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    Paraphrasing Guidelines

    Uploaded by

    Hoda Elhadary
    This document provides guidelines on paraphrasing for academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as rewriting source material in one's own words to demonstrate understanding, rather than directly quoting. A good paraphrase conveys the same ideas using different words and sentence structure, while being properly cited. Paraphrasing differs from summarizing by potentially being longer or shorter than the original text. The document recommends reading source texts thoroughly, thinking about the key ideas, then rewriting them without looking at the source to avoid accidental plagiarism.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Paraphrasing Guidelines

    Uploaded by

    Hoda Elhadary
    180 views5 pages
    This document provides guidelines on paraphrasing for academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as rewriting source material in one's own words to demonstrate understanding, rather than directly quoting. A good paraphrase conveys the same ideas using different words and sentence structure, while being properly cited. Paraphrasing differs from summarizing by potentially being longer or shorter than the original text. The document recommends reading source texts thoroughly, thinking about the key ideas, then rewriting them without looking at the source to avoid accidental plagiarism.

    Original Description:

    guidelines to paraphrasing- a skill in writing research papers

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    This document provides guidelines on paraphrasing for academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as rewriting source material in one's own words to demonstrate understanding, rather than directly quoting. A good paraphrase conveys the same ideas using different words and sentence structure, while being properly cited. Paraphrasing differs from summarizing by potentially being longer or shorter than the original text. The document recommends reading source texts thoroughly, thinking about the key ideas, then rewriting them without looking at the source to avoid accidental plagiarism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    180 views5 pages

    Paraphrasing Guidelines

    Uploaded by

    Hoda Elhadary
    This document provides guidelines on paraphrasing for academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as rewriting source material in one's own words to demonstrate understanding, rather than directly quoting. A good paraphrase conveys the same ideas using different words and sentence structure, while being properly cited. Paraphrasing differs from summarizing by potentially being longer or shorter than the original text. The document recommends reading source texts thoroughly, thinking about the key ideas, then rewriting them without looking at the source to avoid accidental plagiarism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    PARAPHRASING - GUIDELINES

