IBM Mainframe - JCL Material

Student Notebook
Job Control Language (JCL)

Student Notebook

INDEX

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION TO JCL 1

Introduction to JCL 2
Objectives 3
What is JCL? 4
How MVS handles Jobs 5
Initiators 6
Initiators (Continued) 7
Structure of JCL 8
Structure of JCL (Continued 1) 9
Structure of JCL (Continued 2) 10
Syntax 12
Parameters 13
Parameters (Continued) 14
Schematic representation of a Job flow 15
Unit 1 Exercises 16

UNIT - 2 THE JOB STATEMENT 17

The JOB Statement 18
Objectives 19
Purpose of the JOB statement 20
Parameters Accounting Information and Programmer Name 21
Parameter CLASS 22
Parameter MSGCLASS 23
Parameter NOTIFY 24
Parameter MSGLEVEL 25
Parameter REGION 26
Parameter TIME 27
Examples - TIME Parameter 28
Parameter RESTART 29
Parameter TYPRUN 30
Examples of JOB statements 31

UNIT - 3 THE EXEC STATEMENT 32

The EXEC Statement 33
Objectives 34
Purpose of the EXEC statement 35
Parameter PGM 36
Parameter PROC 37
Parameter REGION 38
Parameter TIME 39

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Parameters PARM 40
Examples of EXEC statements 41

UNIT - 4 THE DD STATEMENT 42

The DD statement 43
Objectives 44
Purpose of the DD statement 45
Parameter DSN (Data Set Name) 46
Parameter DISP (Disposition) 47
Parameter SPACE 50
Parameter VOLUME 51
Parameter UNIT 52
Parameter DCB (Data Control Block) 53
Parameter SYSOUT 54
Temporary Datasets 55
Temporary Datasets (Continued) 56
Refer back 57
STEPLIB 60
JOBLIB 61
Dataset Concatenation 62

UNIT - 5 UTILITIES 63

Utilities 64
Objectives 65
OS/390 Utilities 66
Utility Classification 67
Utility Control Statement (SYSIN) 68
Utility Control Statement Syntax 69
The IEBGENER Utility 70
The IEBGENER Utility 71
RECORD statement 72
The IEBPTPCH Utility 73
The IEHLIST Utility 75
The IEBCOPY Utility 77
Copying an Entire PDS 78
Copying Specific Members 79
Copying Multiple Specific Members 80
Copying and Renaming Specific Members 81
Copying Using EXCLUDE 82
Compressing Data Sets 83
The IEHPROGM Utility 84
The IEBUPDTE Utility 85
The IEFBR14 Utility 87

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The IDCAMS Utility 88
The IDCAMS Utility (Continued) 89
The SORT Utility 90
The SORT Utility (Continued) 91
The MERGE UTILITY 92
Unit 5 Exercises 93
Unit 5 Lab Exercises 94

UNIT-6 PROCEDURES 95

Procedures 96
Objectives 97
What is a Procedure? 98
Cataloged Procedures 99
Instream Procedure 101
Procedures cannot contain 102
The PROC and PEND statements in Instream Procedures 104
Coding an Instream Procedure 105
Coding a Cataloged Procedure 106
The JCLLIB Statement 107
Rules for overriding a PROC 108
RULES for DD statement overriding 109
Overriding DD statements of a Procedure 110
Symbolic parameters 111
The SET statement 112
The INCLUDE statement 113

UNIT-7 CONDITIONAL EXECUTION 114

Conditional Execution 115
Objectives 116
Why Use The COND Parameter? 117
Parameter COND 118
Compound Tests 119
Coding the COND Parameter on the JOB Statement 120
COND parameter coded in the EXEC statement 121
EVEN and ONLY 122
Effects of EVEN and ONLY 125
IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF 126
The relational expression (Continued) 127
The Relational Expression 129

UNIT-8 GDG (Generation Data groups) 130

GDG (Generation Data groups) 131

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Objectives 132
Generation Data Groups 133
PURPOSE OF GDGs 134
GDG- DSNAME specification 135
Relative Data Set Name 136
GDG- DSNAME specification (Continued) 138
GDG DSNAME BASE CATALOG ENTRY 139
GDG DSNAME CATALOG ENTRY 140
GDG EXAMPLE - FIRST GENERATION 141
GDG EXAMPLE SECOND GENERATION 142
GDG EXAMPLE THIRD GENERATION 143
GDG EXAMPLE - LIMIT EXCEEDED 144
GDGs IN A MULTISTEP JOB 145
Creating a Generation Data Set (Non-SMS) 146
Deleting a Generation Data Set 147

UNIT-9 SMS (Storage Management Subsystem) 148

SMS (Storage Management Subsystem) 149
Objectives 150
Why Use SMS (Storage Management Subsystem) 151
ADVANTAGES OF SMS 151
Additional JCL PARAMETERS 152
SMS Constructs 153
Specifying Constructs 154
Unit 9 Exercises 155

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UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION TO JCL

Student Notebook

Introduction to JCL

Objectives

What is JCL?

How MVS handles Jobs

Initiators

Structure of JCL

Parameters

Schematic representation of a Job-flow

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Objectives

Understand the need for JCL.

Understand the concept of a Job.

Visualize the processing flow of a Job.

Understand the structure of coding JCL.

Differentiate between the different types of parameters used in JCL.

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What is JCL?

J CL stands for Job Control Language.

JCL is a language that coordinates the activities of batch programs on the
operating system.
Using JCL you can tell the system:
What program(s) you want to execute.
What input and output datasets these program(s) will be using.
What should be done with the datasets once the program(s) end(s).
A Batch Job is a set of JCL statements that are used to input this
information to the system.

P

R

O

G

R

A

M
INPUT
OUTPUT
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How MVS handles Jobs

Job Entry Subsystem (JES) handles the Jobs before and after
the execution.
The Base Control Program (BCP) controls when a job gets the
CPU for processing (this is called dispatching).

The various stages of a Job while processing are:

Input: The J ob is put into J ES Input Queue waiting to be dispatched.

Conversion: The J ob is checked for Syntax and Validity.

Execution: BCP handles the dispatching of the J ob based on priority.

Output: J ob is sent to J ES Output Queue from where it will be sent for
printing.

Purge: J ob is in the J ES Output Queue from where it can be purged from
the system.

PURGE

INPUT
CONVERSIO
N
EXECUTION OUTPUT
MVS
JES JES
BC
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Initiators

An Initiator is a special Address Space to which Batch Jobs are
mapped during execution.
A system has a predetermined number of Initiators.
A Job must be mapped to an Initiator in order to be executed.
Each Initiator is associated with one or more Classes and can take
Jobs with those classes only (Each Job has one Class).
An Initiator holds a Job until the execution of the entire Job is
over. Only then can it take on any other waiting Job.
Jobs Job1 and Job2 get mapped to Initiator1 and Initiator2
respectively since their Classes match with those of the Initiators.
Job Job3 will have to wait for an Initiator, as, even though
Initiator3 is free, it cannot take a Job of Class B. Same case with
Job4.

Input
Queue

EXECUTION
Initiator
1

JOB1
Initiator
2

JOB2
Initiator
3

JOB4
(Class
JOB2
(Class
JOB3
(Class
JOB1
(Class
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Initiators (Continued)

What happens after J obs J ob1 and J ob2 finish execution?
Initiator1 and Initiator2 are now free,
J ob3 is the next J ob in the Input Queue, so, it gets associated with
Initiator1,
Similarly, J ob4 gets mapped to Initiator2,
Initiator3 remains idle waiting for a J ob with Class Z.

Input
Queue

JOB1

EXECUTION
JOB2

JOB3
(Class
JOB4
(Class
Initiator
1

JOB3
Initiator
2

JOB4
Initiator
3

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Structure of JCL

A Job contains one or more Steps.
Each Step signifies the execution of a Program.
Each Step has its own set of Data Definitions.
These define the datasets to be used in the step.
All the Steps in a Job are executed sequentially.
Max No. of steps can be up to 255.
Max No. of DD statements can be up to 3273.

JOB
Step
Data
Definitions
Step
Data
Definitions
Step
Data
Definitions
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Structure of JCL (Continued 1)

A Job generally looks as displayed above.

There are three primary operations (statement types) in JCL: JOB,
EXEC and DD.

A JOB statement signifies the beginning of a Job and also describes the
attributes for the entire Job in the form of parameters.

An EXEC statement signifies the beginning of a Step (Execution of a
program) and, optionally, the attributes of that Step.

All DD statements following an EXEC are the data definitions for that
step. They identify the input and output datasets in the step.

These are only a few of the statements available in JCL. There are
more, which will be discussed later in this course.

Each statement accepts a list of parameters. Some parameters are
optional, others are mandatory.

Structure of JCL (Continued 2)
//JOBNAME JOBParameter,Parameter,
//STEPNAME EXECParameter,Parameter,
//DDNAME1 DDParameter,Parameter,
//* This line is a comment
//*This line is a comment
// Parameter,Parameter One more comment
The
Job
The
Steps
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A J CL statement consists of one or more 80-byte records. A Continued J CL
statement can begin in column 4-16. Each J CL statement is divided into five
fields:

1. IDENTIFIER Field (//, /*, or //*)
Indicates a J CL statement and its type. They are:
a. // in columns 1 and 2, define all J CL statements except the delimiters
and comments.
b. /* in columns 1 and 2 as a delimiter. This signifies the end of in-stream
control statements. Installation-designated characters may also be used.
c .//* in columns 1,2, and 3 depicts a comment statement

2. NAME Field
Identifies a statement so that it can be referred to later. The name field
identifies the name of the job, the name of the step, etc,:
Must begin in column 3.
1-8 characters in length (alphanumeric or national (#, @, $))
First character must be alphabetic or national.
Must be followed by at least one blank.

Example:
//ABC JOB MY ACCOUNT,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A

The example above shows the beginning of job ABC, as defined in the
name field of the J ob statement.

3. OPERATION Field
Specifies the type of statement or command (e.g. J OB, EXEC, DD, etc.):
1. Follows the NAME Field
2. Must be preceded and followed by at least one blank.

Examples:
//STEP01 EXEC PGM=USERPGM
The first example contains the J OB operation, which identifies the J CL
statement as a J OB card.

The second example contains the EXEC operation, which identifies the
statement as a step (called STEP01).
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4. PARAMETER Field
Contains parameters separated by commas:
1. Follows the OPERATION field.
2. Must be preceded and followed be at least one blank
3. Consists of two types:
4. Positional
5. Keyword

Example:

The above J OB statement contains three parameters. Notice that they are
each separated by a comma, with no spaces in between.

5. COMMENT Field:
Comments can contain any information and are used to document elements
of the J CL. The Comment Field:
1. Follows the PARAMETER field
2. Must be preceded by at least one blank. Comment statement is recommended.
Example:
//STEP01 EXEC PGM=APGEN GENERATES THE MONTHLY A/P REPORT

Anything to the right of a space that follows the last parameter on the line is
a comment. Notice that there are no parameters following PGM=APGEN,
so everything else on the line is treated as a comment.
//STEP01 EXEC PGM=APGEN
//* THIS STEP GENERATES THE MONTHLY A/P REPORT

The Comment statement is also used to document the purpose of J CL
statements, or of the job itself.

Syntax
No spaces
Maximum 8 characters between parameters.
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//JOBNAME1 JOB Parameter, Parameter Comments
// Parameter, Parameter

Continuing parameters for the statement on the previous line.
Begin within column 4 - 16. Column 1 to column 72

Important points to note:

All J CL statements start with two forward-slashes (//) starting from
column 1.
Code the name for the statement (optional). Do not leave any blanks
between the slashes and the name assigned to the statement.
Leave at least one blank and code the Operation (In this case, J OB).
Leave no blanks between two parameters.
The parameters for a single statement can span across multiple lines.
Parameters continued from a previous line must always begin between
columns 4 and 16.
Separate the individual parameters by a comma ( , ).
If two forward-slashes followed by an asterisk (//*) are found starting
from column 1, the entire line is treated as a comment.

Caution: If a blank is left between two parameters on the same line, all the
parameters on that line following the blank are treated as comment entries.

Parameters

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There are two types of parameters: Positional parameters and Keyword
parameters.

1) Positional parameters: If coded, must appear in a particular order.

2) Keyword parameters: Can appear in any order.

Example:
//JOBNAME JOB A,B,X=1,Y=2,Z=3
Hence above example, assume A and B to be positional parameters and X,Y
and Z to be Keyword parameters.

Hence, the statement may also be coded as,
//JOBNAME JOB A,B,Z=3,Y=2,X=1

But NOT as,
//JOBNAME JOB B,A,X=1,Y=2,Z=3

If you do not want to code any value for the first positional parameter (A)
then, you have to notify the absence by coding a positional comma before
(B), i.e.
/ / J OBNAME J OB , B, Y=2, X=1, Z=3

Observe that keyword parameters are usually identifiable by an equal-to (=)
operator. In other words, they accept values in the form of one or more
constants or parameters.

Subsets of these two types of parameters are listed in the next page.

Parameters (Continued)

Positional Keyword parameters
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Even though PGM is a keyword parameter (accepts program name), if it is
coded, it must appear immediately after EXEC.

Example:
//STEPNAME EXEC PGM=Program1

Keyword parameters that accept positional sub-parameters
There are sub-parameters that may also be positional.

Example:
//DDNAME DD DISP=(A,B,C)
CANNOT be coded as / /DDNAME DD DISP=(B,C,A)

Keyword parameters that accept keyword parameters
There are also sub-parameters that are not positional.

