Lean

Manufacturing
The way to Manufacturing Excellence
www.technopak.com
a q u a r t e r l y r e p o r t b y t e c h n o p a k | D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 1
Design & Development
Bharat Kaushik, Design Manager I [email protected] I +91-9811661493
Arvind Sundriyal, Senior Designer I [email protected] I +91-9910493934
Contents
APPAREL MANUFACTURING
THE LEAN APPROACH TO RESOURCES
WHY LEAN IMPLEMENTATION
SOMETIMES FAILS?
BENEFITS OF
LEAN
LEAN MANUFACTURING: ROLE OF
LEADERSHIP AND HUMAN RESOURCES
01
09
15
12 13
THE NEED TO
GO LEAN
LEAN MANUFACTURING
INTRODUCTION
02
APPAREL MANUFACTURING
THE LEAN APPROACH TO PROCESSES
04
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
1
Lean Manufacturing
-Introduction
A small carmaker in Japan, with a background in
textile looms was facing severe competition when it
entered the car industry. Te competition was from
the big players - the likes of Ford and General Motors
(GM). So the company which we now know as Toyota,
decided to take a path less travelled and build quality,
variety and fexibility in its operations and adapt itself
to local demands, at a lower cost. Years passed; the
humble beginning of Toyota and its commitments to the
manufacturing system, developed by it, earned accolades
for the company and a lesson for others to emulate.
Toyota pioneered the Toyota Production System or
Lean Manufacturing. And a small beginning went on
to write history. Today, Toyota is the worlds largest car
company, far ahead of Ford and GM!
During the 1930s, Toyota realized that the Japanese
market was too small and fragmented for the US
production systems. Tey understood that Toyota could
not get a share of the Japanese car market by continuing
with established mass production techniques. With
limited working capital, market access in a small country,
little resources and constraints on borrowings, Toyota
needed to turn cash around quickly-from receiving the
order to getting paid. Unlike Ford and GM, Toyota did
not have the luxury of taking cover under high volume
and economies of scale. Tey needed to adapt Fords
manufacturing process to achieve high quality, low cost,
short lead times, and fexibility simultaneously.
In the 1950s, Taiichi Ohno the then plant manager of
Toyota had over decades of practice, come up with the
new Toyota Production System (TPS). His ideas were
inspired by a lot of industry and real life practices built
upon his exposure to the American and Japanese car
automobile and loom industry. Te idea of consumption
driven material replenishment, which led to the iconic pull
system was inspired by American supermarkets where
individual items were replenished as each item begins to
run low on the shelf. Tat is, material replenishment is
initiated by consumption. Pull systems formed the basis
of JIT, one of the two pillars of TPS (the other is jidoka,
built-in quality). Toyota borrowed the concept of internal
customers from the preaching of quality guru W. Edwards
Deming. Te defnition of customer was broadened to
include both the external buyers and the internal customers
- the next process is the customer. Te Japanese phrase
for this, atokotei wa o-kyakusama, became one of the most
signifcant expressions in JIT, because in a pull system it
means the preceding process must always do what the
subsequent process says.
By the 1960s, TPS had become a powerful philosophy.
Toyota did take the frst steps to spread lean by diligently
teaching the principles of TPS to their key suppliers. Tis
moved its isolated lean manufacturing plants toward a total
lean extended enterprise where everyone in the supply
chain was practicing the same TPS principles.
Ever since, many enterprises across the globe and across
industry segments have walked this proven track to build
their Lean enterprise.
Chapter 1
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
2
Te Need to go Lean
Chapter 2
Manufacturing processes are driven by three controls
cost, quality and delivery and the garment manufacturing
industry is no exception to it. Any intervention that can
add value to one or more of these can take some burden
of from the management system. Tis boils down to
optimization of turnaround time / cycle time, greater
product variety and quality and the most economical
output. If one can achieve the stated, the competition
would be viewed as co-existence, profts would soar and
the expansion plans would turn into a reality. But the
question that haunts is how? Tey may have already
tried a hand at various systems to ease out the fow and
add the required dimension, but nothing other than the
unnecessary administrative and fnancial burden would
have been added. Lean touches the following aspects of
an organization.
Lean as a manufacturing philosophy aims at the
following benefts:
It creates a robust inter-dependent support system for
all components of operations
Reduces the administrative costs entailed in other
popular methods
Focuses on waste reduction
Specially emphasises on unnecessary cost generating
points
Operations
Production
QA
Continuous
Improvement
Machine
Space
Man
Exhibit 1
Processes
Resources
Imparts a better control over day to day activities
Reduces the cycle time
Implements socially answerable techniques
Promotes environment friendly practices
Potentially acts as a powerful tool for competitive co-
existence
Te entire oferings can be simply summed up as an
optimized manufacturing system that is low on resources
and high on deliveries. Lean manufacturing is about
delivering the extra-ordinary through ordinary resources
by building extra-ordinary processes. Te processes are
built on the guidelines of reduction of waste and losses.
Te Seven Types of Waste
Waste is defned as anything that does not add value to the
fnal product. Every organization wastes certain amount
of its resources. Terefore it is important to have a closer
look at these wastes. For the ease of understanding, these
wastes are categorized in to seven categories. Every waste
one will come across in the organization or even in day-
to-day life, will fall into one of these categories:
Exhibit 2
Overproduction
Waiting
Excess
Inventory
Transporting
Extra Motion
Inappropritae
Processing
Overprocessing
y rr
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
3
1. Overproduction: Lean manufacturing relies on
manufacturing at the rate of customer demand.
Production should be scheduled according to demand
both in terms of volume and time. Demand is both
external and internal. Tus, sewing should produce
as much as fnishing needs, and fnishing should
schedule its performance to the delivery timelines and
quantities. Producing more than required is a waste of
unwanted or mistimed value addition.
For example, high cut to ship ratio is an indicator of
overproduction.
2. Waiting: Whenever the pieces are not moving or
being processed, the waste of waiting occurs. Much
of a products lead time is tied up in waiting for the
next operation; this is usually because material fow
is poor, production runs are too long, and distances
between work centers are too great. Linking processes
together so that one feeds directly into the next can
dramatically reduce waiting.
For example fabric, waiting to be cut and unshipped
fnished cartons, WIPs within cutting sewing, fnishing
sections waiting to be processed either due to capacity
shortfall or non receipt of trims and accessories.
