Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 51 views

    Historical Context of 2G, 3G and 4G Wireless Standards

    Uploaded by

    Pepito Cortizona
    2G GSM was the first digital cellular standard developed in Europe to support international roaming using TDMA. It helped standardize cellphones across countries. 3G UMTS improved on 2G with CDMA, enabling higher quality images and video. It began rolling out commercially in 2001. 4G WiMAX is a broadband wireless standard that uses OFDM and OFDMA. It was developed by the IEEE 802.16 group from 1998 onward to provide wireless broadband access with significantly high data rates of up to 75 Mbps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Historical Context of 2G, 3G and 4G Wireless Standards

    Uploaded by

    Pepito Cortizona
    51 views2 pages
    2G GSM was the first digital cellular standard developed in Europe to support international roaming using TDMA. It helped standardize cellphones across countries. 3G UMTS improved on 2G with CDMA, enabling higher quality images and video. It began rolling out commercially in 2001. 4G WiMAX is a broadband wireless standard that uses OFDM and OFDMA. It was developed by the IEEE 802.16 group from 1998 onward to provide wireless broadband access with significantly high data rates of up to 75 Mbps.

    Original Title

    Historical_Context.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    2G GSM was the first digital cellular standard developed in Europe to support international roaming using TDMA. It helped standardize cellphones across countries. 3G UMTS improved on 2G with CDMA, enabling higher quality images and video. It began rolling out commercially in 2001. 4G WiMAX is a broadband wireless standard that uses OFDM and OFDMA. It was developed by the IEEE 802.16 group from 1998 onward to provide wireless broadband access with significantly high data rates of up to 75 Mbps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views2 pages

    Historical Context of 2G, 3G and 4G Wireless Standards

    Uploaded by

    Pepito Cortizona
    2G GSM was the first digital cellular standard developed in Europe to support international roaming using TDMA. It helped standardize cellphones across countries. 3G UMTS improved on 2G with CDMA, enabling higher quality images and video. It began rolling out commercially in 2001. 4G WiMAX is a broadband wireless standard that uses OFDM and OFDMA. It was developed by the IEEE 802.16 group from 1998 onward to provide wireless broadband access with significantly high data rates of up to 75 Mbps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Historical Context of 2G, 3G and 4G

    Wireless Standards.
    2G GSM
    GSM(GlobalSystemforMobile)wasthefirstalldigitalmobilecellularstandardandtheearliestone
    still in widespread use today. GSM is an ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
    standard originally intended to be the first European digital cellular standard to support
    internationalroaming.ItisbasedonTDMA(TimeDivisionforMultipleAccess).TheGSMgroupwas
    startedin1982andallocatedthespectrumbands890915MHzand935960MHz.GSMwasaimed
    at developing the first common cellphone standard that could be used across European nations,
    since the existence of several different 1G standards was causing significant problems especially in
    roaming. Also, GSM was the first comprehensive cellular standard that defined not only the air
    interface, but also several aspects of the higher layers which complied with and enabled the
    implementation of ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) like services. As a result of their
    efforts, the GSM specification was completed in 1991 and first deployed in 1992. The robust
    performance and attractive features of GSM led to rapid adoption of cellular telecommunications
    and it surged to deployment by 32 operators in 22 countries by 1993 and wasdeployed in close to
    150 countries by 2001. Currently GSM is the dominant global cellular standard with 80% of the
    marketshareandcloseto5billionsubscribers.

    3G WCDMAUMTS
    UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is a widely adopted 3G wireless cellular
    standard.WidebandCDMA(WCDMA)istheairinterfaceforUMTS.UMTSwascreatedbythe3GPP
    (3
    rd
    GenerationPartnershipProject)group.WCDMAisbasedonCDMAfortransmission,whichisits
    definingcharacteristic.Itwasdesignedadvance2Gcellularstandardstoenablethetransmissionof
    highqualityimagesandvideooverwirelessconnectionswiththeaimofeventuallyenablingIPbased
    broadband services. UMTS efforts were initiated in the 1992 meeting of the ITU (International
    TelecommunicationUnion)WARC(WorldAdministrativeRadioConference).Itsoriginalgoalwasto
    design a single 3
    rd
    generation air interface. ETSI approved UMTS in 1998 and commercial networks
    wererolledoutinEuropeandJapanin2001and2002respectively.Abrieftimelineofkeystagesin
    UMTSevolutionisgivenbelow.

    2000 3GGPRelease99AirInterface
    2001 3GPPRelease4,UMTSDeployedinJapan.
    2002 3GPPRelease5whichincludesIMS(IPMultimediaSubsystem)and
    HSDPA(HighSpeedDownlinkPacketAccess).Alsocommercial
    deploymentinEuropebegins.
    2004 3GPPRelease6withHSUPA(HighSpeedUplinkPacketAccess)and
    MBMS(MultimediaBroadcastMulticastService)features.
    2007 3GPPRelease7whichincludesHSPA+andVOIP.

    4G WiMAX
    WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperbility for Microwave Access) is a 4G wireless cellular standard. It is a
    broadband wireless standard and employs OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and
    OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division for multiple access). It belongs to the IEEE 802.16 group of
    standards for Wireless Metropolian Area Networking (WMAN). The IEEE 802.16 group was
    established in 1998 to develop an air interface for wireless broadband access. This group initially
    focused on a point to point standard for operation in the 1066 GHz range. The resulting standard
    was completed in December 2001. This standard employed a single carrier physical layer and
    employedbursttimedivisionformultipleaccessattheMAClayer.Thiswassubsequentlyexpanded
    to 802.16a for NLOS (Non line of slight) applications and for the first time employed multicarrier
    basedorthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM).Furtherrevisionsledtothefinalizationof
    IEEE 802.162004 standard for fixed wireless access. Mobility was added to the next revision IEEE
    802.162005andisoftenreferredtoasMobileWiMAX.WiMAXhasseveraladvancedfeaturessuch
    as scalable bandwidth, adaptive modulation and coding, advanced antenna techniques (AAS)
    employing multipleinput multipleoutput (MIMO) etc. Thus WiMAX is capable of significantly high
    dataratesandcansupportupto75Mbps.

    You might also like