Example:
//DDNAME DD DCB=(A=1,B=2)
CAN be coded as //DDNAME DD DCB=(B=2,A=1)

Schematic representation of a Job - flow
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Unit 1 Exercises
STAR
Is Synt ax
OK For
Entire
NO
YE
S
If More
Steps?
NO
YE
S
Proces
s the
Pri nt Output
Step
Ended
YE
S
NO
Pri nt
Error
STOP
When a job is submitted, JES prepares it
for execution, and temporarily stores its
information on DASD until OS/390 is
ready to accept it.
When an initiator becomes available,
JES selects the job for OS/390
execution. As OS/390 executes the
JOB there is syntax check.
If a JCL syntax error is detected, the
system bypasses the entire job, notify
the user and does not attempt job
execution.
Otherwise the job is executed step by
step, simultaneously printing the
output after execution of each step.
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Complete the following:

1. Which of the following is not a stage during a J obs processing? (Circle
One)
A. Input
B. Conversion
C. Execution
D. Substantiation
E. Output
F. Purge

2. The MVS subsystem that handles a Job before and after execution is
called _____________________

3. A special Address Space to which Batch J obs are mapped during
execution is called a _____________________

4. In order for a J ob to use an Initiator, the J ob must have the same as
the initiator.

5. The statement signifies the beginning of a J ob.

6. The statement signifies the beginning of a step.

7. The statement contains the data definitions for that step.

8. Which of the following is not a field in a J CL statement? (Circle One)

A. The Identifier field
B. The Summary field
C. The Name field
D. The Operation field
E. The Parameter field
F. The Comment field

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UNIT - 2 THE JOB STATEMENT

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The JOB Statement

Objectives
Purpose of the J OB statement
Syntax
Parameters
Accounting information and Programmer name
CLASS
MSGCLASS
NOTIFY
MSGLEVEL
REGION
TIME
RESTART
TYPRUN

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Objectives

Understand what the J OB statement accomplishes

Learn the most important parameters for the J OB statement

Code different J OB statements depending on the need of the J ob

Purpose of the JOB statement
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The J OB statement is needed for the following reasons

To identify the J ob and the person who submitted the J ob.

Specify which Class the J ob is to belong to.

Specify how the output should be handled.

To make an entity or group accountable for the execution of the J ob.

The J OB statement should always be the first statement in a J ob.

You can code more than one J ob in the same member, though it is not
usually recommended.

Syntax

The J OB statement accepts both positional and keyword parameters.

Example:

//ABC J OB MY ACCOUNT,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A

You can use the same J obname for more than one of your J obs.

When a job is submitted to the CPU, it is assigned a unique J ES
number. Thus, if multiple jobs with the same J obname are submitted
to the CPU, they are tracked individually by their J ES number.

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Parameters Accounting Information and Programmer Name

Parameter Type: Positional parameters

Accounting information and Programmers name are both positional
parameters. Accounting information appears first followed by Programmer
name.

Accounting Information:

Identifies the account code to be used for the job. This is primarily used for
billing purposes. An installation dependent value ranging from 1to 143
characters. A comma will replace absence of the accounting Information
field.

Programmer Name:

Identifies the person or department who is responsible for the job.
A character string ranging from 1 to 20 characters.
A comma will replace absence of the Programmer Name field.
Appears at the bottom of every page of printed output for the J ob.

Examples:
//MYJOB JOB MTPLACC25,JOHN SMITH,.
//YOURJOB JOB ,SUSIE JOHNSON,.
//HISJOB JOB MTPLAC30,,..

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Parameter CLASS

Type: Keyword parameter
Purpose: To assign a Class to the J ob.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A,..

CLASS=Class
(1 Character. Installation dependent. A thru Z and 0 thru 9)

Example:
//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A,.

J ob ABC will execute in class A.

As we have seen in Unit 1, the Class of a J ob determines the input
priority (a basis for Initiator selection).
As most installations do not prefer the users specifying the
dispatching priority for their J obs (a different parameter), the CLASS
parameter provides a less explicit way to specify the input priority.
For example, the user might select a Class that most Initiators can
handle.

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Parameter MSGCLASS

Purpose: To specify how the J obs output is to be handled.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER ,
NAME,CLASS=A,MSGCLASS=A..

MSGCLASS=Message-class
(1 character. Installation Dependent. A thru Z of 0 thru 9)

Example:
//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME,MSGCLASS=A

Using the MSGCLASS parameter, you can tell the system how to
handle the output of your J ob.
The valid values that you can specify for this parameter are dependent
on your installation.

In one installation, MSGCLASS=Z may mean that the output has to be
immediately routed to a printer. In another installation, it may mean that the
output has to be held in the Output Queue for later retrieval.

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Parameter NOTIFY

Purpose: To specify which user is to be notified after the J ob finishes execution.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER
NAME,NOTIFY=IBMUSER
NOTIFY=User-Id
(Any valid User ID defined to your security system)

Examples:

//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER
NAME,NOTIFY=IBMUSER

This example will notify the user id MAIN006 when the job completes

NAME,NOTIFY=&SYSUID

The value &SYSUID indicates that the user id, which submitted the job,
should be notified when the job completes.

The NOTIFY parameter can used be when someone needs to be notified
when a job completes, along with its maximum return-code (discussed later)
or Abend code.

Once the J ob finishes, if the user specified in NOTIFY has logged on, he or
she will get the message once he or she presses ENTER or any other
Attention Identifier Key. If not logged on, the user will get the message(s)
along with the logon prompts during the next login procedure.

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Parameter MSGLEVEL

Type: Keyword parameter accepting 2 positional parameters.
Purpose: To specify how much output has to be generated for this J ob by the system.

Syntax:
//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER,
NAME, MSGLEVEL=(a,b)

MSGLEVEL=(a,b)
a: Specifies how much of the J ob has to be printed in the output (job log).
Valid values are 0, 1 and 2
0 Print only the J obcard (J OB statement of the J ob)
1 Print all J CL and J ES statements including all statements in procedures, if any
2 Print only submitted J CL and J ES statements. Statements in procedures are not
printed.

b: Specifies which messages will be printed in the output (job log).
Valid values are 0 and 1
0 Print the entire messages only if the J ob abends (abnormal termination).
1 Print all the messages regardless of the outcome of the J ob how the job
terminates

Examples:

//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME, MSGLEVEL=(1,1)

//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME, MSGLEVEL=(,1)

//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME, MSGLEVEL=(2,)

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Parameter REGION

Purpose: To limit the maximum amount of memory that the J ob can
utilize.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER NAME,REGION=nnnnM

REGION=nnnnnnnK or REGION=nnnnM
n: Numeric value
Valid ranges:
0 thru 2047000 in case of K
0 thru 2047 in case of M
K: Kilobytes
M: Megabytes

Examples:
//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME,REGION=1024K

//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME,REGION=1M

REGION need not be explicitly coded unless specified in the
documentation for certain utilities.

If REGION=0K or REGION=0M is coded, the system assumes a
default region size.

Parameter TIME
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Purpose: The TIME parameter can be used to specify the maximum length
of CPU time that a job or job step is to use the processor.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER NAME,TIME(m,ss)
TIME =(minutes, seconds)
ON J OB STATEMENT - Indicates the maximum processing time for the J OB.
ON EXEC STATEMENT - Indicates the maximum processing time for the STEP.

Special Values

Any combination of minutes and seconds can be coded. However, there are
three values for the parameter that have a special meaning:

TIME=NOLIMIT means the job or step is not to be timed.

TIME=1440 TIME = 1440 is equivalent to coding TIME=NOLIMIT,
indicating that the job will not be timed. Thus 1440 is the only numerical
value of TIME that is not to be interpreted literally.

TIME=MAXIMUM means the job or step will be allowed to use to 357912
minutes. (This is about 8.25 months of processor time)

If coded on the J OB statement and any step causes the total time to be
exceeded, the job is abnormally terminated. If not coded, the J ES installation
default is used.

Examples - TIME Parameter
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//J OBNAME J OB TIME=(1,30)

//STP1 EXEC PGM =ABC, TIME=1

//STP2 EXEC PGM=BAKER, TIME=(,20)

//STP3 EXEC PGM=CHARLTE, TIME=NOLIMIT

The entire job will be limited to a maximum of 1 minute and 30
seconds. The first step will be limited to a maximum of 1 minute.

Note that the submitter is apparently asking that the last step not be
timed. However, coding TIME=NOLIMIT on the last step will NOT
accomplish this objective. The TIME=(1,30) on the J OB statement
will limit the maximum time for step 3 to 1 minute and 30 seconds.

If the time consumed by a job (or step) exceeds the value specified for
the TIME parameter for that job (or step), the job ABENDS.

TERMINATE JOB IF
TOTAL TIME FOR ALL
STEPS EXCEEDS 1
MINUTE AND 30
SECONDS
TERMINATE THIS STEP
IF TIME EXCEEDS 20
SECONDS
DO NOT TIME THIS STEP
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Parameter RESTART

Purpose: The RESTART parameter allows you to begin the execution of
the J ob from a Step other than the first one.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER ,
NAME,RESTART=Stepname

Example:
NAME,RESTART=STEP2

If you want to skip one or more of the initial steps in the J ob before
starting execution, use the RESTART parameter.
For example, if you have run a J ob with 2 steps, the first step runs and
the second step abends. You make the changes in the second step to
set right any error causing statement or parameter. Now, you will
require running only the second step. Therefore, you change the J OB
statement and add the RESTART parameter to start execution from
the second step onwards.

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Parameter TYPRUN

Purpose: The TYPRUN parameter controls the type of execution for the J ob.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER NAME,
TYPRUN=typerun,

TYPRUN=SCAN TYPRUN=SCAN Only check the J ob for syntax errors.
Do not execute the J ob. This is a common way to debug errors in your J CL.
The output, including error messages, if any, is directly sent to the Output
Queue.

TYPRUN=HOLD TYPRUN=HOLD Check the J ob for syntax errors and, if
no errors are present, hold it in the Input Queue. The job will execute when a
person (usually an operator) or another program releases the hold.

TYPRUN=COPY TYPRUN=COPY with COPY, no syntax checking or
execution takes place. The source content of the J ob immediately gets
directed to the Output Queue. The J CL is copied as submitted to the
sysout class specified in the MSGCLASS parameter (J ES 2 ONLY).

Example:

//JOB1 JOB ACCT2254,MARKJOHN,TYPRUN=SCAN,
//JOB2 JOB ACCT2112,MARK JOHN,TYPRUN=HOLD,
//JOB3 JOB ACCT634,MARK JOHN,TYPRUN=COPY,

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Examples of JOB statements

Following are a few sample J OB statements

Sample1
//USERJOB JOB ACCT54,JOE SMITH,TYPRUN=SCAN,
// MSGCLASS=X,CLASS=A,
// MSGLEVEL=(1,1)

Sample2
//MAINJOB1 JOB ,,RESTART=STEP3,
// REGION=4M

Sample3
//TECJOB41 JOB ,SMITH,
// TIME=1440,
// MSGLEVEL=(2,0)

It is a good practice to code individual parameters on separate lines. If one
of the parameters needs to be cancelled, all you need to do is comment out
the line containing the parameter (by putting an * in column 3).

Student Notebook

UNIT - 3 THE EXEC STATEMENT

Student Notebook

The EXEC Statement

Objectives.
Purpose of the EXEC statement.
Syntax.
Parameters.
- PGM
- PROC
- REGION
- TIME
- PARM

Student Notebook

Objectives

Understand the need for the EXEC statement.

Learn the most important parameters for the EXEC statement.

Code different EXEC statement depending on the requirement.

Student Notebook

Purpose of the EXEC statement

The EXEC statement is needed for the following reasons

To specify which programs need to be executed.

To specify which procedures (covered in later units) need to be
executed.

To specify the system required parameters for each Step.

The main purpose of a J ob is to execute programs. Therefore, any J ob will
have at least one Step (EXEC statement). When speaking of the EXEC
statements, Step and Exec are very frequently used interchangeably.

All parameters required by a Program are coded along with that step.
Parameters may also be coded to override either the default parameter
values and/or the parameters given in the J OB statement.

Syntax
The EXEC statement has one positional parameter and other keyword
parameters.

Example:
//JONNAME JOB NOTIFY=userid
//STEPNAME EXEC PGM=Program-name
or
//JONNAME JOB NOTIFY=userid
//STEPNAME EXEC PROC=Proc-name
or
//JOBNAME JOB NOTIFY=Userid
//STEPNAME EXEC Procedure-name

The program or procedure parameter must be the first parameter in the
EXEC statement. Hence, it is Positional in nature.

PGM=or PROC=is a positional parameter even though it is coded in
keyword format.

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Parameter PGM

Type: Positional parameter
Purpose: To name the load module program this is to be executed in the
EXEC statement.

Syntax:

//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A,.
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=Program-Name,..

Example:

//ABC J OB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A,
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=SAMPLE,.

The PGM parameter names the load-module you wish to execute in a
particular Step. The name of the load-module is a character-string ranging
from 1 to 8 characters.

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Parameter PROC

Type: Positional parameter
Purpose: To name the Procedure this is to be executed in the EXEC
statement.

Syntax:
//STEP1 EXEC PROC=Proc-Name,..

Instead of coding PROC=procedure-name, one can code the procedure-
name directly, without the PROC= syntax, since this parameter is
positional in nature.

Example:
//STEP1 EXEC PROC=USERPROC,

Can also be coded as:
//STEP1 EXEC USERPROC,

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Parameter REGION

Purpose: To limit the maximum amount of memory that the Step can utilize.

Syntax:
//STEPNAME EXEC PGM=Prog-name,REGION=nnnnM,..