3. Excess Inventory: Work in Progress (WIP) is a
direct result of overproduction and waiting. Excess
inventory tends to hide problems on the plant foor,
which must be identifed and resolved in order to
improve operating performance. Excess inventory
increases lead times, consumes productive foor space,
delays the identifcation of problems, and inhibits
communication.
For instance, any WIP which is more than the
requirement will cause excess inventory, thereby
causing pressures of extended lead times, and hence,
higher working capital cost.
4. Transportation: Transporting products between
processes is a cost incursion which adds no value to
the product. Excessive movement and handling can
cause damage and are an opportunity for quality to
deteriorate and quantity to dwindle (lost WIP).
Unplanned workfow management in material
warehouse, cutting, sewing, fnishing and fnished
warehouse increase the material movement. Tis is the
primary cause of high Man-Machine Ratio(MMR) in
a factory. As any form of material movement would
require extra manpower and space, which gets added
into the MMR and required area causing higher
overheads and hence increased product cost.
5. Excess Motion: Tis waste is related to ergonomics
and is seen in all instances of bending, stretching,
walking, lifting, and reaching out to pick up garment
pieces which can be lessened.
Examples are ill-defned work stations, adding up
to extra work content, as a result of extra body
movement. Workstation should be defned for an
easier pickup and dispose of garment parts along with
trims in distinctly separate areas.
6. Inappropriate Processing: Correct tooling for the job
is necessary to complete an operation. Correct tools
are not the tools which are expensive or complex. Tey
are the best tools for the particular purpose. Using
inappropriate tools in the manufacturing process is a
waste because it will take more resources and also it
may not deliver the expected result.
Example: Trouser/ Denim pocket facing attach
operation, which can be done by one machine cover
stitch machine but is planned with one over lock and
one lockstitch. Tis adds cost to the garment without
adding value.
7. Defects: Having a direct impact on the bottom
line, quality defects resulting in rework or scrap
are a tremendous cost to organization. Associated
costs include quarantining inventory, re-inspecting,
rescheduling, and capacity loss.
Higher rate of reworks and high number of rejections
caused due to incorrect work processes or failure
to identify the same at the right time and place are
indicators of defects. Te defect in garments like
skip stitches, needle holes, stains causes lot of back
and forth in material movement- negatively afecting
productivity and Line supervisor focus.
Further to the enumerated wastes or muda, most
operations often sufer one or all of the six big losses.
Many a times, such losses are not even known or
monitored, and are assumed as intrinsic to the process.
Tese losses may be in form of:
Lean manufacturing is a systematic discipline or
application of philosophy to have a process that is
optimized with lesser wastes and lesser potential
losses. Application of Lean Manufacturing requires
a clear focus on all components and functions within
an organization. We will take a holistic view on Lean
application in apparel manufacturing processes in the
subsequent chapters.
Exhibit 3
Equipment Failure Changeover
Idling / Minor
Stoppages
Reduced Speed Process Defect Reduced Yield
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
4
Apparel
Manufacturing
Te Lean Approach to
Processes
Chapter 3
Like any other manufacturing process, apparel
manufacturing involves the conversion of raw materials
like fabric and trims into apparel products using resources
like man, machine, space, utilities and following a
certain chain of processes and functions (production,
quality and continuous improvements) in the key areas
of material storage, cutting, sewing and fnishing. Let us
examine how Lean touches and infuences the processes.
Processes may be evaluated from four major
perspectives- Pre production planning, production,
quality and continuous improvements for the simplicity
of understanding. However, they are inter-related, and
each intervention has a bearing on the other. Clinically
pointing out a Lean advantage to a particular beneft
area may not be right, as any intervention touches and
enhances several aspects of operations. For instance,
while JIT may be classifed as a production technique,
it helps quality assurance strongly by simply preventing
the magnitude of a mistake.
Below is an attempt to emphasize the application of Lean
tools in various areas on an indicative basis. Te span of
every tool is more expansive and wide-encompassing,
and not necessarily confned to the classifcation.
Production: Lean Way
Lean Manufacturing is a responsive, continuously
fowing, pull-driven, leveled out system of manufacturing
aided by a robust support system. Let us examine the
methodologies in some detail.
Manufacturing around the Takt Time: Simply put,
Takt time is defned as the rate of customer demand. It
is christened as the heart beat of Lean manufacturing.
Takt time = Rate of Customer demand = Desired
Pace of Production = Net Available Time to Work/
Customer Order Size.
Let us assume a factory of 200 manned machines
across cutting, sewing and fnishing, that works for
480 minutes a day, 25 days a month. Tis factory
has a machine downtime of 7%, and has defect
level of 15%. Average repair time per defect is 5
minutes.
If the total order for this factory in a month is
50,000 garments, the Takt Time will be calculated
as below:
Time available = 480 X 200 X 25 = 24,00,000
Minutes
Time Discounted for Machine Downtime =
1,68,000; Available = 22,32,000 minutes
Time Discounted for alterations = 37,500 Minutes
Net Time Available = 21,94,500 Minutes
Order Size = 50,000 Garments
Takt Time = 21,94,500 / 50,000 = 43.89 Minutes
per garment
Te factory should produce one garment in every
44 minutes per machine, or ~11 garments per day
per machine, or 2200 garments altogether per day.
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
5
Since sewing is the key function in the garment
manufacturing, required cutting and fnishing capacities
are allocated to the specifc order.
Now, this is the rate of external customer demand. Tis
needs to be converted into internal takt time between
cutting, sewing and fnishing, and then further into takt
time allocation for the various operations or processes in
cutting, sewing and fnishing on the basis of resources in
each process.
Internal Customer Protocols: Internal Customer
Protocols is the foundation of Lean Production
Planning. Every process should be planned as a supplier
or a customer to its preceding and succeeding process.
Tus Sewing is a customer to Cutting and a supplier
to fnishing. Within Sewing, the frst operation, say a
run-stitch operation, is a supplier to the next operation
say a topstitch operation. Terefore, the processes
should follow the same protocols as the fnal customer
follows with the factory or company the protocol of
delivering the right quantity or numbers at specifed
intervals (scheduling) and delivering the right quality
(to be expalined in lean tools for QA processes) so
that the fow of the process is adhered to. Accordingly,
there should be a method of scheduling, leveling, self-
check and audit.