    WHAT IS PARAPHRASING?
    Most academic writing tasks (essays, reports, reviews etc.) require
    students to draw upon the work of experts in the subject to
    support key points. This can be done either by direct quoting the
    experts or by paraphrasing their ideas.
    araphrasing is a centra! ski!! in academic writing. "e show our
    understanding of the ideas of experts on the topic by rewriting
    these in our own words. This is why !ecturers prefer paraphrasing
    to direct quotation. "hen we rephrase information in our own
    words, we show how we understand the origina! text and a!so
    show that we can express the ideas in our own way. araphrasing
    invo!ves using reading and writing ski!!s to c!arify our
    understanding and to convey this understanding to our reader. "e
    are therefore te!!ing the reader both about the origina! text and
    about our own !earning.
    WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FR A GD PARAPHRASE?
    A good paraphrase:
    conveys the same ideas as the origina! source,
    !ut uses !arge!y di#erent words within a di#erent sentence
    structure
    is re!evant to the ideas in your argument
    is !inked to the rest of the text
    is referenced in the text and in the reference !ist
    HW IS PARAPHRASING DIFFERENT FR"
    SU""ARISING?
    araphrasing and summarising invo!ve simi!ar processes. $
    summary focuses on the overview and the main points in the
    %nitec& 'var'www'apps'conversion'tmp'scratch()'*+,*))*-*.doc
    origina!. $ summary is a shorter version, with examp!es and detai!s
    !eft out. $ paraphrase is sometimes shorter, but it cou!d a!so be
    !onger. .oth paraphrases and summaries require in/text references
    to the origina! text.
    HW IS PARAPHRASING DIFFERENT FR" #UTING?
    Paraphrasing$ #uoting$
    "hen we paraphrase we take
    information written by another writer
    and express this in a di#erent way,
    using %i&'r'nt (or%s. This process
    is often ca!!ed 0putting the information
    into your own words1. Ea)h
    paraphras' n''%s a r'*'r'n)' to
    th' origina+ t',t-
    2n quoting you use the ',a)t (or%s of
    the author, and these are usua!!y p!aced
    in quotation marks or, if !onger, as
    indented text. Ea)h quot' n''%s to
    in)+u%' a r'*'r'n)' to th' origina+
    t',t an% a pag' nu.!'r-
    E,a.p+'/
    The key advantages of email are that it is simple
    to use and asynchronous which means that a
    message can be sent at any time without the
    receiver needing to be available at the same time.
    A receiver can respond more carefully than if, for
    example, they were responding to a phone call
    (Mundell, 2!".
    E,a.p+'/
    Mundell (2!" highlights some benefits of email,
    #apart from ease of use, email has other
    advantages. $ecause it is asynchronous, people can
    send and receive messages without the need for the
    other party to be immediately available. This may
    allow respondents to construct a more thoughtful
    reply than would be the case during a conventional
    phone conversation or personal discussion% (p.
    &''".
    PARAPHRASING EFFECTI0EL1 HELPS A0ID
    PLAGIARIS"
    2t1s important to communicate the same meaning as the ideas in
    the origina! text, but to do so in di#erent words. This can1t be done
    just by substituting some words for their synonyms a!one. 2t
    requires more substantia! changes to sentence structure.
    %nitec& 'var'www'apps'conversion'tmp'scratch()'*+,*))*-*.doc
    STEPS IN PARAPHRASING
    2n paraphrasing we aim to generate our own phrases and sentences
    which exp!ain the ideas in the origina!.
    3
    4ead the source text to get the genera! idea (gist). 2t1s he!pfu! to
    skim it quick!y 5rst and then read it through in more detai! to
    make sure you understand the main ideas. 6ome peop!e 5nd it
    he!pfu! to high!ight or under!ine key ideas on a photocopy.
    *
    7ook away from the text and think about the ideas you1ve just
    read. This is an important step as it he!ps you to identify the key
    ideas that are re!evant to you and he!ps you start to reconstruct
    the ideas your own words.
    +
    6tart rewriting the key ideas, putting the text into your own
    words. This can be di8cu!t if you keep !ooking at the source text.
    9
    2t1s a good idea to work on paraphrasing the ideas in the section
    of text or paragraph rather than focusing on sing!e sentences :
    ;ou cou!d&
    %se a di#erent word order as we!! as di#erent words. .y
    starting a sentence in a di#erent way you wi!! be more !ike!y
    to use di#erent words&
    Culture shock is change to People experience culture
    shock when
    %se synonyms or words of simi!ar meaning&
    merge with change to integrate; reject change to dismiss
    <hange the forms of words& nouns : verbs= nouns to
    adjectives etc.&
    Impact on the environment change to environmental
    efects
    %se di#erent !engths of sentence and di#erent !inking words
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    6ee the use of these di#erent techniques in the !onger examp!es
    of paraphrasing given be!ow.
    )
    4eturn to the origina! text. <ompare your paraphrase to check
    whether your paraphrase keeps to the meaning intended by the
    writer of the origina!. $dd the in/text reference.
    PINTS T CNSIDER WHEN PARAPHRASING/
    >ne genera! guide!ine for paraphrasing is not to copy groups
    of more than + words from the origina! : if you want to copy
    more, you shou!d treat it as a quote.
    6ometimes you wi!! need to copy some individua! words
    exact!y because a synonym may a!ter the meaning
    signi5cant!y, or because the word is a common!y used term in
    the 5e!d.
    araphrasing is a good activity for he!ping bui!d vocabu!ary
    know!edge. <ross/check meanings of synonyms in an ?ng!ish
    dictionary or a thesaurus.
    "hen writing an assignment you shou!d be paraphrasing from
    a number of di#erent sources. ractice paraphrasing as you
    make notes.
    A++ sour)'s 2ou paraphras' or quot' *ro. .ust !'
    r'*'r'n)'%-
    2t1s common to have to draft and re/draft paraphrases. 6ome
    sections of text wi!! be more di8cu!t than others.
    WHEN T PARAPHRASE
    There are severa! considerations to think about when deciding
    whether to paraphrase or quote from an origina! source inc!uding&
    @ow di8cu!t it is to paraphrase
    @ow many quotations you have used throughout your
    assignment. Auotations shou!d be used sparing!y in your
    writing.
    %nitec& 'var'www'apps'conversion'tmp'scratch()'*+,*))*-*.doc
    @ow !ong the origina! text is. 2t is genera!!y better to
    paraphrase'summarise rather than quote !ong sections of text.
    6ometimes the origina! text is particu!ar!y interesting or we!!
    written and because of this you may choose to quote rather
    than paraphrase.
    %nitec& 'var'www'apps'conversion'tmp'scratch()'*+,*))*-*.doc

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