REGION=nnnnnnnK or REGION=nnnnM
n: Numeric value

Valid ranges:
0 thru 2047000 in case of K
0 thru 2047 in case of M

K: Kilobytes, M: Megabytes

Examples:

//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A,..
//STP1 EXEC PGM=MYPGM1,REGION=1024K

//ABC JOB ACCT123,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A,..
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=MYPGM2,REGION=10M

As with the J OB statement, the REGION parameter can also be coded for
the EXEC statement.

If it is coded in both the statements, the value specified in the EXEC
statement overrides that of the J OB statement. However, the value in the
EXEC statement cannot be more than that of the J OB statement.

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Parameter TIME

Purpose: The TIME parameter can be used to specify the maximum
length of CPU time that a job or job step is to use the processor.

Syntax:

//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER NAME,CLASS=A,..
//STEPNAME EXEC PGM=PGMNAME,TIME=(mm,ss),.

TIME =(minutes, seconds)

Example:

//JOBNAME JOB TIME=(1,30)
//STP1 EXEC PGM=ABC, TIME=1

As with the J OB statement, the TIME parameter can also be coded with the
EXEC statement. If it is coded in both the statements, the value specified in
the EXEC parameter overrides that of the J OB statement. But, the value
specified in the EXEC statement cannot be more than that of the J OB
statement.

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Parameters PARM

Purpose: To pass data to the program that is being executed in the step.

Syntax:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCTINFO,PROGRAMMER NAME
//STEPNAME EXEC PGM=PGMNAME,PARM=Parm

Example:
//JOBNAME JOB ,,NOTIFY=JSMITH
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=SAMPLE,PARM=ABCDEFGH

The maximum length of the value specified to be passed to the program
should be 100 bytes. But, the system attaches a 2-byte binary value at the
beginning of the data-block passed. This filler contains the length of the data
passed. Hence, the program should compensate for the additional 2 bytes at
the beginning of the data-block into which it receives the value and refer the
actual data beginning only from the 3rd byte onwards.

Relationship of PARM to Cobol Program
//JOB1 JOB ACA123),ANDREW, CLASS=A,MSGLASS=A
//JOBLIB DD DSN=MAIN006.X100.LOADLIB,DISP=SHR
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=Sample,PARM=PRINT
//DDIN DD DSN=MAIN086.INFILE,DISP=SHR
//DDOUT DD SYSOUT=*

Take a look at linkage Section of a COBOL source code
LINKAGE SECTION.
01 PARM-FIELD.
05 PARM-LENGTH PIC S9(04) COMP.
05 PARM-INDICATOR PIC X(05).
PROCEDURE DIVISION USING PARM-FIELD
A000-CHECK-PARM.
IF PARM-INDICATOR = PRINT
NEXT SENTENCE
ELSE
PERFORM 0100-CLOSE-FILES

Parm Indicator is equal to the string PRINT.
Parm-length is the length of the parm field.

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Examples of EXEC statements

Following are a few sample EXEC statements in a multi-step J OB

//JOBNAME JOB NOTIFY=userid
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=MYPROG,REGION=4M,
// TIME=NOLIMIT
//STEP2 EXEC PROC=MYPROC
//STEP3 EXEC PGM=MYPROG,PARM=E001BROWN

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UNIT - 4 THE DD STATEMENT

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The DD statement

Objectives.
Purpose of the DD statement.
Syntax.
Parameters.
a. DSN
b. DISP
c. SPACE
d. VOL
e. UNIT
f. DCB
g. SYSOUT

Temporary datasets
Refer backs
Special DD names
Dataset concatenation

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Objectives

Understand the purpose of the DD statement

Learn the most important parameters of the DD statement

Be able to create, use and manipulate datasets

Code different DD statements depending on the requirement

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Purpose of the DD statement

The DD statement is required for the following reasons

To define the input and output datasets that is to be used by a
particular Step.
To create new datasets if required by a Step.
To specify all the dataset attributes required for creating new datasets.
To manipulate and specify attributes for existing datasets so that they
meet the requirements of the executing Step.
To provide input data other than dataset input to programs that are
executing in the Step.
To direct the output created onto an output device or onto the spool.

Most DD statements appear after at least one EXEC statement. But, some
special DD statements, as we shall see, appear before any EXEC statement
in the J ob.
All DD statements related to a particular EXEC statement should be coded
before coding the next EXEC statement. The next set of DD statements can
now be coded for the new EXEC statement.

Syntax
The DD statement accepts positional and keyword parameters.
//DDNAME DD DSN=X.Y.Z,DISP=NEW

Example:
//DDIN DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.INPUT,DISP=OLD
//DDOUT DD DUMMY

There are many keyword parameters that can be coded along with a DD
statement, as we shall see. However, there is only one positional parameter -
DUMMY. The explanation for this parameter is discussed later in the unit.

Usually DUMMY is the only parameter coded on a DD statement, but
keyword parameters can follow. However if the keyword parameters are
coded as the first parameters then there is no need to code a comma to
signify the absence of a positional parameter.

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Parameter DSN (Data Set Name)

Purpose: To specify the name of the dataset

Syntax:
//DDNAME DD DSN=MAINUSR.X.Y

Examples:
//DDIN DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.FILE
//DDOUT DD DSN=MAINUSR.DB2.FILES(DCLGEN)

The DSN parameter is used to specify the name of the dataset, which is used
by the Step.

The Step will have a DD statement for each dataset used by the Program.
The dataset may be used for input or output purposes as required by the
program.

Parameter DISP (Disposition)
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Type: Keyword parameter that accepts positional parameters
Purpose: To specify

The status of the dataset at the beginning of the step.
What action to be performed on the dataset if the step completes
normally.
What action to be performed on the dataset if the step abends.

Example:

//JOBNAME JOB , ,CLASS=A
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=SAMPLE1
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.INPUT,DISP=OLD
//DD2 DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.IN,
// DISP=(SHR,UNCATLG,DELETE)
//DD3 DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.OUT,
// DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE),
// VOL=SER=SYSDA,SPACE=(TRK,(1,1))
//STEP2 EXEC PGM=SAMPLE2
//DDIN DD DSN=MAINUSR.VSAM.IN,DISP=SHR
//DDOUT DD DSN=MAINUSR.VSAM.OUT,DISP=MOD,
// VOL=SER=SYSDA,SPACE=(TRK,(1,1))

The above example is a two Step J OB. In the first Step, the program
SAMPLE1 requires the use of three datasets specified by the DD names
DD1, DD2, and DD3.

In the first DD statement (DD1) the DSN parameter names the physical
dataset and DISP parameter states that the dataset already exists and that we
want exclusive use of this dataset (DISP=OLD).

In the second DD statement (DD2) the DISP parameter states to use the
existing dataset for shared use and that the dataset is to be uncataloged after
completion of the program. However if the program terminates abnormally
we want to delete this dataset.

In the third DD statement (DD3) the DISP parameter states that a new
dataset is to be created.

After completion of the program we want to catalog the dataset. However, if
the program terminates abnormally than the dataset should be deleted.
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The Disposition parameter is used to specify if the dataset already exists or if
it is going to be a new dataset. It also determines what is to be done to the
dataset once the program terminates normally, and if it terminates
abnormally for some reason.

The DISP parameter refers to the entire dataset and not to members of a
PDS.

The default DISP parameter is DISP=(NEW,DELETE,DELETE)

NEW Dataset does not exist at the beginning of the step and is to be
created. This parameter requires coding of some additional parameters like
Space, Volume and Data Control Block (DCB). Code DISP=NEW when
creating a new data set. DISP=NEW allows only one user to access the data
set at a time.

DISP =(__________,__________,__________)

NEW CATLG, CATLG
OLD UNCATLG UNCATLG
SHR KEEP KEEP
MOD DELETE DELETE
PASS

OLD Dataset exists at the beginning of the step and should be opened for
exclusive use by the step, i.e. no other process can access the dataset until
this step finishes execution. Also, if records are being written to the dataset,
the new records will overwrite existing records..

Code DISP=OLD to reference an existing data set. DISP=OLD allows only
one user to access the dataset at a time. The system places other users in a
Status Before
Step Begins
Action on
Normal
Completion
Action on
Abend
Completion
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wait state. If DISP=OLD is coded in output, the system starts at the
beginning of the data set and writes over existing data. The system writes an
end-of-file (EOF) after writing the last record.

SHR Dataset exists at the beginning of the step and should be opened for
this step in shared mode, i.e. any other process can also access the same
dataset while the current step is executing but, only in shared mode. This
means that no other process can code DISP=OLD for this dataset.

Code DISP=SHR to reference an existing data set and allow other users to
access the data set at the same time.

MOD If dataset exists, open it in exclusive mode (DISP=OLD) and, if
records are being written to it, add the records at the end of the dataset. If the
dataset does not exist then the status defaults to NEW.

Code DISP=MOD to indicate records are to be appended to the logical end
of an existing data set. If DISP=MOD is coded and the data set does not
exist, the disposition is treated as DISP=NEW.

Parameter - SPACE

Type: Keyword parameter that accepts positional parameters
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Purpose: To specify the Space related requirements for new datasets

Syntax: SPACE=(unit,( p,s,d),RLSE)

Where:
Unit - Specifies the unit type that space will be allocated.

Values are:
TRK - requests allocation of storage for the new dataset in terms of
tracks
CYL - requests allocation of storage for the new dataset in terms of
cylinders
p - Numerical value that indicates the primary quantity of space to be
allocated in terms of the unit specified
s - Numerical value that indicates the secondary quantity to be
allocated once the primary quantity is exhausted
d - Numerical value that specifies the number of directory blocks for a
PDS (see below)

Directory Blocks: Specifies the Directory Blocks the dataset is to have. Any
value greater than zero creates a Partitioned Dataset. Coding a zero in this
parameter or skipping it altogether creates a Physical Sequential dataset.

RLSE: Releases any unused secondary space from the dataset for use by
other processes once the step finishes execution.

Example:
//DDOUT DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.OUT,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),
// SPACE=(TRK,(2,3,1)RLSE),VOL=SER=SYSDA

In the above example, MAINUSR.COBOL.OUT is a new partitioned dataset
(PDS) to be created since the directory block is a value of one, and the space
required is in terms of tracks. The primary quantity is two tracks and
secondary is three tracks.

Parameter VOLUME

Type: Keyword parameter that accepts keyword and positional parameters
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Purpose: To specify the Volume serial number on which the dataset exists
or needs to be created.

Syntax:

VOL=SER=volume-serial-number

Volume serial number is the installation-dependent serial number of the
volume on which the dataset resides or needs to be created.
or
VOL=REF=cataloged-dataset-name

When you want to specify the name of a cataloged dataset instead of
specifying the volume-serial. Here, the dataset will be referenced from or
created (depending on the disposition) on the same volume on which the
cataloged dataset, mentioned in the parameter resides.

Example:
//DDOUT DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.OUT,DISP=(NEW,KEEP),
//SPACE=(TRK,(2,3,1)RLSE),VOL=SER=LP2WK1

Volume serial number is an important parameter to be mentioned for
datasets that are given the Disposition of KEEP and for those datasets that
are uncataloged.

For new datasets that are going to be cataloged there is no need to mention a
volume serial number.

When you retrieve a cataloged existing dataset there is no need to mention
the volume serial number.

The VOL parameter is a must while creating a dataset or accessing an
uncataloged dataset.

Parameter - UNIT

Type: Keyword parameter which accepts positional parameters.

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Purpose: To specify what type of device the dataset resides on or should be
created.

Syntax:
UNIT=Generic-unit-name
or
UNIT=Unit-model-number
or
UNIT=/Machine-address

Generic-unit-name:
SYSDA any Direct Access Device
TAPE any Sequential Access Device
SYSSQ any Direct or Sequential Access device

Unit-model-number: 9345
3380 DASD
3390
3490 Tape

Machine-address: The installation-specific address of the device

Example:
//DDOUT DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.OUT,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),
//SPACE=(TRK,(2,3,1)RLSE),VOL=SER=LP2WK1,
//UNIT=SYSDA

Parameter DCB (Data Control Block)

Type: Keyword parameter that accepts keyword parameters.
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Purpose: DCB is used to tell the system about the characteristics of the
dataset being referenced, such as the structure of the record and the Block
size.

Syntax:
DCB=(LRECL=nnnn,BLKSIZE=nnnn, RECFM=record-format)
n a numeric value

LRECL The Logical Record Length - Specifies the maximum length of a
record in the dataset. Values can range from 1 to 32760 bytes.

BLKSIZE The Block Size - Specifies the maximum length of a block in
the dataset. Values can range from 18 to 32760 bytes.

RECFM The Record Format - Specifies the format of the records in the
dataset i.e. fixed, variable, blocked, undefined etc.

record-format - F Fixed length
FB Fixed length Blocked
V Variable length
VB Variable length Blocked
U Undefined

Example:
//DDOUT DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.OUT,
// DISP=(NEW,CATLG),
// SPACE=(TRK,(2,3,1)RLSE),
// VOL=SER=LP2WK1,
//
DCB=(LRECL=80,RECFM=FB,BLKSIZE=8000)

For the RECFM parameter, some additional characters can be added at the
end of the RECFM value. They are,
A - If the records contain a carriage-return control character in the
first byte.
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M - If the records contain machine-specific device control characters
other than the carriage-return control character in the first byte.
S - If the records size may exceed the block size.
T - If the records may be bigger than the track capacity of the device.

Also you can code each of these sub parameters separately without including
them in the DCB parameter. However, if the DCB parameter is coded then
all these sub parameters, if coded, must appear within the DCB parameter.

Parameter - SYSOUT

Type: Positional keyword parameter
Purpose: To send program output to the SYSOUT print spool
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Syntax:
SYSOUT=class value
or
SYSOUT = * ( r ef er s t o t he MSGCLASS val ue on t he J OB car d) .