Continuous Flow: In order to maintain a continuous
fow in the systems and processes, planning of
movement of the pieces is done. Tis is done so
that there is no such case where there are machines
that are kept idle, helping in a single/minimum
WIP fow. Single piece fow helps in building
quality, creating fexibility and reducing the cost of
inventory simultaneously. It is worth noting that Lean
manufacturing does not mean single piece in every
process. WIP is always planned in line with Takt time
scheduling and lean maturity of the operations and
it must be adhered to as defned.
Pull Systems: Taiichi Ohno rightly says Te more
inventory a company has, the less likely they will
have what they need. As also discussed earlier, it
is important to produce only as per the customer
requirement, allowing a natural pull to be generated.
Tis pull will be across departments, where one
department will produce the required goods only as
per the requirement of the next department. Tis is
where the tool of Kanban fnds its use.
A perfect fow system would be a zero-inventory
system. But when pure fow is not possible, because
the processes are spaced at a distance or when the cycle
times to perform each operation varies a great deal, as
it often is in the garment industry, the next best choice
is the Kanban system.
What this means is that, whenever we are unable to
create a one piece fow of the pieces in the factory, the
next best thing is a pull system with defned inventory.
Tis leads us to the concept of a Supermarket.
In any supermarket, whenever a product is picked by
the customer, it is simultaneously replenished by the
supermarket personnel. Te personnel is not simply
pushing inventory onto the shelf, nor is ordering
anything from the suppliers, but just replenishing the
products as and when required by the customer, so
that it doesnt dry out. Te processes are scheduled in a
manner that it is the process replenishing the product
instead of a personnel. Tis also requires careful
leveling and Kanban space planning to keep required
checks and balances, and a visual tool to accentuate
pull. Drawing a parallel to the garment industry, a
supermarket is created between any two connected
processes, where one process needs goods from the
previous stage.
Value Stream Mapping: Elimination of the waste from
a process can happen only after identifcation of waste.
Value stream mapping is the process of categorizing
a complete chain of process into Value Added Work
(VAW) and Non Value Added Work (NVAW). A value
adding element is one which is carried by the fnal
product. A non-value adding element is not carried by
the fnal product. All non-value adding elements may
not be possibly eliminated, but the process needs to
analyze and decide which NVAWs are essential, and
which can be eliminated. An example is notches used
for matching of parts. Notch is not a value addition
to the product, but it is required to ensure correct
matching quality. Terefore, it is an essential NVAW.
S. No. Tool Defnition
1 Jidoka QA approach to Right First Time
2 Poka Yoke Mistake proofng
3 Andon
Visual control for exception manage-
ment
4 Just in time
Single piece fow, planned around
the Takt time
5 SMED Reduction in Changeover time
6 TPM
Total Productive Maintenance Pre-
ventive, Predictive, Autonomous
7 5S Workplace Management
8
Value Stream
Mapping
Optimizing Non value added works
9
Root Cause
Analysis
Trough Ishikawa Diagram, 5 Whys
10 Kaizen Continuous Improvement
Exhibit 4:
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
6
Ticketing of inner parts which do not need a shade
matching may be an example of dispensable NVAW.
Load Leveling: When we talk of any form of line
balancing, it is important to balance out production in
all regards. Tis is done in the form of distribution of
workload, to keep the process evenly balanced with
distributed load. Tis process is called heijunka.
Visual Controls: MIS is an integral part of
manufacturing. However, to be used as a process
improvement tool, MIS should be real time, simple,
accessible to the eyes at point of operation, and should
invite action. Visual controls should be extensively
implemented at all control points, WIP storage and
transfer points. Tis greatly helps in defning the
action plans for surplus, shortage and exceptions
arising in the supplier processes.
Quality Lean Way
Robust planning of Quality Assurance system is the pillar
for efective implementation of Lean Manufacturing.
RFT or Right First Time philosophy is one of the
pillars that hold Lean systems. RFT is achieved through
disciplined intervention of tools such as Jidoka, Poka
Yoke and TQM. RFT is a discipline that helps build
internal customer protocols for QA system, thereby
reducing the overall defect levels and thus enabling
continuous fow. Let us examine Lean approach and
tools to quality assurance in some detail.
Jidoka is an approach to produce right parts, stop
producing wrong parts and evolve the process
continuously to do so. In some translations, it is
referred to as autonomation or automation with
a human touch where the automatic machine is
supposed to check its output and stop when it is not
producing as per specifcations. In broader parlance, it
means that a process should enable its sub-processes
to check their output, correct it and stop themselves
from producing further if they fail to do so, and seek
help.
In order to build the culture of producing the right
quality products the frst time, the frst step is to defne
what is right quality, what is wrong quality, and what
is acceptable quality. Te operators need to be trained
on process components of these elements. Tis can be
done by developing visual examples of acceptable and
non acceptable components and parts. Involvement
of process owners be it line in-charge or supervisors
is important here to pass on the knowledge to the
operators.
Also, internal customer protocols need to be defned
here, so that the operators can check the pieces
themselves before passing them. Te next process or
the operator should do a pre-acceptance check and
reject an unacceptable WIP.
Furthermore, quality needs to be built into the process.
Deskilling of operations by re-engineering of the
workstation, installing jigs and automation are some
of the ways of building in quality on the workstation
for an output of high quality.
Tis entire approach of building the culture of quality
in the process is loosely referred to as Jidoka. Jidoka
is necessarily supported with an integrated exception
management system, called Andon.
Andon: Andon is both a process and a tool. Any alarm
(light, signal, buzzer etc.) that is physically designed
into the production system to be raised in case of a
non-conformity is referred to as an andon.
As per Te Toyota Way, One of the leading American
students of TPS, Alex Warren, former Executive Vice
President, Toyota Motor Corporation, Kentucky,
defned jidoka and andon and how it relates to
employee empowerment: In the case of machines, we
build devices into them, which detect abnormalities
and automatically stop the machine upon such an
occurrence. In the case of humans, we give them the
power to push buttons or pull cords called andon
cords which can bring our entire assembly line to a
halt. Every team member has the responsibility to stop
the line every time they see something that is out of
Case 1: Implementation of Pull System and Kanban in a
Shirt Manufacturing Unit in Chennai, India
Te Problem: Te production facility of the client was not
streamlined, which resulted in WIP accumulation in cutting as
well as sewing sections. Te loading on diferent sections was not
as per priority, but as per capacity.
