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    Principles of Biology II: Review - Final Exam

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    Pandamonium52
    This document provides an overview of the chapters covered in the final exam for Principles of Biology II. It summarizes the key topics from chapters 28-30 and 35-36 including: the five supergroups of eukaryotes; the life cycles of protists and plants; the evolution of land plants and seed plants; plant structure, growth and development; and resource acquisition and transport in vascular plants. Reproduction in angiosperms, plant biotechnology, and the mechanisms of short and long-distance transport in plants are also addressed.

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    Principles of Biology II: Review - Final Exam

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    Pandamonium52
    70 views2 pages
    This document provides an overview of the chapters covered in the final exam for Principles of Biology II. It summarizes the key topics from chapters 28-30 and 35-36 including: the five supergroups of eukaryotes; the life cycles of protists and plants; the evolution of land plants and seed plants; plant structure, growth and development; and resource acquisition and transport in vascular plants. Reproduction in angiosperms, plant biotechnology, and the mechanisms of short and long-distance transport in plants are also addressed.

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    Biology Final Review

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    Biology Final Review

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    This document provides an overview of the chapters covered in the final exam for Principles of Biology II. It summarizes the key topics from chapters 28-30 and 35-36 including: the five supergroups of eukaryotes; the life cycles of protists and plants; the evolution of land plants and seed plants; plant structure, growth and development; and resource acquisition and transport in vascular plants. Reproduction in angiosperms, plant biotechnology, and the mechanisms of short and long-distance transport in plants are also addressed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    70 views2 pages

    Principles of Biology II: Review - Final Exam

    Uploaded by

    Pandamonium52
    This document provides an overview of the chapters covered in the final exam for Principles of Biology II. It summarizes the key topics from chapters 28-30 and 35-36 including: the five supergroups of eukaryotes; the life cycles of protists and plants; the evolution of land plants and seed plants; plant structure, growth and development; and resource acquisition and transport in vascular plants. Reproduction in angiosperms, plant biotechnology, and the mechanisms of short and long-distance transport in plants are also addressed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Principles of Biology II

    Review Final Exam



    Chapter 28 Protists
    Endosymbiosis in Eukaryotic Evolution, Five Supergroups of Eukaryotes- list their key characteristics, and
    describe some representative taxa, Red algae and green algae. Life cycle of Plasmodium and
    Dictyostellum, a cellular slime mold
    Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
    Land plants evolved from green algae, Highlights of plant evolution. Derived Traits of Plants: Protection
    of the embryo, Alternation of generations (with multicellular embryos dependent on the parent plant),
    Walled spores produced in sporangia, Multicellular gametangia, Apical meristems. The Origin and
    Diversification of Plants: Nonvascular plants, vascular plants: seedless vascular plants, seed plants and
    their classification. The life cycle of a moss. The Ecological and Economic Importance of Mosses. Origins
    and Traits of Vascular Plants. The life cycle of a fern, Adaptations for life on land, sporophylls and Spore
    Variations, The Significance of Seedless Vascular Plants.
    Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
    Seeds and pollen grains, the key adaptations for life on land, Gametophyte/sporophyte relationships in
    different plant groups, Heterospory: Ovules and Production of Eggs, Heterospory: Pollen and Production
    of Sperm, The Evolutionary Advantage of Seeds, Gymnosperms bear naked seeds, typically on cones,
    The Life Cycle of a Pine, The reproductive adaptations of angiosperms include flowers and fruits, The
    Angiosperm Life Cycle, Angiosperm Evolution. Major differences between monocots and eudicots.
    Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
    The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells, structure of leaf, stem and roots and their
    modifications. Dermal, Vascular (Xylem, Phloem), and Ground Tissues (parenchyma cells, Collenchyma
    cells, Sclerenchyma cells. Meristems generate cells for new organs (indeterminate growth, determinate
    growth). Meristems (Apical meristems, Lateral meristems). Primary Growth and secondary growth
    (vascular cambium, cork cambium). Primary Growth of Roots: Zone of cell division, Zone of elongation,
    Zone of maturation. Primary Growth of Shoots, Tissue Organization of Leaves, secondary growth adds
    girth to stems and roots in woody plants, Growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation produce the plant
    body, Gene Expression and Control of Cellular Differentiation, Genetic Control of Flowering: ABC Model.
    Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
    Flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of the angiosperm life cycle, angiosperm
    reproduction: Flower Structure and Function, Development of Male and Female Gametophytes,
    Pollination and Double Fertilization. Structure of the mature seed. Seed Dormancy, Seed Germination,
    and Seedling Development. Fruit Form and Function. Flowering plants reproduce sexually, asexually, or
    both. Mechanisms of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Vegetative Propagation and
    Agriculture. Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering.
    Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants
    Resource acquisition and transport in a vascular plant, Different mechanisms to transport substances
    over short or long distance, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, passive transport, transport proteins,
    solute transport across plant cell plasma membranes. Three Major Pathways of Transport: symplastic
    route, apoplastic route, transmembrane route. Bulk Flow in Long-Distance Transport, Transpiration
    derives the transport of water and minerals from roots to shoot via the xylem, Bulk Flow Driven by
    Negative Pressure (Tension) in the Xylem, Pulling Xylem Sap: The Transpiration-Cohesion-Tension
    Mechanism, The rate of transpiration is regulated by stomata, Stimuli for stomatal opening and closing,
    sugars are transported from sources to sink via the phloem, Bulk Flow by Positive Pressure: The
    Mechanism of translocation in angiosperms.

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