Examples:
//DDOUT DD SYSOUT=A
//DDOUT1 DD SYSOUT=*

If coded, the SYSOUT parameter should appear immediately after the DD
statement.

Use the SYSOUT parameter if you want to direct the output meant for any
dataset to the print spool maintained by J ES.

Example:
//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*

Directs the output meant for dataset SYSPRINT to the systems output spool.

Temporary Datasets

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Temporary datasets are used as scratchpads for storing data only for the run
of that step. After the end of the step, the temporary dataset is deleted unless
Passed to the next step.

The default disposition for temporary datasets is (NEW,DELETE,DELETE)

A temporary data set is one that is created and deleted in the same job. There
are three ways to request the creation of a temporary data set:

1. Omit the DSN
//A DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,1)

In this case the system will create temporary data set having a 44-character
name. The system builds date, time, and other information into this name to
ensure the name is unique.

2. Code a name beginning with && such as DSN=&&WORK
//B DD DSN=&&WORK,UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,1)

The system will create a temporary data set having a 44-character name. The
system builds date, time, and other information into the name to ensure its
uniqueness.

3. Code a name beginning with & such as DSN=&TEMP
//C DD DSN=&TEMP,UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,1)

The system will create a temporary data set with a 44-character name. The
system creates a unique name containing date, time and other information.
Names prefixed by && are preferable to those prefixed by &. In a name of
the form, DSN=&TEMP, the &TEMP can mean a temporary data set or a
symbolic parameter (to be covered later).

Temporary Datasets (Continued)

To avoid ambiguity use the form, DSN=&&TEMP.
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If you use two temporary data sets of the forms, DSN=&&WORK and
DSN=&WORK, in the same job stream, the system will interpret these to
be the same data set.

You can create temporary datasets by omitting the DSN parameter .

To create temporary datasets:
DSN=&Tempname
or
DSN=&&Tempname
Where Tempname is any name of 8 characters or less.

Example:
DSN=&&TEMPFILE

You can reference the dataset by coding &&TEMPFILE but, internally the
system will generate a long dataset name of 5 qualifiers which include User
ID, Timestamp etc. to maintain uniqueness.

To retain the dataset even after the current step ends, the temporary dataset
has to be passed to the next step by coding PASS in the second sub-option of
the DISP parameter.

It is not advisable to code the name preceded by a single ampersand (&) as
the name might be substituted by the value of a symbolic-parameter
(covered in later units) of the same name.

Refer back

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You can use refer backs if you dont want to explicitly code the value for
parameters.

The presence of the * indicates that a backward reference is being used.
DSN = *.DDNAME
*.STEPNAME.DDNAME
//STEP1 EXEC

//DD1 DD DSN=A.B.C,

//STEP2 EXEC .

//DD2 DD DSN=*.STEP1.DD1
//

Syntax:
Parameter=*.STEPNAME.DDNAME

Refer back indicator

Many parameters in J CL statements can use a backward reference to fill in
information. A backward reference (or refer back) is a reference to an earlier
statement in the job or in a cataloged or instream procedure called by a job
step.

A backward reference has the form:

*.NAME OR *.DDNAME
*.STEPNAME.NAME OR *.STEPNAME.DDNAME
*.STEPNAME.PROCSTEPNAME.NAME OR *.STEPNAME.PROCSTEPNAME.DDNAME

You can use any name for your DD statements but there are certain names
that have a special meaning to the system or to the program(s) that are
being executed.
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Below are some of the most common DD names that have special meaning
on most installations.

STEPLIB - Default search library PDS for the load-module being executed
in the step.

JOBLIB - Default search library PDS for the load-modules of all the steps
in the J ob.

SYSPRINT Default output dataset for printable output
SYSOUT Default output dataset for system messages
SYSIN Default instream input dataset for most programs

Note that if a DD name has a special meaning to one program, it may mean
nothing at all to another program

STEPLIB

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The //STEPLIB DD statement alters the normal program search strategy to
locate the program being executed. When included in a step, the library
named on the //STEPLIB DD statement is searched before the system
searches the default library, SYS1.LINKLIB

MY.LIB1SYS1.LINKLIB//LIBJOB JOB 8877,CLASS=T
//ONE EXEC PGM=FIRST
//STEPLIB DD DSN=MY.LIB1, DISP=SHR
----------
SYS1.LINKLIB
----------
//TWO EXEC PGM=SECOND
----------
MY.LIB2SYS1.LINKLIB
//THREE EXEC PGM=THIRD
//STEPLIB DD DSN=MY.LIB2, DISP=SHR

You are permitted to concatenate libraries to a STEPLIB DD statement. If
you do so the libraries are searched in their concatenation order.

STEPLIB overrides J OBLIB in the step, which has the STEPLIB statement.

JOBLIB

//ZEBRA JOB 66,CLASS=T
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//JOBLIB DD DSN=MY.LIB,DISP=SHR
//ONE EXEC PGM=FIRST

//TWO EXEC PGM=SECOND
--------
--------
//THREE EXEC PGM=THIRD

Code the //J OBLIB DD statement to identity a private library/libraries the
system is to search for each program in the job.

The //J OBLIB DD statement must be coded before the first EXEC
statement.

You are permitted to concatenate libraries to a J OBLIB DD statement. If you
do so the libraries are searched in their concatenation order.

Dataset Concatenation

//INDATA DD DSN=USERID.INPUT.FILE1, DISP=SHR
// DD DSN=USERID.INPUT.FILE2, DISP=SHR
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// DD DSN=USERID.INPUT.FILE3, DISP=SHR
//OUTDATA DD DSN=USERID.OUTPUT.DATA1, DISP=OLD
// DD DSN=USERID.OUTPUT.DATA2, DISP=OLD
// DD DSN=USERID.OUTPUT.DATA3,
// SPACE=(TRK,(1,1),RLSE), LRECL=80,
// BLKSIZE=6160, RECFM=FB,
// VOL=SER=LP1WK1, UNIT=SYSDA

Concatenation is the method of combining 2 or more datasets and making
them behave as a single file from the point of view of the program.

In case of input datasets records will be read in from files in the same order
as specified in the concatenation i.e. start reading from the first file, once
there are no more records in the first file, continue with the second file and
so on until the last file is read. Only then will the system encounter the end-
of-file condition.

In case of output datasets, writing will start from the first dataset. Once all
the space in the first dataset is exhausted, the next dataset in the
concatenation order will be written to and, so on.
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UNIT - 5 UTILITIES

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Utilities:

Objectives

OS/390 Utilities

Utility Classification

Utility Control Statement Syntax

IEBGENER Utility

IEBPTPCH Utility

IEHLIST Utility

IEBCOPY Utility

IEHPROGM Utility

IEBUPDTE Utility

IDCAMS Utility

SORT Utility

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Objectives

Understand the concept of a Utility.

Know how to code different Utilities.

Understand the functions of different Utilities.

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OS/390 Utilities:

Utilities are IBM-supplied programs that are intended to perform
certain routine and frequently occurring tasks in the OS/390
environment.

Utilities are used in DASD, tape drives, print and punch operations.

Utilities are used to allocate, update, delete, catalog and uncatalog
data sets, and also to list the contents of VTOC (Volume Table of
Contents).

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Utility Classification

Utilities are broadly classified into two different categories:

Data set Utilities (prefixed with IEB)

System Utilities (prefixed with IEH)

Data set utilities are used to copy, print, update, reorganize, and
compare data at the dataset and/or record level.

System utilities are used to list VTOC information, copy, delete,
catalog and uncatalog datasets, to write tape labels and to add or
delete dataset passwords.

Utility Control Statement (SYSIN)
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During execution, utilities open and read the dataset described in the DD
statement SYSIN. The Control statement parameters are given in this DD
statement. If no control statements are required then you have to use the
DUMMY parameter of the DD statement, since the program expects some
kind of input (in the form of control statement).

The format in which the SYSIN DD statement will appear is:

//SYSIN DD *
----Control statements-----
/*

Another way to code the SYSIN is to code the control statements in a
member of a PDS.

Then the SYSIN DD would appear as follows:

//SYSIN DD DSN=MAINUSR.CTL.LIB(MEM),DISP=SHR

Utility Control Statement Syntax
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The general format of a Utility Control Statement is :

[label] operation operands comments

Where:
Field

label is optional.
operation is required.
operands is required.
comments is optional.

Utility control statements must be coded in columns 1 thru 71. If a statement
exceeds column 71, then
Break the statement in column 71 or after a comma.
Code a non-blank character in column 72.
Continue the statement in column 16 of the following line.

The IEBGENER Utility

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IEBGENER is a dataset utility used to create, copy, or print sequential data
sets.

Example:

//JOBNAME JOB ACCT,APARNASANDEEP
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER
//SYSUT1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.SEQ.INPUT,DISP=SHR
//SYSUT2 DD DSN=ABC.SEQ.OUTPUT,
// DISP=(,CATLG,DELETE),
// SPACE=(TRK,(1,1)),VOL=SER=LP1WK2,
// RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,UNIT=SYSDA
//SYSIN DD DUMMY

In the above example, the dataset MAINUSR.SEQ.INPUT is being copied to
a new file called ABC.SEQ.OUTPUT.

The EXEC statement specifies the program to be executed
(IEBGENER).
The SYSPRINT DD statement defines the message dataset.
The SYSUT1 DD statement defines the input dataset.
The SYSUT2 DD statement defines the output dataset (can have
multiple SYSUTn, where n should be 1, 2, 3).

The SYSIN DD statement defines the control dataset. This is where
IEBGENER looks for any utility control statements. When DUMMY is
specified, there are no control statements being used.

The IEBGENER Utility

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This example shows how IEBGENER can be used for copying or printing
selected portions of datasets. In this case, selected records from
MAINUSR.ABC.REC will be printed.

Example:
//JOBNAME JOB ACCT,APARNASANDEEP
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER
//SYSUT1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.ABC.REC
//SYSUT2 DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSIN DD *
GENERATE MAXFLDS=2
RECORD FIELD=(10,20,,1),FIELD=(10,1,,15)
/*
//

This step executes IEBGENER to create the SYSUT2 output data and route
it to a print class.

SYSIN DD * indicates that instream records or control statements
follow this statement.
The GENERATE statement specifies that editing of the input data is
to be performed.
MAXFLDS=2 indicates that no more than 2 fields will be described
on the subsequent

RECORD statement

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The RECORD statement describes the input and output fields thru the
FIELD parameter.

Each FIELD parameter specifies the fields length, its location in the input
record, what type of conversion is to be done on the field, and where it
should be placed in the output record.

The format is:

FIELD=(LENGTH OF FIELD,POSITION IN INPUT, CONVERSION,
POSITION IN OUTPUT)

The FIELD parameters in the above example state to:

Move the 10 bytes starting in position 20 of the input record to the 10 bytes
starting in 1 in the output record; and to move the 10 bytes starting in
position 1 of the input record to the 10 bytes starting in 15 in the output
record.

The IEBPTPCH Utility

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IEBPTPCH is used to print or punch all or selected portions of datasets.
Editing can be done on the data to format the output.

Example:

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEBPTPCH
//SYSUT1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.ABC.REC,DISP=SHR
//SYSUT2 DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSIN DD *
PRINT TYPROG=PS,MAXFLDS=2
TITLE ITEM=(EMPLOYEES PROFILE,27)
TITLEITEM=(NAME ADDRESS,15)
RECORD FIELD=(8,2,,10),FIELD=(5,10,,20)

The PRINT control statement specifies that the dataset has an
organization of physical sequential and that a maximum of two fields
will be printed on output.

The output titles are specified on the TITLE control statements.

EMPLOYEES PROFILE will be placed position 27 of the output
file

NAME and ADDRESS will be placed on the next title line,
beginning in position 15

The RECORD statement describes the input and output fields thru the
FIELD parameter.

Each FIELD parameter specifies the fields length, its location in the
input record, what type of conversion is to be done on the field, and
where it should be placed in the output record.

The format is:

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FIELD= (LENGTH OF FIELD, POSITION IN INPUT, CONVERSION,
POSITION IN OUTPUT)

The FIELD parameters in the above example state to:

Move the 8 bytes starting in position 2 of the input record to the 8 bytes
starting in 10 in the output record; and to move the 5 bytes starting in
position 10 of the input record to the 5 bytes starting in 20 in the output
record

The IEHLIST Utility

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The IEHLIST utility is used to:
List entries in a DASD VTOC (Volume Table of Contents)
List entries in a PDS Directory.
List entries in a system catalog

Example 1:

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEHLIST
//DD1 DD DISP=OLD,UNIT=SYSDA,VOL=SER=ABC
//DD2 DD DISP=OLD,UNIT=SYSDA,VOL=SER=DEF
//SYSIN DD *
LISTVTOC FORMAT,VOL=SYSDA=ABC
LISTVTOC FORMAT,VOL=SYSDA=DEF X
DSNAME=(MTPL.FILE1,MTPL.FILE2)
/*
//

The above example uses IEHLIST to print two VTOC listings:

The IEHLIST looks for utility control statements coded below the
SYSIN DD statements:

The first LISTVTOC control statement requests an formatted
(FORMAT ) VTOC listing for pack ABC. This includes DSCB and
space allocation information. If FORMAT is omitted, an abbreviated
version is listed.

The second LISTVTOC control statement requests a formatted VTOC
listing for two datasets: MTPL.FILE1 and MTPL.FILE2.

Example 2:
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEHLIST
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//DD1 DD DISP=OLD,UNIT=SYSDA,VOL=SER=ABC
//SYSIN DD *
LISTPDS DSNAME=MTPL.FILE,VOL=SYSDA=ABC
/*
//

The above example uses IEHLIST to list entries in a PDS directory. The
LISTPDS control statement requests a listing of the directory for the PDS,
MTPL.FILE.