What We Did: Te cutting and sewing sections were streamlined
using the Pull System. Tis helped in managing the WIP. Further,
the concept of bakers trolley was implemented in the factory,
where separate sections contained separate parts, and the amount
of WIP fowing into the lines could be kept constant. Borrowing
from the lean tools of Heijunka and Kanban, the concept of
Supermarket was used at these sections, by which only a fxed
WIP was stored in the supermarket. If more than the designated
amount came in, an alarm was raised and the bundles were taken
back. Also, the assembly supermarket was kept in sync with the
cutting supermarket using the challan system.
Result: Tere was a reduction in the WIP from about 30,000
pieces of cutting and 70,000 pieces of sewing to a combined
WIP of about 14,000 pieces. Further, the entire factory worked
on a pull system, which streamlined the processes in the factory,
eliminating bottlenecks and smoothening production.
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
7
standard. Tat is how we put the responsibility for
quality in the hands of our team members. Tey feel
the responsibility, they feel the power. Tey know they
count.
Te culture to stop the work to fx problems needs to
be implemented in the work system. Whenever there
is any quality related issue, an alarm needs to be raised,
the production needs to be stopped, the problem needs
to be identifed and fxed, and only then, production
should be restarted. Te idea is to stop the process
from knowingly generating unacceptable outputs.
Andons can also be planted away from the process at
audit locations to keep a guard on a defect that may
have happened inadvertently, and alarm immediate
corrective and preventive action.
Mistake Proofng: Mistake proofng is implemented by
using simple objects like fxtures, jigs, gadgets, warning
devices, paper systems, and the like to prevent people
from committing inadvertent mistakes. Tese objects
are known as poka yoke devices, and this method of
error proofng is known as Poka Yoke.
Standardized Work: A core principle of lean
manufacturing is that standardized tasks are the
foundation for continuous improvement and
employee empowerment. For any operation in
garment manufacturing, standard ways and methods
need to be developed. Standard work sheets and the
information in them are critical elements.
Toyota President Cho describes it this way:
Our standardized work consists of three elements takt
time (time required to complete one job at the pace
of customer demand), the sequence of doing things
or sequence of processes, and how much inventory
or stock on hand the individual worker needs to have
in order to accomplish that standardized work. Based
upon these three elements, takt time, sequence, and
standardized stock on hand, the standard work is set.
If any forms of defect are caught at any stage of
production, the quality managers primary role should
be go and check if the standard way of doing the job
was followed or not. Tat will give the answers to the
problems.
Standard work sheets and the information contained
in them are important elements of the Toyota
Production System. For a production person to be
able to write a standard work sheet that other workers
can understand, he or she must be convinced of its
importance.High production efciency has been
maintained by preventing the recurrence of defective
products, operational mistakes, and accidents, and
by incorporating workers ideas. All of this is possible
because of the inconspicuous standard work sheet.
-Taiichi Ohno (Source: Te Toyota Way)
Workplace Management: It is said, You never get a
second chance to make the frst impression! A place
for everything, and everything at its place. Cleanliness,
hygiene and higher degree of process quality.
Transparent operations facilitated by appropriate
visual controls. Tese are some of the manifestations
of a sublime operations philosophy, called 5S.
5S is not only about housekeeping or organizing
the workplace; it also touches every aspect of
organizational process including productivity, quality
and information system.
A clean working area would ensure that the garment
does not get stained. Tis would in turn contribute
towards the reduced eforts in cleaning the garment in
the fnishing department. It would also lead to fewer
rejections due to dirt and stains on the garments.
Hence, by keeping the working area neat and clean
and free from undesired items, the factory can very
easily cut down on the cost of quality.
Root Cause Analysis: A thorough Root Cause Analysis
helps to identify, sort, and display possible causes of a
specifc problem or quality characteristic. Tis can be
done by using various tools like Ishikawa Diagrams,
the 5 Why Analysis etc.
An Ishikawa diagram graphically illustrates the
relationship between a given outcome and all the
factors that infuence the outcome. A typical Ishikawa
diagram looks like this:
Te 5 Why Analysis is a process whereby, if one
repeatedly asks the question Why fve times, one
can peel away the layers of symptoms that can lead to
the root cause of a problem. For instance a garment
manufacturer, XYZ can use it this way:
1. Why our customers are unhappy? Because our on-time
shipment in the last 2 months has been very poor.
2. Why has our on-time shipment in the last 2 months
been so poor? Because our production was running
behind schedule.
3. Why was our production running behind schedule?
Because our fabric wasnt moving to cutting section
on time.
Case 2: Implementation of lean Concepts in a Quality
improvement program in Bangladesh for a German
Trade Body
Te Problem: Unorganized housekeeping, leading to an
unarranged workplace.
What We Did: Implemented the 5S cycle of Sorting, Straightening,
Shining, Standardizing and Sustaining to organize the work place
for efciency and efectiveness by identifying and storing the items
used, maintaining the area and items, and sustaining the new
order, also instilling ownership of the process in each employee.
Results: A workplace which is organized with better housekeeping.
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
8
4. Why was our fabric not moving to cutting section on
time? Because fabric inspection has rejected a large
amount of fabric for not meeting quality standards.
5. Why are we rejecting so much fabric? Because sourcing
of fabric was switched to a cheaper supplier that has
inconsistent quality.
As we can see, this analysis gives us the fnal answer to the
most important question that the company was facing.
Continuous Improvement: Lean Way
One of the most important steps in lean manufacturing
is to become a learning organization through relentless
refection and continuous improvement. A lean
implementation process is never complete; it needs
to build upon itself. Implementation of Lean Tools is
the beginning, relentless up-gradation, analysis and
improvement on shortcomings and efective utilization
of cumulative knowledge and experience in the
organization are essential milestones of everyday lean
journey.
Te key philosophies in the path of Lean are:
Genchi Gembutsu: Genchi Gembutsu means Go and
see for yourself . It means thorough participation in
understanding and improving processes. It is important
for process owners to have a fair understanding of their
process components. Tey should solve problems and
improve processes by going to the source and personally
observing and verifying data on all possible occasions.
Te approach needs to be vociferously emphasized at all
levels. Teorizing on the basis of what other people or
the computer screen report may not always be a great
approach. Improvements come only from detailed
understanding.
