smaller standard molar entropy than butane because 2-methylpropane has fewer ways of distributing energy quanta among its molecules.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    ENTROPY

    TEST 2
    1

    The overall equation for a reaction between two chemicals, M and N, is

    M + 2N P + Q
    (a) This reaction occurs spontaneously at room temperature. Which of the following must be
    true?
    (1)
    A H reaction is positive.
    B H reaction is negative.
    C S total is positive.
    D S total is negative.

    Calcium carbonate decomposes at high temperature to form calcium oxide and

    carbon dioxide:
    CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
    Calcium carbonate is thermodynamically stable at room temperature because for this
    reaction
    A the activation energy is high.
    B the enthalpy change, H, is positive.
    C entropy change of the system (S system) is positive.
    D entropy change of the system (S system) is negative.

    2-methylpropane has a smaller standard molar entropy at 298 K than butane. The

    best explanation for this is that 2-methylpropane has


    A a lower boiling temperature.
    B a higher standard molar enthalpy change of formation.
    C fewer ways of distributing energy quanta.
    D more ways of distributing energy quanta.

    Which of the following is true for the exothermic reaction shown below?

    Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)


    1

    A H positive
    B S surroundings positive
    C S system negative
    D S total negative

    Which reaction has the most positive entropy change for the system, S system?

    A NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)


    B AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
    C C2H4(g) + HCl(g) C2H5Cl(l)
    D C4H10(g) C2H4(g) + C2H6(g)

    Barium carbonate decomposes in an endothermic reaction when heated to 1500 K.

    BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g)


    What are the signs of the entropy changes at 1500 K?

    (a) You will need to refer to the data booklet in the calculations which follow.

    You should also use the values given below.

    (i) Calculate the standard entropy change of the system, S system, for the following
    reaction at 298 K. Include a sign and units in your answer. (2)
    C6H8O7(s) + 3NaHCO3(s) Na3C6H5O7(s) + 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

    *(ii) Explain how the sign of your answer to (b)(i) could be predicted from the equation for the
    reaction between citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate. (2)
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________

    (iii) Given that H 298 for the reaction shown in (b)(i) is +70 kJ mol1, calculate the
    standard entropy change of the surroundings, S surroundings, for this reaction at 298 K.
    Include a sign and units in your answer.
    (2)

    (iv) Calculate the total entropy change, S total, for this reaction at 298 K.
    (1)

    (v) What does the sign of S total suggest about this reaction at 298 K?
    (1)

    The equation for the combustion of hydrogen is

    H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l)


    (a) Use the standard molar entropies on page 2 and page 25 of the data booklet to calculate
    the standard entropy change of the system (S system) for this reaction.
    Note that the standard molar entropies of the elements are given per atom so that the
    standard molar entropy of oxygen, S [O2(g)] = +102.5 J mol1 K1.
    (3)
    4

    (b) The standard enthalpy change for the combustion of hydrogen is 285.8 kJ mol1. Use
    this value to calculate the entropy change of the surroundings for the combustion of
    hydrogen at 298 K. Give your answer to 3 significant figures and include a sign and units.
    (3)

    (c) Use your answers to (a) and (b) to calculate the total entropy

    change (S total)

    for the combustion of 1 mol of hydrogen. Include a sign and units in your answer.
    (2)

    *(d) By considering both the thermodynamic stability and the kinetic inertness of a mixture of
    hydrogen and oxygen, explain why hydrogen does not react with oxygen unless ignited.
    (2)

    (a) Crystals of hydrated cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl2.6H2O, lose water when they are

    heated, forming anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl2.


    CoCl2.6H2O(s) CoCl2(s) + 6H2O(l)
    (i) Calculate the entropy change of the system, S system, at 298 K. Include a sign and
    units in your answer. You will need to refer to your data booklet.
    (2)
    5

    (ii) Explain whether the sign of your answer to (a)(i) is as expected from the equation for the
    reaction.
    (1)
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________

    (iii) The standard enthalpy change for the reaction, H is +88.1kJ mol1.
    Calculate the entropy change in the surroundings, S surroundings, at 298 K for this
    reaction. Include a sign and units in your answer.
    (2)

    (iv) Calculate the total entropy change, S total, at 298 K for the reaction.
    (1)

    (v) Does your answer to (a)(iv) indicate whether hydrated cobalt(II) chloride can be stored at
    298 K without decomposition? Explain your answer.
    (1)
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________

    (b) A student attempted to measure the enthalpy change of solution of anhydrous cobalt(II)
    chloride by adding 2.00 g of cobalt(II) chloride to 50.0 cm3 of water in a well-insulated
    container. A temperature rise of 1.5 C was recorded.
    The student used a balance which reads to 0.01g, a 50.0 cm3 pipette, and a thermometer
    which can be read to 0.25 C.
    6

    (i) Which measuring instrument should be changed to give a result which is closer to the
    accepted value? Justify your answer.
    (2)
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________

    (ii) Suggest ONE other change the student could make to give a result which is closer to the
    accepted value. Justify your suggestion.
    (2)
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________
    10

    Hydrogen can be manufactured by reacting methane with steam, as shown in the

    equation below.
    CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g) H 298 = +206.1kJ mol1
    Use these values:
    the standard entropy of 1 mol of H2(g) is (2 X 65.3) = 130.6 J mol1K1
    the standard entropy of 1 mol of H2O(g) is 188.7 J mol1K1
    You will also need to refer to the data booklet in the calculations which follow.
    (a) Calculate the standard entropy change of the system, S system, for this reaction at
    298 K.
    (2)

    (b) Calculate

    the

    standard

    entropy

    change

    of

    the

    surroundings,

    surroundings, for this reaction at 298 K. Include a sign and units in your answer.
    (2)
    7

    (c) Calculate the total entropy change, S total, for this reaction at 298 K.
    Explain why this value shows that the reaction is not spontaneous at this temperature.
    (2)

    (d) The composition of an equilibrium mixture produced at 2.0 atmospheres pressure and at
    a much higher temperature is shown below.
    CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)
    Amount in equilibrium

    0.80

    0.80

    1.20

    3.60

    mixture / mol

    (i) The total entropy change in J mol1 K1 is related to the equilibrium constant by the
    equation
    S total = RlnKp or S total = 2.3R log Kp
    Calculate the total entropy change at the temperature of the reaction.
    [R = 8.31 J mol1 K1]
    (1)

    (ii) Calculate the temperature at which this equilibrium is reached using your answer to (ii) for
    S total. Assume that H is still +206.1 kJ mol1 and that Ssystem = +225 J K1
    mol1. (This is not the same as the value for S system calculated in (a) which is at 298
    K.)
    8

    (2)

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