NOTE:

DSNAME cannot be abbreviated as DSN on a control statement

The IEBCOPY Utility

The IEBCOPY is used to copy members of partitioned datasets.
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The COPY statement identifies the input and output files by referring to
their DDNAMEs in the J CL. The format is:

COPY OUTDD=output-ddname,INDD=input-ddname

The SELECT statement identifies the members of the PDS to be copied. The
format is:

SELECT MEMBER=NAME (to specify a single member)
-or-
SELECT MEMBER=(NAME,NAME,NAME) (to specify multiple members)
-or-
SELECT MEMBER=(old,new,R) (to copy a member and change its name)

The EXCLUDE statement indicates that all members should be copied
except those specified in the EXCLUDE statement. The format is:

EXCLUDE MEMBER=NAME (to specify a single member)
-or-
EXCLUDE MEMBER=(NAME,NAME,NAME) (to specify multiple members)

Copying an Entire PDS

//MODAL2 JOB 0.2AMIP,.
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//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEBCOPY
//IN DD DSN=MTPL.FILE1,DISP=SHR
//OUT DD DSN=MTPL.FILE2,DISP=SHR
//SYSIN DD *
COPY OUTDD=OUT,INDD=IN
/*

The above example copies all of the members from the PDS,
MTPL.FILE1 to an existing PDS, MTPL.FILE2.

The IN and OUT DD statements define data sets to be used by IEBCOPY.

The COPY control statement specifies the input and output DDNAMES.

No SELECT or EXCLUDE statements were used.

Copying Specific Members

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//SYSIN DD *
SELECT MEMBER=ALLOCATE
SELECT MEMBER=((PROD,TEST,R))
/*

The above example copies the member called ALLOCATE from the PDS,

The SELECT control statement specifies the member ALLOCATE is to be
copied from the input to the output dataset.

Copying Multiple Specific Members

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//SYSIN DD *
SELECT MEMBER=(FILE1,FILE2,FILE3)
/*

The above example copies selected members from the PDS,

The SELECT control statement specifies the members: FILE1, FILE2 and
FILE3 to be copied.

Copying and Renaming Specific Members

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//SYSIN DD *
SELECT MEMBER=(JOBA,(PROD,TEST,R))
/*

The above example copies the member called PROD from the PDS,

The SELECT control statement specifies:
Copy the member J OBA.
The member PROD is to be copied in the following manner.
Rename PROD to TEST.
Copy the renamed member TEST to the output dataset.
If a member by that name exists in the output dataset replace it.

Copying Using EXCLUDE

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//SYSIN DD *
EXCLUDE MEMBER=ALLOCATE
/*

The above example copies all members MTPL.FILE1 except the member
ALLOCATE

Compressing Data Sets

//INPDS DD DSN=MTPL.FILE1,DISP=SHR
//SYSUT3 DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(TRK,(1,1))
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//SYSUT4 DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(TRK,(1,1))
//SYSIN DD *
COPY INDD=INPDS,OUTDD=INPDS
/*

The above example compresses the library MTPL.FILE1. Notice that the
same DD name is specified in both the INDD and OUTDD parameters.

The IEHPROGM Utility

The IEHPROGM is used to:
- Scratch (delete) a dataset
- Rename a member of a PDS
- Catalog or uncatalog datasets

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Example 1:
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEHPROGM
//NUM1 DD UNIT=SYSDA,VOL=SER=ABC,DISP=OLD
//SYSIN DD *
SCRATCH
MEMBER=ALLOCATE,DSNAME=MTPL.FILE, X
VOL=SYSDA=ABC
RENAME MEMBER=XYZ,DSNAME=MTPL.FILE1, X
VOL=SYSDA=ABC,NEWNAME=PQR
/*

The SCRATCH statement tells IEHPROGM is used to scratch the member
ALLOCATE in the PDS, MTPL.FILE.

The RENAME control Statement tells IEHPROGM to rename member XYZ
to PQR in the PDS, MTPL.FILE1.

Example 2:
//IEHPROGM2 JOB A123,MAHESH,..
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEHPROGM
//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A
//SYSUT1 DD UNIT=3390,VOL=SER=LP2WK1
//SYSIN DD *
UNCATLG
DSNAME=ABC.FILE,VOL=SER=LP2WK1,UNIT=3390
/*
//
In the above example:
The UNCATLG statement tells IEHPROGM to uncatalog the dataset
ABC.FILE. Use CATALOG to catalog a dataset

The IEBUPDTE Utility

The IEBUPDTE utility is used to create, update and modify sequential
datasets and members of partitioned datasets.

Example

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEBUPDTE
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//SYSUT1 DD
DSN=MTPL.MYPDS,VOL=SER=ABC,UNIT=SYSDA,
DISP=OLD
//SYSIN DD *
./ CHANGE NAME=MEM,UPDATE=INPLACE
JAY HARI 00000050
MARY CHRISTI 00000070
./ ENDUP
/*

When a PDS member is changed and then replaced or added to a PDS, it
normally goes in the available space after the last member in the PDS. If
several records in a member are replaced by an equal number of records,
IEBUPDTE can update the member without changing its address in the
PDS. This is called Update in Place.

In the above example, the PDS MTPL.MYPDS, contains a member named
MEM, which contains two records with sequence numbers (00000050 and
00000070) in columns 73 thru 80. When the IEBUPDTE job is executed,
those two records will be replaced by the two records in the SYSIN input
stream. This is an Update in Place.

Before:

ELIZABETH HENRY 00000030
THOMAS J OHNSON 00000040
RICO BROWN 00000050
TIMOTHY SIMMS 00000060
MARY BAKER 00000070
HARRIET WILLIAMS 00000080
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After:
ELIZABETH HENRY 00000030
THOMAS J OHNSON 00000040
JAY HARI 00000050
TIMOTHY SIMMS 00000060
MARY CHRISTI 00000070
HARRIET WILLIAMS 00000080

The IEFBR14 Utility

This utility is called a dummy utility, since its basic function is to do what
the disposition parameter of the DD says.

To Uncatalog a Dataset

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//UNCATLOG JOB A123,SUSAN JOHN
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEFBR14
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.COBOL.FILE1,
// DISP=(OLD,DELETE)

To Delete the Dataset

//DELETE1 JOB A123, SUSAN JOHN
// DISP=(OLD,DELETE)

To Catalog a Dataset

//CATALOG JOB A123, SUSAN JOHN
// DISP=(NEW,CATLG)

To Create a Dataset

//CREATE JOB A123, SUSAN JOHN
//SYSIN DD SYSOUT=*
// DISP=(NEW,KEEP),
// UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE(TRK,(4,2)),
// DCB=(LRECL=80,RECFM=FB,BLKSIZE=800),
// VOL=SER=LP2WK1
//SYSIN DD DUMMY

The IDCAMS Utility

IDCAMS is a special utility to create, delete, copy and print the contents of
VSAM and non-VSAM datasets.

Example:

//JOBNAME JOB (ACCT),SUSAN JOHN
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//STEPNAME EXEC PGM=IDCAMS
//SYSIN DD *
Functional-Commands OR Control Statements
/* (terminator)
//

Example:

//JOBNAME JOB (ACCT),SUSAN JOHN
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IDCAMS
//SYSIN DD *
DELETE MTPL.SEQ.DATA
/*
//

In the above example when the step executes, IDCAMS deletes the non-
VSAM dataset MTPL.SEQ.DATA.

Functions coded on IDCAMS Utility.

The IDCAMS Utility can be executed for the following function on VSAM
datasets.

Define them
Load records into them
Print them

The IDCAMS Utility (Continued)

Example:

//KSDLOAD1 JOB (A123),SUSAN JOHN,
//DDIN DD DSN=FILE1.TEST,DISP=SHR
//DDOUT DD DSN=VSAM1.KSDS.CLUSTER,
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// DISP=OLD
//SYSIN DD *
REPRO -
INFILE(DDIN) -
OUTFILE(DDOUT)
//*
//

Alter Command to alter a PDS

//ALTER1 JOB 23,SUSAN JOHN
//SYSIN DD *
ALTER -
MAINUSR.COBOL.LOADLIB (PROGRAM1) -
NEWNAME(MAINUSR.COBOL.LOADLIB (SAMPLE1))
/*
//
Here the MAINUSR.COBOL.LOADLIB (PROGRAM1) is changed to
MAINUSR.COBOL.LOADLIB (SAMPLE1)

The SORT Utility

The SORT utility is used is sort the contents of a dataset depending on a key
called the sort field. The sorted output is then written to another
dataset SORT is an alias or alternate name for ICEMAN. PGM=SORT or
PGM=ICEMAN on the EXEC statement will invoke DFSORT program
which is used for sorting an input dataset.

The SORT control statement is specified in the SYSIN DD statement.
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Example:

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=SORT
//SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
//SORTIN DD DSN=MAINUSR.SEQ1.INPUT,DISP=OLD
//SORTOUT DD DSN=MAINUSR.SEQ2.OUTPUT,
// DISP=OLD
//SYSIN DD *
SORT FIELDS=(21,2,CH,A)
/*

The above example will sort the records of the input dataset specified in the
SORTIN DD statement based on the field specified in the control statement
of the SYSIN DD.

The sorted dataset is copied to the output dataset specified in the SORTOUT
DD statement.

o The EXEC statement invokes the program.
o The SORTIN DD statement defines the input data set.
o The SORTOUT DD statement defines the output data set.
o The SYSIN DD statement defines the control data set.
o The SORT control statement specifies the position, length,
format and order of sort.

The above example sorts the records in ascending (A) order, using the 2
bytes (2) of character data (CH) starting in location 21.

The SORT Utility (Continued)

Example 2

//SORT1 JOB (A123),SUSAN JOHN,NOTIFY=&USERID
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=SORT
//SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=A
//SORTIN DD DSN=MAINUSR.ADDRESS.BOOK1,DISP=SHR
//SORTOUT DD DSN=MAIN006.ADDRESS.BOOK2,
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// UNIT=SYSDA,
// SPACE=(CYCL,(2,1),RLSE),VOL=SER=LP2WK1,
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800)
//SORTWK01 DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,(20,10),RLSE)
//SYSIN DD *
SORT FIELDS=(2,3,CH,A)
/*

The above example sorts ascending on the 3-byte string which starts in
position 2.

Assume MAINUSR.ADDRESS.BOOK1 in the input file has three records

089134 - Ms. Patti Smith,Nevada
012345 - Mr.J ohn Henley,Califorina
042345 - Mr. Abraham Scott,NewYork

After successful completion the output file will look into this.

012345 Mr. J ohn Henley,California
042345 - Mr. Abraham Scott,NewYork
089134 - Ms. Patti Smith,Nevada

The MERGE UTILITY

The MERGE utility is used to combine two or more sorted files into a single
sorted file

Bill
Don
Fred
Ann
Clara
Emily
Ann
Bill
Clara
Don
Emily
Fred

Merge
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This process takes records from up to 16 sorted data sets and
combines them in a single sorted output data set.

Each of the input data sets must be previously sorted in the same
sequence before the merge

In the above example two sorted data sets are merged into a single
sorted data set.

Example
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=ICEMAN
//SORTIN DD DSN=MTPL.SEQ1,DISP=OLD
//SORTIN2 DD DSN=MTPL.SEQ2,DISP=OLD
//SORTOUT DD DSN=MTPL.SEQ3,DISP=OLD
//SYSIN DD *
MERGE FIELDS =(21,2,CH,A)
/*

The merge control statement format is similar to that of the sort. Input data
sets must already be sorted in the same sequence. If all fields have the
same format, then the merge control statement can be written in the form:
MERGE FIELDS =(21,2,CH,A)

Unit 5 Exercises

1. The utility can be used to create, copy or print sequential datasets.

2. The utility is used to allocate and delete VSAM, non-VSAM
datasets.

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3. The utility is used to copy the contents from one PDS to another.

4. The DD name is used to code the control statement(s) for a utility
program.

5. The utility is used to print the contents of a dataset.

6. The utility is used to list the contents of a DASD VTOC.

7. The sort utility uses the program to sort an input dataset.

Unit 5 Lab Exercises

Logon to TSO/ISPF and perform the following exercises. Wherever you see userid in
lower case, substitute your valid security userid. Create a Physical Sequential Dataset.

1. In your PDS called userid.JCL.CNTL, create a new member called JOBTEST5.

2. Write a JOB Statement using the following criteria.
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- Job name - Your Userid & an additional character
- Account field - your valid account number
- Programmers name - Userid
- Job Log & system messages - Send to print class X
- Messages should be sent to the TSO user when JOB processing is completed.
- Maximum execution time 10 minutes.

Use the JCL listed below as a guide to this lab.

3. Add a step called //STEP1 to execute the program IEBGENER.

4. Include one DD statement called SYSPRINT. It should put the SYSOUT on the same
Print class as indicated in the JOB statement.

5. Include one DD statement called SYSUT1 referring to the member JOBTEST2 on the
library userid.JCL.CNTL

6. Include one DD statement named SYSUT2. It should allocate a new dataset called
userid.JCL.LAB5A that JOBTEST2 will be copied to.

7. Include one DD statement named SYSIN for a dataset that does not exist.

8. Submit your job and review/debug the results.
/ / STEP1 EXEC PGM=I EBGENER
/ / SYSPRI NT DD SYSOUT=*
/ / SYSUT1 DD DSN=user i d. J CL. CNTL( J OBTEST2) , DI SP=SHR
/ / SYSUT2 DD DSN=user i d. J CL. LAB5A,
/ / DI SP=( , CATLG, DELETE) ,
/ / SPACE=( TRK, ( 1, 1) ) ,
/ / RECFM=FB, LRECL=80, UNI T=SYSDA
/ / SYSI N DD DUMMY

IEBCOPY

Use the JCL listed below as a guide to this lab.

