Rectangular Concrete Tanks

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PORTLANDCEMENT
Rectangular Concrete Tanks
Section1. l ntroducti on
While a cylindrical shape may be structurlly best for
tank construction, rectangular tanks frequently are pre-
ferred for specific purposes. Special processes or operat i ons
may make circular t anks inconvenient t o use. Wlien several
separate cells are required, rectangular t anks can be
arranged in less space t han circular t anks of t he same
capacity. Tanks or vats needed inside a building are
therefore often made in rectangular or sqiiare shapes. For
these and ot her reasons. breweries. tanneries. and paper
mills generally use rectangular tanks.
Data presented here are for design of rectangular t anks
wliere the walls are subject t o hydrost at i c pressure of zero
at tlie t op and maxj mum at t he bot t om Some of t he data
rnay be used for design of coiinterforted retaining walls
subject t o eartli pressure for wliich a hydrost at i c t ype of
loading may be substituted in the design calcrrlations. Data
also may be applied t o design of circular reservoirs of large
diameter where lateral stability depends on t he action of
counterforts built integrally wi t h t he wall.
Another article on tank const ruct i on. "Circular Concrete
Tanks Without Prestressing," has been published by Port -
land Cement Association.
Secrion 2. Moment Coefficients
Moinent coefficients wcre calciilated for individual panels
considered f i e d along vertical edpes, and coefficients were
subsequently adjristed t o allow for a certain rot at i on about
tlie vertical edges. First. three sets of edge condi t i ons were
iiivestigated, in al1 of which vertical edges were assumed
f i e d wliile the ot tier edges were as follows:
1. Top hinged- bottoiii liinged
2. Top free--bottom Iiinged
3. Top free-bottoni fixed*
Moment coefficients for tliese edge condi t i ons are given
in Tables 1, 11, and 111 resptctively. In al1 tahles. a denot es
height and b width of t he wall. In Taldes 1, 11, and 111.
coefficients are given for nine r a ~i os of b/ a, t he liinits being
b/a =3.0 and 0.5. Tlie origin of tlie cooi di nat e system is at
midpoinl of t he t up edge; tlie Y axis is Iiorizontal; t he X
axis is vertical and its ps i t i ve direction downwai d. Coeffi-
:ients are @ven-except wliere t hey are known 1 1 ) he
zero-at edges, quarter points, and mi dpoi nt s bot h in ,\ illld
Y directions.
The slab was assumed t o act as a tliin plate. for 1111ich
equations are available in t ext books sucli as Thnv 1' ~f
PIates and Shells b'), S. Timoshenko.** blit since ( ~l l ! ' a
small portion of t he necessary calculations for rntjiill'nf
coefficients for specific cases is available in tlie engiiir+'linE
literature, tlicy Iiave been made especially for tlus artirlk'
Tabio I\' cont ai ns nioment coefficients fvr uniforiii I6';1d
on a rectangular plate considered hiiiged on al1 four ~111~' ~.
The table is for use in desigriing cover slabs and b1~11l)m
slabs for rectangular t anks wi t h one cell. If cover sldl' is
made coiitinuous over / nt ermedi at e sirpports, the dg.slFn
niay be niade in accordance witli procedures for t he d*31. n
of slabs supported on forir sides.t
Coefficients for iiidividual paiiels with fixed side r c i ~ c ~
apply without modificativn t o cont i nuous walls prc,tlllrd
tliere is no rotation about vertical edges. lri a sqiiare 1411k.
11-iei-efore. monicnt coefficients may be taken directly Ill)m
Tables 1, 11, or 111. In a rectangular t ank. howevci , 11"
adjustinent inust be made. as was done in Tables V a1111 VI>
sjniilar t o the niodification of fixed-end iiioinents 1 1 1 a
frame analyzed by moment distribution.
In this procedure the conirnon-side edge of t wo adilk " ~ l f
panels is first considered artificially restrairied so ttiial 110
rotation can take place about t he edge. Fixed-edpr III(''
inents taken froin Tables 1, 11. or 111 are usiially dissiiiiillll ti1
adjacent panels and tlie differences, wliich ccirrespoiill ' 0
unbalanced iiionients, tend t o i ot at e tlie cdge. Wlicii (I' c
artificial restraint is removed they will inciuce additill1l"l
moment s in the panel s Adding induced and fixetl l'lld
moi nent s al the edge gives filial end ni oi nrnt s3 wliicli ~~~~~~~
be idcntical oii citlier side of tlie coi nmon edge.
hloment distribution cannot be applied as simply t ( 1 ~ l ' e
case of contiiiiious tank walls as it can t o framed struc1111~' s-
bccause nioments inust be distiibrited siniuli:ineously allll:6
the entire length of tlie side edge so tliat nionicnts be c ~l l l ~c
eqiial at botli sides at any poiiit of tlie e dge Ttie prc,llfl'lil
*A~pl i c ; i hl ein r asr s wlferr i r ~: i l l slah. roiintrrf<,;t. alid hiri. al ""
:Irt. al1 huili intepr;illy.
*'l'uhlislied by McGr aw- Hi l l Rook Co.,News Yor .1940.
tSre Sr ct i i ~n 2002, ACI Sl ai i dar d 318.63. "liiiilding i ' "*e
Rr qui r er nenl s f t ) r Hrinforred Concrele." Amer i co Coilcretc III"".
t ut e. I)elroil. Mi r l i . , J ui i e 1963.

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