Case: Tis Multi-Needle Chain-stitch machine used for
front plackets in shirts was generating defects there
were many instances of uneven sewing width on the two
sides of the placket. Alerting the QC station to watch
out for this defect, opening the seams in several shirts
and re-doing them had almost became a norm for many
days, until when the Maintenance Manager decided
to look at this machine. After a few minutes of keen
observation, he could fgure out that these machines
typically generated more vibration than the single needle
lockstitch machines. Te folder attached to the machine
used to deviate from its original position causing width
variation. An additional screw was fxed on both sides
and the problem was solved.
Hansei: Hansei means Refection or analysis of a
process or activity that may have generated a bad output.
Te objective is to understand, learn and improve.
Mistakes are a reality, and learning from mistakes is non-
negotiable activity.
Te idea is to encourage and acknowledge employees
to introspect the shortcomings, feel sorry about it,
learn, develop an alternate course of action and move
on. Tere may be wider hansei sessions periodically
to openly identify all the shortcomings and develop
counter-measures to avoid repeating mistakes.
Kaizen: Kaizen means Continuous Improvement.
Kaizen is an approach to continuously upgrade the
tools, methods or processes to deliver better value.
Kaizen is implemented using various methods such as
internal evaluation of process, use of infnite knowledge
available with all the employees, root cause analysis for
improvements etc.
Exhibit 5
Main Cause
Main Cause Main Cause
Main Cause A
Level 2 Cause
Level 1 Cause
Level 3 Cause
Problem to be
resolved(Efect)
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
9
Apparel
Manufacturing
Te Lean Approach
to Resources
Chapter 4
Te three key resources in any manufacturing process are
Technology, Space and People. While people constitute
the software, intellectual and implementation part of the
process, the machines together with people become the
execution part. Apparel especially is a labour intensive
process but with very high dependence on technology.
Generally, it is a one person one machine manufacturing
process, adding up to make a chain or line. Terefore,
very high technology uptime (amount of time the
machine is running) becomes a key ingredient to output.
Equally important is the person who is running the
machine, as most machines are non-automated ones run
by a person operating them. Naturally, the approach has
to be:
High degree of technology maintenance for maximum
up-time
Quick Response of maintenance in case of a unplanned
downtime
High degree of employee training, development and
motivations
Responsive mindset
Lean Approach to Technology
Management
Machine maintenance is not a standalone activity. In
order to ensure a high machine up-time, it needs to be
running when required, at optimum speed, delivering
quality output, and adjusted to the process requirement.
(Tus, a feed of the arm machine maintained absolutely
well, equipped with the best of motor and puller, to
be used in a side seam operation is useless, if it is not
equipped with a suitable lap seam folder of required
gauge and adjusted with desired alignment and fabric
compatibility)
Te key tools or principles for Technology Management
through Lean can be summarized as:
TPM or Total Preventive Maintenance
SMED or Single Minute Exchange of Dies or Quick
Changeover
Technology Induction
Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM): Total
Productive maintenance system should aim at three
pronged benefts:
Signifcantly Lower Unplanned Downtime
Quick response in case of a downtime
Higher Overall Equipment Efectiveness
TPM aims to achieve the above by a structured total
productive maintenance approach, detailed below:
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
10
Structured Preventive Maintenance: In preventive
maintenance, all equipments are grouped for a fxed
maintenance cycle at periodic (pre-defned) intervals.
For this, a defned checklist is created. It is also
facilitated with a colour-coded maintenance visual
control chart.
Autonomous Maintenance: In this form of
maintenance, certain routine maintenance activities
are executed by the user (operator). Tis can include
cleaning, lubrication, needle change, threading,
tension checking etc. Tis form of maintenance is
facilitated with structured maintenance training for
the user.
Root Cause Analysis for all unplanned downtime:
Any kind of breakdown of machines is analyzed for its
root cause. Recurring problems, such as skip stitches,
folder mis-alignment, high needle breakages etc. are
eliminated by the fundamental correction approach.
Occasional problems are analyzed and eliminated by
corrective methods implemented in the prevention
process to avoid recurrence
Planning for Quick response in case of a downtime:
Tis is done through parallel preparations. Te
functions keeps a real time update of processes and
plans bufer/standby machines that can be plugged in
on immediate requirement. Tis tool works especially
for low capital cost technologies, as in the garment
industry.
Predictive Maintenance: A combination of QR,
preventive maintenance and downtime analysis creates
way for predictive maintenance. Te function matures
to a stage where it can predict with higher accuracy
of certain downtimes related to specifc processes.
Once this knowledge is developed, this predictive
maintenance approach can be merged into preventive
maintenance in certain cases
Overall Equipment Efectiveness (OEE): OEE
is a product of machine uptime, adherence to rated
capacity or planned speeds and adherence to output
quality. Terefore, Equipment utilization is quality
output from the machine at planned speed with
planned up-time. TPM function plays the role of
ensuring that the machine is maintained to deliver its
optimum capacity.

OEE can be a powerful benchmark in technology
intensive industries, such as textiles, where it serves as
the yardstick of productivity and quality of machine
output vis--vis its potential. Equipments with higher
OEE can simply qualify for an additional investment
decision in case of a capacity expansion. Lower OEE
indicates one or more of the following:
lower machine usage
lower output
Higher downtime
Above can be on account of sub-optimal process
defnition, poor training or a fundamental irregularity
with the equipment type or maintenance.
SMED or Quick Changeover: Changeover is the
process of converting a line or machine from producing
one product to another. Tis leads to a lot of time spent
in an activity that actually has no end usage, and eats
up a lot of time that is meant for production. To reduce
the changeover time, sequential processes need to be
converted into parallel processes. Te activities that can
be moved out of the line should be moved out for external
setup, and can be plugged back subsequently. Within
mandatory internal setups, activities can be scheduled
Exhibit 6
Setup Period
-Internal
and
External
Activities
Run Down
Period
Run Up
Period
End of Previous Run
Parallel Preparation
for Next Run
MaximisingExternal
Setup
Complete Gearing of New Run
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
11
or pre-planned in a manner that the speed of process
changeover is maximized (instead of experimenting with
real time hits and misses).
In the garmenting setup, SMED can prove to be a very
efective tool during style changes. During this process, a
lot of time goes to waste to set up and arrange the desired
machinery. In many cases, even a simple thing like
adjustment of machine tension is arrived at after a lot
of time spent in trials. Tere are instances of substantial
changeover activities even when the product type is
same, but there are little variations like gathers, pleats
etc. Te situation is worse in case of units handling small
orders, involving short cycles and frequent style changes.