1. In your PDS called userid.JCL.CNTL, create a new member called JOBTEST6.

2. Copy the job card from J OBTEST5, and rename the job to userid6.

3. Add a step called //STEP1 to execute the program IEBCOPY.
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4. For this step:
a. Copy the member JOBTEST2 from userid.JCL.CNTL to a new PDS called
userid.JCL.CNTL1
b. Rename JOBTEST2 to COPY1 during the copy.

/ / STEP1 EXEC PGM=I EBCOPY
/ / SYSPRI NT DD SYSOUT=*
/ / I N DD DSN=user i d. J CL. CNTL, DI SP=SHR
/ / OUT DD DSN=user i d. J CL. CNTL1, DI SP=( NEW, CATLG) ,
/ / SPACE=( TRK, ( 2, 3, 1) RLSE) , VOL=SER=SYSDA
/ / SYSI N DD *
COPY OUTDD=OUT, I NDD=I N
SELECT MEMBER=( ( J OBTEST2, COPY1, R) )
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96

UNIT-6 PROCEDURES

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97
Procedures

Objectives

What is a Procedure?

Instream and Cataloged Procedures

The PROC and PEND statements

Coding an Instream Procedure

Coding a Cataloged Procedure

The JCLLIB statement

Modifying DD statements of a Procedure

Modifying EXEC statements of a Procedure

Symbolic parameters

The SET statement

The INCLUDE statement

Objectives
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98

Understand the concept of a Procedure.

Code instream procedures.

Create your own Procedure-Library with cataloged Procedures.

Use Symbolic parameters to code standard Procedures.

Create copy libraries for frequently used J CL code.

What is a Procedure?
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99

A Procedure is a J CL consisting of multiple executable steps but no J OB
statement.

This means that a Procedure consists of EXEC statements along with their
respective DD statements.

A Procedure would generally be written for a set of programs that you want
executed a number of times. Instead of coding these Steps repeatedly, you
would make these Steps a part of a Procedure and would then execute the
procedure as many times as required.

There are two types of procedures: Instream Procedures and Cataloged
Procedures.

Benefits of using procedures:

1. Procedure saves time by reducing the time required to code J CL.
2. They save library storage by eliminating duplicate J CL.
3. They reduce J CL errors by providing access to debugged J CL.

To execute a Procedure, an EXEC statement is required along with the
Procedure-name.

Example:

JOB

Execute P1
Execute program
Mypgm
Procedure P1
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100
//JOBNAME JOB NOTIFY=&USERID
//STEP EXEC PROC=procedure name

A Procedure name is a positional parameter of the EXEC statement and
therefore can be coded with out the PROC= syntax, such as:

//JOBNAME JOB NOTIFY=&USERID
//STEP EXEC procedure name

Notes:

A Procedure can, in turn, call another procedure. A maximum of 15 such
levels of nesting are allowed.

Cataloged Procedures

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101
A procedure which is part of a library is called a CATALOGED
PROCEDURE.

Since it a member of a Partitioned dataset, it can be used by multiple J obs.

It is not mandatory to have PROC statement in a cataloged procedure to
signify the beginning of the procedure. However, as we will see, this
statement is coded to contain the default values of symbolic parameters.

The PEND statement is also not mandatory in a cataloged procedure.

Instream Procedure

PROCEDURE
CATPROCCATPRO
EXECUTE CATPROC

EXECUTE CATPROC
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102
When you code the procedure in the job input stream, it is called an Instream
Procedure

An Instream Procedure begins with a PROC statement and ends with a
PEND statement.

An Instream Procedure can begin after coding the J OB statement.

Instream Procedures can only be executed by the J obs in which they are
coded.

Procedures cannot contain

JOB

Execute INPROC
Execute INPROC
Procedure INPROC
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103
J OB statements
DD * statements
DD DATA statements
Delimiter statements (/* followed by 78 blanks)
Null statements (// followed by 78 blanks)
Non-J CL statements (for example, J ES or utility control statement)

The PROC and PEND statements in Instream Procedures

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104
//JOBNAME JOB NOTIFY=USERID
//CREPROC PROC
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.JCL1.CNTL,
// VOL=SER=LP2WK1,
// UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(TRK,(1,1,1),RLSE),
// DCB=(BLKSIZE=800,LRECL=80,RECFM=FB)
// PEND
//*
//JCLSTEP EXEC PROC=CREPROC
//SYSIN DD DUMMY
//*

The PROC statement signifies the beginning of a Procedure.

An Instream Procedure must begin with a PROC statement.

The name of the procedure is determined by the LABEL field of the PROC
statement (CREPROC above). His is the Procedure name that will be used
by the J OB when executing it.

The PEND statement specifies the end of a Procedure definition.

Coding an Instream Procedure

//MYJOB JOB NOTIFY=USERID
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105
//MYPROC PROC
// PEND
//*
//JOBSTEP EXEC PROC=MYPROC
//SYSIN DD DUMMY

At Runtime:

//MYJOB JOB
//*JOBSTEP EXEC PROC=MYPROC
//* This is what the system visualizes
//SYSIN DD DUMMY

In the example, the instream procedure begins with the PROC statement and
ends with the PEND statement.

The procedure name is MYPROC which will be used to invoke the
procedure in the EXEC statement.

Coding a Cataloged Procedure

MYPROC Procedure

//MYPROC PROC
//PROCSTEP EXEC PGM=A
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106

//MYJOB JOB
//STEP1 EXEC MYPROC
//SYSIN DD DUMMY

During Run-time

//MYJOB JOB
//PROCSTEP EXEC PGM=A
//SYSIN DD DUMMY

Note that the PEND statement is not necessary for a Cataloged Procedure

The member name in which the cataloged procedure is coded becomes the
name of the procedure, which will be used to invoke it in a J ob.
A procedure can be cataloged by placing it in one of three types of proclibs:

SYS1.PROCLIB IBM-supplied system procedure library.
System PROCLIBs - defined by an installation.
A user-defined PROCLIB OS/390 or MVS/ESA SP V4 or Higher

Use the IEBUPDTE utility or ISPF/PDF to add a procedure to a proclib or
modify a procedure. (IEBUPDTE is described in the next topic). A PROC
statement in a cataloged procedure is optional and its label is also optional.
Its only function is to contain default symbolic overrides.

The JCLLIB Statement

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107
The J CLLIB statement identifies a library (PDS) that contains catalogued
procedures. Placing the J CLLIB statement in the J CL tells the J CL where to
locate the procedures being executed in the job.

Example: Procedure Library: MAINUSR.JCL.CNTL(JCLPROC)

//JCLPROC PROC
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.PROC1.PROC,
// VOL=SER=LP2WK1,
// UNIT=SYSDA,
// SPACE=(TRK,(1,1,1),RLSE),
// DCB=(BLKSIZE=800,LRECL=80,RECFM=FB)
// PEND
//*

JCL

//CATGC JOB A123,SUSAN JOHN,..
//DD1 JCLLIB ORDER=(MAINUSR.JCL.CNTL,..)
//CREAT EXEC PROC=JCLPROC
//SYSIN DD DUMMY
//*

Rules for overriding a PROC

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108
Parameters on the EXEC and DD statements of a PROC can be added,
modified or nullified with the use of JCL overrides.

Procedures are executed when invoked from a J ob, in its EXEC statement.
The programs coded in the procedure are executed as they are without any
changes. However, J CL overrides allow you to change the parameters given
in the EXEC statement and the DD statements of the Procedure. These
changes are limited for that run of the J CL only.

Rules for EXEC statement overriding.

To override an EXEC parameter, parameter.stepname=value must
be coded when adding or replacing a parameter, and
parameter.stepname= must be coded when nullifying a parameter.
The PGM parameter cannot be overridden.
All overriding EXEC parameters must be coded in the EXEC
statement that invokes the procedure.
All overrides to EXEC parameters must be completed before
overriding parameters in a subsequent step.

RULES for DD statement overriding

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109
To override any parameters in a DD statement an independent DD statement
must be coded in the following format:

//stepname.ddname DD overriding parameters

The sequence of overriding DD statements must be the same as
the sequence of the corresponding overridden statements.

An additional DD statement must be the last one coded in a
steps overriding statements.

Overriding EXEC statements of a Procedure

//MYPROC PROC
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER,TIME=NOLIMIT,
// REGION=4M
//SYSUT1 DD DUMMY
//SYSUT2 DD DUMMY
// PEND
//STEP2 EXEC MYPROC,TIME.STEP1=10,
// REGION.STEP1=

AT RUNTIME

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER,TIME=10
//SYSUT1 DD DUMMY
//SYSUT2 DD DUMMY

The syntax for overriding Procedure EXEC parameters is
Parameter.Procedure-stepname=value
In the example above:
The value of the TIME parameter has been changed from NOLIMIT
to 10.
The REGION parameter has been nullified

Overriding DD statements of a Procedure

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110
//MYJOB JOB
//MYPROC PROC
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.JCL.PDS,DISP=SHR,
// VOL=SER=LP1WK1,
// LRECL=80
// PEND
//STEP2 EXEC MYPROC
//STEP1.DD1 DD VOL=SER=LP2WK1,LRECL=
//STEP1.DD2 DD DSN=MAINUSR.COPYLIB,
// DISP=SHR

AT RUNTIME

//MYJOB JOB
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.JCL,PDS,DISP=SHR,
// VOL=SER=LP2WK1
//DD2 DD DSN=MAINUSR.COPYLIB,DISP=SHR

The syntax for overriding Procedure DD parameters is

//PROC-STEPNAME.DDNAME DD Parameter-modifications

In the above example
In DD1, LP1WK1 was changed to LP2WK1
The LRECL parameter was nullified (discarded)
A new DD statement DD2 was added

Symbolic parameters

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A symbolic parameter can be coded in place of any parameter as part of an
EXEC statement or DD statement. Symbolic parameters are variables,
which hold values that can be changed when the Procedure is called.

A symbolic parameter is a name preceded by an ampersand (&) and can be a
maximum of 8 characters long. The default values for the symbolic
parameter can be coded in the PROC statement.

To override the default parameter you will have to code the values for the
symbolic parameter in the EXEC statement that invokes the
procedure. Symbolic overrides can be used only when symbolic parameters
have been coded inside the procedure.

//MYPROC PROC A=LP2WK1,B=SYSDA
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.ABC.INPUT,DISP=SHR,
// VOL=SER=&A,
// UNIT=&B
// PEND
//STEPX EXEC MYPROC,A=LP1WK1,B=SYSSQ

AT RUNTIME

//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.ABC.INPUT,DISP=SHR,
// VOL=SER=LP1WK1,
// UNIT=SYSSQ

In the above example, A and B are symbolic parameters. Instead of hard-
coding the values for the VOL and UNIT parameters, they have been
assigned the values contained in the symbolic parameters.

In case we do not change the value of the Symbolic parameters when the
Procedure is called, the default values specified at the Procedure-declaration
statement (PROC) are taken.

The SET statement

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The SET statement is another way of assigning values to Symbolic
parameters.

//MYPROC PROC A=LP2WK1,B=SYSDA
//DD1 DD DSN=MAINUSR.INPUT.FILE1,DISP=SHR,
// VOL=SER=&A,
// UNIT=&B
// PEND
//SET1 SET A=LP1WK1
//SET2 SET B=SYSSQ
//STEPX EXEC MYPROC

AT RUNTIME

// DD1 DD DSN= MAINUSR.INPUT.FILE1,DISP=SHR,
// VOL=SER=LP1WK1,
// UNIT=SYSSQ

The SET statement can appear anywhere in a J CL between the J OB
statement and the first point where a SETstatement-assigned symbolic
parameter is referenced.

The INCLUDE statement

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The INCLUDE statement allows you to copy statements from any member
of the PDS(s) listed in the J CLLIB statement.

Similar to the way PROCs are used, INCLUDE allows you to code a single
set of J CL statements that you can use in multiple jobs.

//MYJOB JOB
//DD1 JCLLIB ORDER=COMMOM.PDS
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=MYPGM
//INDD DD DSN=A.B.C,DISP=SHR
//INC1 INCLUDE MEMBER=COMMON

AT RUNTIME

//MYJOB JOB
//DD1 JCLLIB ORDER=COMMON.PDS
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=MYPGM
//INDD DD DSN=A.B.C,DISP=SHR
//*INC1 INCLUDE MEMBER.COMMON
//SYSIN DD DUMMY
COMMON.PDS
MEMBER (COMMON)
//SYSPRINT DD
SYSOUT=* //SYSIN DD
DUMMY //SYSOUT DD
SYSOUT=*
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UNIT-7 CONDITIONAL EXECUTION

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Conditional Execution

Objectives

COND Parameter

IF-THEN ELSE Statement

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Objectives

Understand the need for the Conditional statement Understand the different
types of COND Parameter and their usage. Understand the IF-THEN ELSE
Statement and how to use it.

COND Introduction

Once a J OB starts executing, all of the steps are executed in the order in
which they are coded. J ES returns a condition code after the execution of
each J ob Step in a job.

This condition code has a special meaning in the execution process. A
condition code of zero specifies a successful execution, while a code other
than zero indicates some kind of error. The error code can be a value
ranging from 0 to 4095.

Some typical non-zero condition codes (and their meaning) are:

COND CODE 0000 Program execution was completely successful.
COND CODE 0004 Execution was ok but cause warning messages.
COND CODE 0008 Program execution was seriously flawed.
COND CODE 0012 Program execution was very seriously flawed.
COND CODE 0016 Program failed disastrously.

Condition codes are different from ABEND codes.
If a J ob STEP abnormally terminates (ABENDS), then all subsequent Steps
are bypassed.
If a step returns a non-zero condition code, processing continues.
The COND parameter gives you the ability to determine which steps of the
job should execute, based on the condition codes returned in previous steps.
The COND parameter is used on the J OB and EXEC statements.
Another way to control step execution based on condition codes is the IF-
THEN-ELSE-ENDIF statement, discussed later in this unit.

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Why Use The COND Parameter?

There are two reasons why we need the COND parameter:

1. To define conditions under which a step of a normally executing job is to
be bypassed.

2. To process a step even if a previous step in a job has abended or only if a
previous step has abended. Ordinarily MVS will terminate the entire job
when a step abends.

The COND parameter allows you to conditionally execute steps based on
whether or not the job abended (such as executing a recovery step at the
point of an abend).

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Parameter COND

The COND parameter can be coded on both J OB and EXEC statements. The
flow chart below explains how the COND parameter works.

The COND parameter states that if a condition is true then the step in which
this COND parameter is coded is to be bypassed. If the condition is false
than the step is to be executed.

Syntax
The pattern to code COND parameter is
COND=(value, operator, stepname)
(0-4095) GT , The name of a previous step that returned
LT the condition code to be tested.
EQ
NE
GE
LE
COND OPERATORS
GT greater than
LT less than
EQ equal to
NE not equal to
GE greater than or equal to
LE less than or equal to

IF
COND
?

By-pass Step

Executes Step

FALSE TRUE
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Example:
//STEP08 EXEC PGM=IEWL,COND=(4,LT,STEP06)

As mentioned earlier, the COND parameter states that if a condition is true
then the step in which this COND parameter is coded is to be bypassed.

If the condition is false than the step is to be executed.

In the above example, if 4 is less than the condition code returned for
STEP06, then STEP08 will be bypassed and will not execute.

If STEP06 has Will STEP08

This CCODE Execute? Why?
0000 Yes Because 4 is not less than 0.
0005 No Because 4 is less than 5.
0006 No Because 4 is less than 6.

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Compound Tests

You may specify up to eight individual tests for a single step.

The format is:

COND=(value,operator,stepname),(value,operator,stepname)

When the defined condition is satisfied it causes the step to be by-passed.

There is an implied OR relationship in any compound COND test.
Any one condition that is satisfied is sufficient to by-pass the step.

Example:

//LKED EXEC PGM=IEWL,COND=((4,LT,COB),(4,LT,PC))

In this example, the step LKED is conditionally executed based on two
separate steps COB and PC.

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Coding The COND Parameter On The JOB Statement

The J OB statement COND parameter performs the same return code tests for
every step in a job. If the J OB statements return code test is satisfied, the
job terminates.

The J OB COND parameter performs its return code tests for every step in
the job, even when EXEC statements also contain COND parameters.

If any step satisfies the return code test in the J OB statement, the job
terminates. The job terminates regardless of whether or not any EXEC
statements contain COND parameters and whether or not an EXEC return
code test would be satisfied.

If the J OB statements return code test is not satisfied, the system then checks
the COND parameter on the EXEC statement for the next step. If the EXEC
statement return code test is satisfied, the system bypasses that step and
begins processing of the following step, including return code testing.

Example 1:
//JOB1 JOB ,'LEE BURKET',COND=((10,GT),(20,LT))
This example asks 'Is 10 greater than the return code or is 20 less than the
return code?

If either is true, the system skips all remaining job steps. If both are false the
system executes all job steps.

For example, if a step returns a code of 12, neither test is satisfied, the next
step is executed. however, if a step returns a code of 25, the first test is
false, but the second test is satisfied: 20 is less than 25. The system bypasses
all remaining job steps.

Example 2:
//J2 JOB ,'D WEISKOPF',COND=((50,GE),(60,LT))

This example says 'If 50 is greater than or equal to a return code, or 60 is
less than a return code, bypass the remaining job steps.' In other words, the
job continues as long as the return codes are 51 through 60.
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The COND parameter can be coded on second and subsequent steps of a job
stream.

You can define one or more conditions on a step.

If any condition in a COND is true the step is by-passed.

If you omit the stepname in the COND parameter, the test applies to all
previous steps (such as in //STEP4 in the example above).

COND parameter coded in the EXEC statement

EXEC PGM=A

EXEC PGM=B, COND=(0,LT, STEP1)

EXEC PGM=C, COND=(0,EQ, STEP1)

EXEC PGM=D, COND=(4,EQ)

//STE
//STE
//STE
//STE
ProgramB is not executed if programA returns any non-zero
COND CODE.
Program C is not executed if program A returns a COND CODE =00

ProgramD is not executed if programA or programB or
programC returns any COND CODE =04

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EVEN and ONLY

The job can progress in any one of two modes

1. Normal processing mode.
2. Abnormal termination mode.

All jobs start up in normal processing mode, but when a program abends
MVS changes the job to abnormal termination mode.

In normal processing mode MVS recognizes each EXEC step and attempts
to execute the program coded at it. If any COND conditions on an EXEC are
true MVS does not run that step but goes on to the next step.

A job gets into an abnormal termination mode because a program has
abended.

MVS dumps out the program that fails and flushes out the reminder of the
job with no further processing. MVS will acknowledge the presence of the
steps remaining after the step that failed, but will not process them. EVEN
and ONLY are used under such cases.

EVEN and ONLY prevents MVS from flushing out the rest of the steps
when an abend occurs and prevents exiting the program.

If COND=EVEN is coded on an EXEC statement, MVS will process the
step even when the job was already put into abend mode by the failure of a
previous step.

If COND=ONLY is coded, MVS will process the step only if the job is in
abend mode. Such a step will be ignored in normal processing mode.

EVEN or ONLY can be coded in a step to gain MVSs attention in abend
mode, but both cant be coded together.

//STEP2 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER,COND=EVEN
//STEP3 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER,COND=ONLY

EVEN or ONLY can be used along with normal COND CODE test.
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//STEP4 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER,COND=((4,LT,STEP1),EVEN)

In this example, MVS will process STEP4 even if a previous step bends.

EVEN and ONLY do not guarantee that a J ob step will be executed if a
previous step has abended. Only control comes to this step and then a check
of all J OB and EXEC level COND parameters are done before actually
executing the step.

Effects of EVEN and ONLY
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Normal processing Abnormal termination
Mode Mode

No COND code
-or-
COND return
code tests only

COND=EVEN

COND=ONLY

IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF

Step is processed, Return
code tests can cause step to
be skipped.
Step is
acknowledged but
not processed.

Step is processed, return
code tests can cause step
to be skipped.

Step is processed
Return code tests can
cause step to be
skipped.
Step is acknowledged but
not processed.

Step is processed
Return code tests
can cause step to be
skipped.
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The way you code the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct
determines whether the statement construct tests all job steps, a single job
step, or a procedure step.

Job Level Evaluation

If you do not code a stepname, the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement
construct evaluates the return code, abend condition, or run condition of
every previous step in the job. If the condition (return code, abend condition
or run condition) is satisfied, based on the steps in the job that have executed
thus far, the system executes the THEN clause.

Step Level Evaluation

To test a single step, code the stepname of the step you want to test. To test a
procedure step, code the stepname. Proc stepname of the procedure step you
want to test. If the step or procedure step that you are evaluating did not
execute, was cancelled or ended abnormally, the result of the evaluation is
false. You can code the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct
anywhere in the job after the J OB statement. Code it as follows:

//[Name] IF (relational expression) THEN
//STEPTRUE EXEC
//[Name] ELSE
//STEPFALS EXEC
// ENDIF

Example:
//MODAL2 JOB 0.2AMIP,..
//SYSIN DD *

For the above example given, first it does the repro (copy) for the files
cobol.source.file2, cobol.source.file4 from the files cobol.source.file1,
cobol.source.file3, if MaxCC is greater than zero then set that to 16 i.e.
(MaxCC=16), else it will delete the input datasets.

The relational expression (Continued)

Example 1: This example tests the return code for a step.
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//RCTEST IF (STEP1.RC GT 20|STEP2.RC = 60) THEN
//STEP3 EXEC PGM=U
//ENDTEST ENDIF
//NEXTSTEP EXEC

The system executes STEP3 if

The return code from STEP1 is greater than 20, or the return code
from STEP2 equals 60.

If the evaluation of the relational expression is false, the system
bypasses STEP3 and continues processing with step NEXTSTEP.

Example 2: This example tests for an ABEND condition in a procedure
step.

//ABTEST IF (STEP4.LINK.ABEND=FALSE) THEN
//BADPROC ELSE
//CLEANUP EXEC PGM=ERRTN
//ENDTEST ENDIF
//NEXTSTEP EXEC

The relational expression tests that an ABEND did not occur in procedure
LINK, called by the EXEC statement in STEP4. If the relational expression
is true, no ABEND occurred. The null THEN statement passes control to
step NEXTSTEP. If the relational expression is false, an ABEND occurred.
The ELSE clause passes control to the program called ERRTN. This
example implies the following naming convention
STEP4.LINK.ABEND=FALSE is how you would test for an ABEND in
STEP4.LINK meaning that you type the job step and procstep followed by
a dot (.) and the work ABEND.

Example 3: This example tests for a user abend completion code in the job.

//CCTEST IF (ABENDCC = U0100) THEN
//GOAHEAD EXEC PGM=CONTINUE
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//NOCC ELSE
//EXIT EXEC PGM=CLEANUP
//ENDIF

If any job step produced the user abend completion code 0100, the EXEC
statement GOAHEAD calls the procedure CONTINUE. If no steps produced
the completion code, the EXEC statement EXIT calls program CLEANUP.

REPRO -
INDATASET (COBOL.SOURCE.FILE1) _
OUTDATASET (COBOL.SOURCE.FILE2)

REPRO -
INDATASET (COBOL.SOURCE.FILE3) -
OUTDATSET (COBOL.SOURCE.FILE4)
IF MAXCC GT 0
THEN
SET MAXCC=16
ELSE
DELETE (COBOL.SOURCE.FILE1)
DELETE (COBOL.SOURCE.FILE3)

The Relational Expression

There are four types of relational operators:
Comparison operators
For the above example
given, first it does the repro
(copy) for the files
cobol.source.file2,
cobol.source.file4 from the
files cobol.source.file1,
cobol.source.file3, if
MaxCC is greater than zero
then set that to 16 i.e.
(MaxCC=16), else it will
delete the input datasets.
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Logical operators
Not () operators
Relational expression keywords.

Comparison operators (GT, LT, etc.) compare a relational expression
keyword to a numeric value. The comparison results in a true or false
condition.
The logical operators & (AND) and | (OR) indicate that the system
should evaluate the Boolean result of two or more relational
expressions.
The (NOT) operator reverses the testing of the relational expression.
Relational expression keywords indicate that you are evaluating a
return code, ABEND condition, or ABEND completion code.

The THEN clause or ELSE clause must contain at least one EXEC
statement. The EXEC statement indicates a job step that the system executes
based on its evaluation of the relational expression. A THEN or ELSE clause
that does not contain an EXEC statement is a null clause.
You can nest IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement constructs up to 15 levels of
nesting.

Example 1:
This example tests the return code for a step.
//RCTEST IF (STEP1.RC GT 20|STEP2.RC = 60) THEN
//STEP3 EXEC PGM=U
//ENDTEST ENDIF
//NEXTSTEP EXEC

The system executes STEP3 if:
The return code from STEP1 is greater than 20, or
The return code from STEP2 equals 60.

If the evaluation of the relational expression is false, the system bypasses
STEP3 and continues processing with step NEXTSTEP.
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UNIT-8 GDG (Generation Data groups)

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GDG (Generation Data groups)

Generation Data Sets
Relative Generation Numbers
Building a GDG Base Entry
Defining Attributes for Generation Data Sets
Creating a Generation Data Set
Retrieving a Generation Data Set

Objectives
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Understand the need for the GDGs

Ways of Coding GDGs

Generation Data Groups

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A Generation Data Group (GDG) consists of like-named data sets that are
chronologically or functionally related. A data set in a GDG is called a
generation.

Why use Generation Data Groups (GDGs)?

You can only catalog one entry of a particular dataset name. In other words,
once a dataset (ABC.DATA for example) is cataloged, you cannot catalog a
new version of that dataset (another ABC.DATA).

Case 1: You attempt to catalog a new data set with the same name as an
existing data set.
CATALOG ERROR1 NAME ALREADY IN THE CATALOG.

Case 2: You keep the new data set with the same name.
J CL ERROR! DUPLICATE NAME ON VTOC.

Case 3: You catalog or keep the data set with different names.
J CL STATEMENT MUST BE CHANGED TO THE NEW NAMES

PURPOSE OF GDGs:

OLD
DATA
SET
NEW
DATA
SET
PROGRAM
READ
CHANGE DATA
WRITE
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For datasets that get created on a daily basis, GDGs allow you to create new
versions of a dataset where the base name of the dataset remains the same,
and a new generation number gets tagged onto the end of each new version
of the dataset name.

One example of GDG use might be a daily transaction log. Each day a new
file is created showing the transactions of that day. The base name of the
transaction log might be TRANS.LOG, where the actual generations would
be called TRANS.LOG.G0001V00, TRANS.LOG.G0002V00,
TRANS.LOG.G0003V00, etc.

GDG- DSNAME specification

Generation data sets (generations) have two types of names: Relative and
Absolute
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EXAMPLE
DSN=ABC.DAILY.TRANS(+1)DSN=ABC.DAILY.TRANS.G0053V00
Absolute Data Set Name:

The absolute data set name is the true data set name you would see on the
volume table of contents
(VTOC).
The Format is:

DSN = NAME.GDG.G0052V00

VERSION NUMBER
GENERATION NUMBER

Relative Data Set Name:

The relative name is the most common form of GDG name used in J CL
coding. It refers to a generation number relative to the most current
generation in the catalog.