SMED approach can be depicted as below:
Technology Induction: Technology that should be
used in the lean processes must be reliable, thoroughly
tested and should be made convenient for usage by the
people. Tere is no point in introducing a cutting edge,
out of the world technology which the user cannot
understand, relate to and use. However, it does not mean
that the process should not keep pace with ongoing
developments. Whenever a new technology is planned,
there should be a thorough analysis on its relevance to
the factory, and a detailed induction plan should be in
place. Technologys role should be to assist people drive
the company goals faster and its induction should be
clearly driven by the desired role.
Lean Approach to Space Management
Space planning should aim at optimization of
two important wastes excess motion and excess
transportation. Layout planning that facilitates
continuous fow while ensuring waste reduction helps
optimize the space requirement for a manufacturing
process. Lean layouts are designed to optimize
production per space used, by avoiding extra storage,
WIP and reverse movements. It is made by streamlining
all operations. Reverse movements and criss-cross
movements add a lot to process time or resources.
Lean manufacturing focuses on making layouts either
linear or cellular or an optimized combination to
minimize movements.
Lean Approach to Man Management
Every activity in apparel manufacturing has a human
touch to it. Terefore, utilization of obvious and latent
capabilities of manpower is critical to the performance
of the organization. As Mr. Fujio Cho, former President
of Toyota Motors reiterates: At Toyota, we get brilliant
results from average people managing a brilliant process;
others get average results from brilliant people managing
broken processes. Toyota system approaches this critical
resource as below:
Leadership Development: Lean systems call for
internal capability development. Te focus should be
to develop leaders from within the organization, rather
than scouting from outside. Tese leaders MUST be
the role models of the companys philosophy and way
of doing business. Tey should understand the daily
work of the company in detail so that they can be the
best instructor of the companys Lean philosophy.
Developing Exceptional People, Teams and Culture:
Te HR team should look to create a strong and stable
culture in which the company values and beliefs are
shared. People should be trained and retrained to
work within the corporate philosophy to achieve the
desired results. Teamwork should also be encouraged,
so that teams can move towards a common goal.
Building Consensus: Buy in or appreciation of
why something needs to be done is very important
to build ownership within an individual or team. An
implementation should be preceded by a thorough
evaluation of its merits. One should not pick a single
direction without considering all the alternatives to
arrive at a convincing agreement on the course of
action.
Involving the Extended Network of People: It is
critical to involve the extended network of people
around the organization in the process of lean. Tis
involves the fabric and trims suppliers, the buying
ofces, and even the buyer for that matter. Te factory
should be driven to improve its own systems and then
show the people around as to how that improves their
work.
Case 3: Setting up a World class Management System on
the Principles of lean Manufacturing at a Manufacturing
facility in Lahore, Pakistan
Te Problem: Setting up a factory that works on lean concepts
with minimized changeover time.
What We Did: SMED guidelines were implemented across factory
to ensure No Zero Output Day during style changeovers. Te
IE team was trained on SMED guidelines. Lean 101 workshop
was conducted for all departments including merchandising,
fabric and exports. Kaizen events were organized. Concepts taught
included standardization of the quality criteria across employees,
reduction in machine downtime. Te processing department
conducted a Kaizen event on How to control the width variation
on compactors.
Results: Reduction in style changeover time from 450 minutes
to 185 minutes.
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
12
Benefts of Lean
Chapter 5
Lean touches every aspect of manufacturing process as a discipline that is designed to reduce waste and create evenly
distributed processes. Lean methodologies have a potential to generate signifcant quantitative and qualitative benefts.
Lean manufacturing is normally known to beneft in the following ways:
Above are the quantifed and most common advantagesbut there are other qualitative advantages that come with lean
manufacturing. Among them are:
One improvement always stimulates a better change in some other area. Tis will lead to a huge change in the
organization, even in the areas where one has not intended to have an improvement with the action he/she took.
Terefore the synergy efect is a very important advantage in lean manufacturing. One more thing to remember in
evaluating the advantages of lean manufacturing is that one should never count the individual improvements, like how
well a department performs or how well a particular team operates. All the advantages must be weighed according to
their importance in the improvement of the total system.
Reduction
of WIP and
WIP related
issues - almost
completely
Floor space
savings
Increased
productivity
as a result
of highly
responsive
processes
Reduction of
Lead time and
throughput
time
substantially
Substantial
improvement
in quality
Overall cost
reduction
Pleasant
working
conditions
Longer
machine
life
Systematic
approach to
work
Team spirit -
Higher morale,
motivation and
participation, leading
to higher innovation
and excellence
Improved
fexibility
Environmentally
friendly
Financial benefts of Lean: A Case Study
An organisation, XYZ Limited is in the business of manufacturing
and exporting formal and casual shirts, of approximately 20
minutes SAM. It has 500 sewing machines and works 300 days a
year. Te factory has been traditionally working at around 40 to
45 % efciency, producing around 11 shirts per machine, thus
shipping around 1.6 million shirts annually.
Another company ABC Limited is in a similar business with
similar cost structures. However, the company has been
practicing Lean for the last one year and has been able to reach
a certain maturity of implementations. At its current operating
levels, it has been able to improve its productivity to 55% and
reduce its MMR to 1.95, as against earlier 2.1.
Te key fnancial benefts that ABC Limited could reap as a
result of Lean implementation are summarized .
KPIs
Conventional
Factory
Lean Factory
Variance
XYZ Ltd. ABC Ltd.
Efciency 45% 60% 33.33%
Reworks (in DHU) 20 9 -55%
Rejects (in %ages) 2.5% 1.5% -40%
MMR 2.1 1.95 -7.14%
Average Lead time in Days 80-100 60-80 -20%
Annual Capacity (in Mn Pcs) 2 2 22%
Turnover (Mn USD) 9.4 11.5 22.34%
Profts 0.52 1.64 215.38%
PBT (%age of Turnover) 5.53% 14.26% 158%
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
13
Lean Manufacturing: Role of
Leadership and Human Resources
Chapter 6
Te Lean way was born in the automobiles industry
where application of machinery and technology is far
-far higher than in the apparel industry. Lean advocated
the empowerment of manpower in an industry where
manpower involvement is relatively low. Te industry
was still revolutionized by Lean concepts, where people
were empowered to run machines, assemblies and
processes by well defned processes and even stop it at
ignoring the huge running cost that company would
lose.