DSN=ABD.DAILY.TRANS(+n)DSN=ABC.DAILY.TRANS.GxxxxVyy

(+n) Add a new generationGxxxxVyy:
(+0) Use current generation numberxxxxGeneration number
(-n) Use an old generationyyVersion number

EXAMPLE
DSN=ABC.DAILY.TRANS(+1)DSN=ABC.DAILY.TRANS.G0053V00

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The format is:

DSN=NAME.GDG(+n) or DSN = NAME.GDG(-n)

where n is the relative generation number of the GDG.

Possible Formats

(+n) Create a new generation by adding n to the current generation in the
catalog DSN=NAME.GDG(+1)

(0) Use the current generation in the catalog DSN=NAME.GDG(0)

(-n) Use the generation that is n less than the current generation
DSN=NAME.GDG(-1)

Example

Current Catalog Entries

ABC.TRANS.DAILY.G0053V00
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With the current catalog entries shown above, the following GDGs would
be translated as shown:

Dataset Translates to
DSN=ABC.TRANS.DAILY(-1),DISP=OLD

The current generation in the catalog is G0053V00. Since 53 1 =52,
G0052V00 is the generation requested. This is common when reading the
previous cycles file.

The current generation in the catalog is G0053V00. This is used to read the
most current file available.

DSN=ABC.TRANS.DAILY(+1),DISP=(NEW,CATLG)

The current generation in the catalog is G0053V00. Since 53 +1 =54,
G0054V00 is the generation requested. This is used when creating a new
file for the current cycle.

GDG- DSNAME specification (Continued)

The generation number starts with G0001 for the first generation and is
incremented by the value coded in the relative data set name.

For Example:

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RELATIVE NAME ABSOLUTE NAME

NAME.GDG (+0) NAME.GDG.G0003V00 current generation
NAME.GDG (-1) NAME.GDG.G0002V00 current generation -1
NAME.GDG (-2) NAME.GDG.G0001V00 current generation -2

IBM does not use the V00 or Version number. The version number is set to
V00 with the first generation. If a generation is damaged and needs to be
replaced, an installation can code the absolute name with a new version
number, to replace the damaged generation, such as

//INDD DD DSN=NAME.GDG.G0052V00,DISP=OLD
//OUTDD DD DSN=NAME.GDG.G0052V01,DISP=(,CATLG)

GDG DSNAME BASE CATALOG ENTRY

Before a generation data set can be created by a job, a GDG base Catalog
entry and model DSCB (or pattern DSCB) must be defined to the catalog.
(SMS does not support model DSCBs).

This is a sample IDCAMS job stream, which can be used to create both the
catalog entry and build a model DSCB.
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//JOBNAME JOB, ,
//DSCB DD DSN=TEST.MODELDSCB.GDG1,SPACE=(TRK,0),
DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800),
UNIT=SYSDA,DISP=(,KEEP)
//SYSIN DD *
DEFINE GENERATIONDATAGROUP -
(NAME (TEST.GDG) -
NOSCRATCH -
NOEMPTY -
LIMIT (3))

There are five control statement parameters which are used in creating a
GDG base catalog entry. They are:

LIMIT Maximum number of generations allowed for this GDG entry
EMPTY When limit is exceeded, uncatalog all generations.
NOEMPTY When limit is exceeded, uncatalog oldest entry only
SCRATCH Delete any uncataloged generation.
NOSCRATCH Do not delete any uncataloged generation.

The model DSCB (//DSCB in the example above) ensures that the same
DCB and EXPDT information is used to create all generations. This ensures
greater consistency among generations.

The model DSCB must be allocated with Zero space, and it cannot be
cataloged.
The model DSCB must also lie on the same volume where the base catalog
entry is cataloged.

GDG DSNAME CATALOG ENTRY

The following example shows a view of a GDG Catalog entry.

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Notice that the catalog entry operates like a pushdown stack.

As new generations get created, the relative numbers for existing generations
changes

GDG EXAMPLE - FIRST GENERATION

The following example shows what happens when the first generation of a
GDG gets created.

TEST.GDGBASE CATALOG ENTRY
Generation
Number
G0007

G0006

G0005

G0004

G0003

G0002

G0001
+0

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

RELATIVE POSITION IN CATALOG ENTRY
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As the first generation of the generation data group named TEST.GDG is
created:

Note that the DISP=(,CATLG) is required when creating a new generation.

Relative generation (+0) is generation G0001V00.

The GDG Base must be created prior to creating any generation of the
dataset

GDG EXAMPLE SECOND GENERATION

The following example shows what happens when the second generation of
a GDG gets created.

TEST.GDG
//EXAMPLEJOB 378,SMITH,CLASS=T
//STEP1EXECPGM=USERPGM1
//FIRSTDDDSN=TEST.GDG.(+1),DISP=(,CATLG),
//INPUTDDDSN=INITIAL.DATA,DISP=OLD

+0 G0001 TEST.GDG.G0001V00
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As the second generation of the generation data group named TEST.GDG is
created:

The current generation (0) is used as input. You are not required to code the
plus sign with the zero (+0), a zero without the plus sign (0) is acceptable
and commonly used.

A new generation (+1) is created.

Notice that the catalog entry operates like a push-down stack. Generation
G0001V00 is now the (-1) generation.

GDG EXAMPLE THIRD GENERATION

The following example shows what happens when the third generation of a
GDG gets created.

//EXAMPLEJOB378,SMITH, CLASS=G
//STEPXEXECPGM=MAINLINE
//GDGINDDDSN=TEST.GDG.(+0),DISP= OLD
//GDGOUTDDDSN=TEST.GDG(+1),DISP=(NEW, CATLG),
//

+0 G0002
-1 G0001
TEST.GDG

TEST.GDG.G0002V00
TEST.GDG.G0001V00

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As the third generation of the generation data group named TEST.GDG is
created:

The current generation (0) is used as input.
A new generation (+1) is created.
Notice that the catalog entry operates like a pushdown stack.

GDG EXAMPLE - LIMIT EXCEEDED

Once a GDG reaches the number of generations defined in its LIMIT, the
oldest generation rolls off the catalog as a new generation gets created.
The old generation may automatically be kept or scratched, depending on
the option you chose when you defined the GDG base.
//EXAMPLEJOB378,SMITH, CLASS=G
//GDGINDDDSN=TEST.GDG(+0),DISP= OLD
//

+0 G0003
-1 G0002
-2 G0001
TEST.GDG
TEST.GDG.G0003V00
TEST.GDG.G0002V00
TEST.GDG.G0001V00

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As the fourth generation of the generation data group named TEST.GDG is
created:

The current generation (0) is used as input.
A new generation (+1) is created
The first generation, TEST.GDG.G0001V00, will be removed from
the list of cataloged entries, since the LIMIT was defined as 3.
Since NOSCRATCH was specified, this generation will be kept,
though it will no longer be cataloged

Other Notes
If the generations are SMS managed, this generation will remain in
the catalog.
If the generations were NN-SMS managed, the generation would have
been uncataloged.
The maximum no. of generations that MVS can manage for a data set
is 255.

GDGs IN A MULTISTEP JOB

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=ONE
//INBIG DD DSN=A.AIR,DISP=OLD
//OUT1 DD DSN=A.AIR(+1),DISP=(,CATLG,DELETE) .

--------------
//STEP2 EXEC PGM=TWO

+0 G0004
-1 G0003
-2 G0002

//EXAMPLEJOB 378,SMITH, CLASS=G
//GDGINDDDSN=TEST.GDG(+0),DISP= OLD
//
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//IN2 DD DSN=PROD.DATA,DISP=OLD
//OUT2 DD DSN=A.AIR(+2),DISP=(,CATLG,DELETE)

- - - - - - - - - -
//STEP3 EXEC PGM=THREE
//IN3 DD DSN=A.AIR(+1),DISP=OLD
// DD DSN=A.AIR(+2),DISP=OLD

STEP1
A GDGALL request (DSN=A.AIR) is IBMs terminology for
automatic concatenation of ALL generations currently in the catalog.
The (+1) generation in DD OUT1 creates a new generation.

STEP3
Notice that the (+1) generation is now OLD. Even though that
generation was cataloged in STEP1, and the catalog pushed down,
you do not adjust the relative generation numbers within the same job.
The system does that internally.
As additional generations are specified in this step, increment the
relative generation number. An increment of 1 is shown, but any
increment can be used.

Notes

Relative GDG numbers are not updated until end of job, therefore the
relative numbers are held constant throughout a single job.

Use DISP=OLD when processing a GDG to prevent other jobs (on the
same system) from processing the same GDG at the same time.

Creating a Generation Data Set (Non-SMS)

When creating a new non-SMS-managed generation data set, always code
the parameters

DSNAME
DISP
UNIT
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Optionally, code the parameters

VOLUME
SPACE
LABEL
DCB

In the DSNAME parameter, code the name of the GDG followed by a
number, +1 to +255, in parentheses.

If this is the first dataset being added to a GDG in the job, code +1 in
parentheses. Each time in the job you add a dataset to the same GDG,
increase the number by one.

When referring to this data set in a subsequent job step, code the relative
generation number used to create it on the DSNAME parameter. You cannot
refer to the dataset in the same step in which it was created.

At the end of the job, the system updates the relative generation numbers of
all generations in the group to reflect the additions.

Deleting a Generation Data Set

Use the DELETE parameter of the IDCAMS utility to delete a GDG from
the catalog, such as:

//MODAL2 JOB 0.2AMIP
//SYSIN DD *
DELETE ABC.DATA.MONTHLY FORCE
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/*
//

In this example the GDG called ABC.DATA.MONTHLY is deleted. The
FORCE parameter physically purges all entries related to GDG.

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UNIT-9 SMS (Storage Management Subsystem)

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SMS (Storage Management Subsystem)

Objectives

Introduction

Advantages of SMS

New J CL Parameters

SMS Constructs

Specifying Constructs

Objectives
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Understand basic SMS Concepts

Understand the Advantages of SMS

Understand Overriding Attributes ( New J CL PARM)

Understand SMS Constructs

Understand Migration and Backup with SMS

Why Use SMS (Storage Management Subsystem)

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Storage Management Subsystem (SMS) is an optional feature of MVS,
which is used to improve the management of available disk space in the data
center.

In J CL, normally the developer must specify allocation attributes of datasets,
such as the size and location about the data sets, to the operating systems. If
they dont allocate files correctly, this can lead to wasted disk space, and
makes it difficult to manage the DASD in the data center.

ADVANTAGES OF SMS

SMS managed data sets have several advantages:

Users are relieved of making decisions about the resource allocation of
datasets, since it is handled by SMS.

SMS provides the capability of concatenating data sets of unlike devices.
SMS Managed data sets cannot be deleted unless they are first uncataloged
Due to this extra step, erroneous deletion of data sets is minimized.

Additional features are available in the use of IDCAMS in the SMS
environment.

VSAM data sets created in an SMS environment offer more flexibility than
those created through J CL in a nonSMS environment.

With SMS, the system obtains information about the attributes of a data set
from the data class for the data set. In many cases, the attributes defined in
the data class, selected by an installation-written automatic class selection
(ACS) routine, are sufficient for the data sets you create with DD
statements.

Additional JCL PARAMETERS

* RECFM (record format)
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* LRECL (record length)
* SPACE (average record length, primary, secondary, and directory
quantity)
*VOLUME (volume-count)

The above parameters were already discussed.

RECORG (record organization) or
KEYLEN (key length)
KEYOFF (key offset
AVGREC (record request and space quantity)
RETPD (retention period) or
EXPDT (expiration date)
DSNTYPE (data set type, PDS or PDSE

The above parameters are also J CL parameters, but which are used in
VSAM.

The storage administrator at your installation defines the names of data
classes and their data set attributes.

To view a list of data class names and their attributes, use the Interactive
Storage Management Facility (ISMF).

SMS Constructs

With SMS, a new data set can have one or more of the following three
constructs:

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Data class - contains the data set attributes related to the allocation of the
data set.

Management class - contains the data set attributes related to the migration
and backup of the data set. A management class can only be assigned to a
data set that also has a storage class assigned.

Storage class - contains the data set attributes related to the storage
occupied by the data set.

A data set that has a storage class assigned is defined as an SMS-managed
data set".

The storage administrator at your installation writes the automatic class
selection (ACS) routines that SMS uses to assign the constructs to a new
data set.

For example, with SMS you can code the DDNAME, DSNAME, and DISP
parameters to define a new data set:

//SMSDS0 DD DSNAME=MYDS0.PGM,DISP=(NEW,KEEP)
and retrieve the data set with:
//SMSDSR DD DSNAME=MYDS0.PGM,DISP=MOD

In the example, installation-written ACS routines (possibly based on the data
set name and information from your J OB, EXEC, and DD statements) can
select a data class, management class, and storage class appropriate for the
data set.

You code only the ddname, dsname, and disposition of the data set.
The constructs selected by the ACS routines contain all the other attributes
needed to manage the data set

Specifying Constructs

In many cases, the constructs selected by the installation-written ACS
routines are sufficient for your data sets.

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However, when defining a new data set, you can select a data class,
management class, or storage class by coding one or more of the following
DD parameters:

DATA class - specifies the data class

MGMTCLAS - specifies the management class

STORCLAS - specifies the storage class

The storage administrator has defined the names of the classes you can
specify.

You can view the names and attributes defined in each of the named classes
by using ISMF

Unit 9 Exercises

1. SMS stands for ________________ ____________________
_________________.

2. ________ contains allocation attributes that describe the logical data
format.
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3. _______ contains desired performance and availability objectives.

4. _________ defines a list of volumes for data allocation.

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Job Control Language (JCL)

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