Te Apparel Industry has always moved towards low cost
location. Human-ware becomes a key business driver
along with other factors like raw material and location
advantages. Machinery and technology assist the human
element in the apparel trade. Lean could possibly
revolutionize this industry by taking the immense
human capital alongside. Te human element of lean is
in total sync with the peoples side of apparel trade.
People participation is the core of Lean implementation
program. Unlike the machinery which depreciates
overtime, people with innate and acquired skills
develop into long term assets, and become the core to
the continuous improvement of the organization. Te
role of leaders and HR as a main change agent and their
contribution in creating, identifying and developing
people and leaders is a key to lean implementation.
Te table below depicts the mindsets during various
stages of a change. HR can play a constructive role in
smoothening adverse phases of change.
Can I cope?
At last
somethings
going to
change!
What
impact will
this have?
How will it
afect me? Tis is
bigger than
i thought
Did I relly
do that
Who am I
Denial
Change?
What change
Disillusionment
Im of!
...this isnt for
me!
I can see
myself in the
future
Ill make this
work if it kills
me!!
Hostility
Depression
Happiness Anxiety
Treat
Fear
Guilt
Tis can work
and be good
Moving Forward
Gradual Acceptance
Te Process of Transition
Exhibit 7
Source: www.businessballs.com
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
14
Te challenge in the people management is how to prevent the initial feelings of anxiety, happiness, fear not converting
into threat, guilt, and depression. Rather than leap frog them to acceptance and moving forward an organization can
look at achieving its defned goals by people participating in the change and growing as leaders.
HR assists the organization leadership in the change management. Te key issues to be addressed are
Why Change?
Whats there for people in the Change process?
How to convert the initial insecurity to the Positive mind frame of leaders in their areas of focus within the
organization.
Develop a framework where results are an outcome of a right process. Designed and implemented by people. A
clear appraisal policy based on process and delivered results go a long way to assure people about the objective nature
of Change.
Te long term objective is to develop exceptional people and teams who follow companys philosophy (Te Toyota
way).
Te Human Resource department can signifcantly speed up the success and benefts of the Lean initiative. Te
Leadership and the HR team needs to lay a foundation of the Lean culture by initiating the following functions
Right Recruitments and Internal Selections.
Defning people development framework and appraisal systems.
Clearly defning the expectations from teams and individuals, SMART goals (Specifc, Measurable, Attainable,
Realistic and Tangible).
Encourage brainstorming and counseling sessions.
Encourage the Lean drive through the organization through awareness campaigns.
Te idea is to integrate the departments and functions of an organization into a team.
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
15
Why Lean Implementation
Sometimes Fails?
Chapter 7
Lean is a way of working towards elimination of waste.
It requires transition of behavior and methodology that
may be deep rooted within an organisation. When an
organisation chooses to go Lean, it also stirs the entire
system. Not surprisingly, there will be instances where it
is said to have been of a limited advantage, if at all.
Lean is a fail-proof system an efort that is supposed
to eliminate waste cannot generate waste, an efort that
surfaces problems cannot itself be a problem, and an
efort that makes one responsive cannot be unresponsive.
However, it may also be natural to sometimes get
shocked by the realization of waste within our system,
to get muddled by knowing our problems and to resist a
blow that tries to wake us up from the slumber and make
us responsive. And so it is easy to say that the messenger
who is trying to wake us up be shown the door.
Some of the reasons why Lean methodologies may fail to
see the light of day could be:
Exhibit 8
Involve the associates in
process improvements
Measure the before and after.
Measure a legacy activity or process
to establish a baseline. Ten
measure again, once change has been
implemented.
Dont underestimate the impact of
your Warehouse Management
System (WMS) on lean distribution,
but, by the same token, dont let
systems alone drive the processes.
Dont assume associates to always
know about or comply with best
practices and Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs).
Do not assume that your supervisors
and managers are experts on lean
processes and change management
Involve management in
observing the processes frst-hand,
on the foor.
Snippet: Key Pointers for Successful Implementation
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
16
Lack of long term support and drive by Top
Management: Lean is a methodology which aids
continuous improvement. Top management must
acknowledge the fact that lean manufacturing is a long
term philosophy, and at the end of the day, it WILL
give the desired goals.
It is a pursuit where short term setbacks might need
to be embraced for long term benefts. So the initial
setbacks on achievement of a key objective should
not be the reason for scaling down of ambitions
or diluting the eforts. Te leaders need to always
focus on Continuous Improvement and not get
overly excited or de-motivated by the initial results.
Simultaneously, the program drive reduces once the
newness of the Lean gimmick dies down. In such
cases, themanagement needs to frmly demonstrate
the seriousness to embed Lean thinking in the culture.
Buy-In of the Team Missing: A lot of times, the people
working in the factory are not clear why Lean is being
implemented and why such changes are being done
to the various systems and processes. In that case, the
team will never buy in to the concepts of lean. Lean
becomes one of the organization gimmicks which
customers talk about for good factories.
Lean should come out as a drive by the people and for
the benefts of organization as a whole and hence its
people, assisted by organization leaders. Otherwise it
becomes an extra activity required to be done causing
one of the lean waste Overburden.
Lack of Consensus: Any decisions that are made in
the implementation of the project should be made by
consensus, thoroughly considering all the options and
implementing the decisions rapidly. No one should
pick a single direction and go on that path until one
has thoroughly considered all the alternatives. Tis
process is called Nemawashi.
Lack of Lean Culture and Discipline: Lean culture
can be defned as a work environment which respects
people and their thoughtsbut discipline can integrate
them in terms of defned processes.
One reason for failure of Lean is lack of this
understanding and discipline among the employees.
Employees can often be tempted to go back to the
old ways of doing a particular work because they were
more used to it. Tat is where they get it wrong, and
the entire Lean process can go to waste. Here the
leaders would be the key driving force in the entire
Lean implementation project.
Not combining the right Lean Tools: Tere are tools
that can function alone, like 5S, but in most cases all
the tools are interrelated. For instance, JIT cant be
attained without the involvement of TPM and TQM.
Tus, not combining the right lean tools can also
lead to failure of lean. Its about identifying waste and
removing it with a right approach. Example: going to
a single piece fow without attending to what makes
the system work will make the efort fail, even causing
huge losses and loss of faith in lean initiatives.
Continuity and Sustenance of Implementation:
Lean manufacturing is a never ending process. It may
not create initial wonders. Its a process that takes
time and resources. It is then the responsibility of
the top management that they are not discouraged
by the teething problems and give up on the entire
process. What is then needed is sustenance of
the eforts. Another case is when lean has been
successfully implemented, but not followed up with
the same passion. Lean is for enterprises that aim at
long term value. It is not meant for advocates of crisis
management. It is for enterprises that want to stay
away from long term crisis. Rome was not built in a
day, and Toyota became the worlds largest carmaker
after 70 years of existence.
Change Management: Lean manufacturing brings
about a variety of changes in the organizational
structure and working environment. People may be
receptive to changes, but it is human if they are not.
Te HR team has to help in managing the change
in such a way that people are positive towards it. It
always helps to keep all the people in the loop when
discussing the impact that the changes will incur in
their life.
To Summarize...
Until senior management gets their ego out of the
way and goes to the whole team and leads them all
together. Senior management will continue to miss
out on the brain power and extra ordinary capabilities
of the employees. At Toyota, we simply place the highest
value on our team members and do the best we can
to listen to them and incorporate their ideas into the
planning process
-Alex Warren, Toyota Motor Manufacturing,
Kentucky. Te Toyota Way
Lean production raises the threshold of acceptable
quality to a level that mass production cannot easily
match. It ofers ever-expanding product variety and
rapid responses to changing consumer tastes. It lowers
the amount of high-wage efort needed to produce a
product, and it keeps reducing it through continuous
incremental improvement. Lean can deliver huge
benefts to any business by following a proven path
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
17
approach. Success can be achieved provided the commitment is there at a senior level and that companies recognize the
need for some external support. And a word of caution, Lean is not about some slogans and 5S posters, it is a way
of organizational life far beyond the visual comprehensions of the method.
Snippet: No enterprise can ever be totally Lean
Lean is a pursuit to manufacturing perfection. Perfection is relentless and evolving, and hence elusive. However, the journey to perfection is full
of rewards. Te maturity of lean implementation may vary and total lean may continue to be elusive throughout the organizational life. It is
often seen that no factory can be totally lean, even if the level of implementation is very high. Tough, partial lean is not bad either.
A lean enterprise is one that:
Plans its sourcing, production and deliveries on the basis of Takt Time
Is alive to identifying and eliminating waste
Is alive to value added and non value added activities in its processes, and tries to reduce NVAWs continually
Understands the negative impact of having WIP, and continuously works on improving its processes to reduce WIPs to surface the problems
and make its system responsive
Understands the importance of Right First Time and Internal Customers and drives its quality assurance processes accordingly
Understands the immense potential of its people, the cost of an idle machine, the evils of a sub-optimal process and the hidden learning in
a failed process, a down machine and an error prone human.
Practices 5S as a way of organizational life
A Lean enterprise is is one that is on a never ending journey since the entire above have to be done everyday, relentlessly. A lean enterprise is
one that knows, it can never be totally lean
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
18
About -
Apparel Operations
One of Technopaks oldest divisions, Apparel Operations, has unparalleled expertise in apparel manufacturing and
best practices implementation. Tis division provides assistance to clients in initiating the apparel business and re-
engineering existing operations. Our extensive Body of Knowledge and Best Practice know-how help clients to set-up
manufacturing systems, train personnel and achieve high levels of performance to enhance proftability.
Technopak has in-depth understanding of all operational processes of apparel manufacturing. We have assisted in
diagnostics, reengineering, process improvement, lean tools implementation, middle management & operator training
and start up of numerous factories, in dozens of countries, and in several product categories. Our global footprints
include hundreds of clients in Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Senegal and Pakistan. Over 98% of
our clients who were surveyed wanted to engage Technopak again and even proposed to recommend us to friends and
colleagues. Broad scope of our interventions include:
Factory Start Up
Activities can be broadly mentioned as:
Planning and Design of Factory
Selection of Technology
Designing of Production System
Plan the Factory Layout
Selection & Training of Middle Management
Defne Organization Structure
Assistance in Recruitment and Training of Middle Management
Implementation
Engineer Operations and Systems
Implement AAMT and Build up of Efciencies
Implement Production and Quality Procedures
Implement Best Practices and Processes Lean, Six Sigma, TOC Principles.
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
BPR interventions include organizational restructuring and process reengineering, as well as the deployment of an
integrated information system. Technopak, through innovative solutions, helps organization to streamline their
processes, enabling smooth functioning across various departments. Our innovative process solutions help transform
the average factory by:
Improving the planning processes and target setting & communication
Improving throughput and order fulfllment efciencies
Establishing and driving performance (KPI) monitoring tools
Improving overall performance by Implementing Best Practices and Processes Production Engineering, Lean, Six
Sigma, TOC.
Outlook December, 2011 | Lean Manufacturing The way to Manufacturing Excellence
19
Indias leading management consulting frm with more than 20 years of experience in working with organizations
across consumer goods and services.
Founded on the principle of concept to commissioning, we partner our clients to identify their maximum-value
opportunities, provide solutions to their key challenges and help them create a robust and high growth business models.
We have the ability to be the strategic advisors with customized solution during the ideation phase, implementation
guide through start-up and a trusted advisor overall.
Drawing from the extensive experience of 150+ professionals, Technopak focuses on six major divisions, which are
Fashion & Textile, Retail & Consumer Goods, Healthcare, Education, Food & Agriculture and Leisure & Tourism.
Our key services are:
Business Strategy. Assistance in developing value creating strategies based on consumer insights, competition mapping,
international benchmarking and client capabilities.
Start-Up Assistance.: Leveraging operations and industry expertise to commission the concept on turnkey basis.
Performance Enhancement. Operations, industry & management of change expertise to enhance the performance
and value of client operations and businesses.
Capital Advisory. Supporting business strategy and execution with comprehensive capital advisory in our industries
of focus.
Consumer Insights. Holistic consumer & shopper understanding applied to ofer implementable business solutions.
About
Technopak
4th Floor, Tower A, Building 8, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon 122 002 (National Capital Region of Delhi)
T: +91-124-454 1111, F: +91-124-454 1198
Technopak Advisors Pvt. Ltd.
www.technopak.com
Amit Gugnani
Vice President, Apparel Operations
[email protected]
+91 98717 55992
Amit Mishra
Associate Director, Apparel Operations
[email protected]
+91 88009 44558
Ravi Katyayan
Principal Consultant, Apparel Operations
[email protected]
+91 98710 10028
For further dialogue, please contact: