173

Chapter 12
Depreciation


12-1
Some seed cleaning equipment was purchased in 2009 for $8,500 and is depreciated by the double
declining balance (DDB) method for an expected life of 12 years. What is the book value of the
equipment at the end of 2014? Original salvage value was estimated to be $2,500 at the end of 12
years.

Solution

Book Value = P(1 - )
n
= 8,500(1 - )
6
= $2,846.63
This can be checked by doing the year-by-year computations:
Year Depreciation
2009 (8,500-0) = $1,416.67
2010 (8,500-1,416.67) = 1,180.56
2011 (8,500-2,597.23) = 983.80
2012 (8,500-3,581.03) = 819.83
2013 (8,500-4,400.86) = 683.19
2014 (8,500-5,084.05) = 569.32
of depreciation $5,653.37

Book Value = 8,500 - 5,653.37 = $2,846.63


12-2
Suds-n-Dogs just purchased new automated wiener handling equipment for $12,000. The salvage
value of the equipment is anticipated to be $1,200 at the end of its five-year life. Using MACRS,
determine the depreciation schedule.

Solution

Three year class is determined.

Year Depreciation
1 12,000(.3333) $3,999.60
2 12,000(.4445) 5,334.00
3 12,000(.1481) 1,777.20
4 12,000(.0741) 889.20


12-3
174 Chapter 12 Depreciation
An asset will cost $1,750 when purchased this year. It is further expected to have a salvage value
of $250 at the end of its five year depreciable life. Calculate complete depreciation schedules
giving the depreciation charge, D(n), and end-of-year book value, B(n), for straight-line (SL), sum
of the years digits (SOYD), double declining balance (DDB), and modified accelerated cost
recovery (MACRS) depreciation methods. Assume a MACRS recovery period of 5 years.

Solution


SL SOYD DDB MACRS
n D(n) B(n) D(n) B(n) D(n) B(n) D(n) B(n)
0 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750.00
1 300 1,450 500 1,250 700 1,050 350.00 1,400.00
2 300 1,150 400 850 420 630 560.00 840.00
3 300 850 300 550 252 378 336.00 504.00
4 300 550 200 350 128 250 201.60 302.40
5 300 250 100 250 0 250 201.60 100.80
6 100.80 0.00


12-4
Your company is considering the purchase of a second-hand scanning microscope at a cost of
$10,500, with an estimated salvage value of $500 and a projected useful life of four years.
Determine the straight-line (SL), sum of years digits (SOYD), and double declining balance
(DDB) depreciation schedules.

Solution

Year SL SOYD DDB
1 2,500 4,000 5,250.00
2 2,500 3,000 2,625.00
3 2,500 2,000 1,312.50
4 2,500 1,000 656.25


12-5
A piece of machinery costs $5,000 and has an anticipated $1,000 resale value at the end of its five-
year useful life. Compute the depreciation schedule for the machinery by the sum-of-years-digits
method.







Solution

Sum-of-years-digits = (n + 1) = (6) = 15
Chapter 12 Depreciation 175
1
st
-year depreciation = (5,000 - 1,000) = $1,333
2
nd
-year depreciation = (5,000 - 1,000) = 1,067
3
rd
-year depreciation = (5,000 - 1,000) = 800
4
th
-year depreciation = (5,000 - 1,000) = 533
5
th
-year depreciation = (5,000 - 1,000) = 267


12-6
A new machine costs $12,000 and has a $1,200 salvage value after using it for eight years.
Prepare a year-by-year depreciation schedule by the double declining balance (DDB) method.

Solution

DDB Deprecation = (P - D)

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8* Total
Deprecation 3,000 2,250 1,688 1,266 949 712 534 401 $10,800

*Book value cannot go below declared salvage value. Therefore the full value of year eights
depreciation cannot be taken.


12-7
To meet increased sales, a large dairy is planning to purchase 10 new delivery trucks. Each truck
will cost $18,000. Compute the depreciation schedule for each truck, using the modified
accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) method, if the recovery period is 5 years.

Solution

Year Depreciation
1 18,000(.20) $3,600.00
2 18,000(.32) 5,760.00
3 18,000(.192) 3,456.00
4 18,000(.1152) 2,073.60
5 18,000(.1152) 2,073.60
6 18,000(.0576) 1,036.80




12-8
Hoppy Hops, Inc. purchased hop harvesting machinery for $150,000 four years ago. Due to a
change in the method of harvesting the machine was recently sold for $37,500. Determine the
MACRS deprecation schedule for the machinery for the four years of ownership. Assume a five-
year property class. What is the recaptured depreciation or loss on the sale of the machinery?

a. $2,940
176 Chapter 12 Depreciation
b. $11,580
c. $25,920
d. $34,560

Solution

Year MACRS %(FC) Depreciation
1 .2(150,000) $30,000
2 .32(150,000) 48,000
3 .1920(150,000) 28,800
4 (.1152/2)(150,000) 8,640


Depreciations
= 30,000 + 48,000 + 28,800 + 8,640
= $115,440
BV
4
= 150,000 - 115,440
= $34,560
Recaptured depreciation = 37,500 - 34,560
= $2,940

The answer is


12-9
A used piece of depreciable property was bought for $20,000. If it has a useful life of 10 years and
a salvage value of $5,000, how much will it be depreciated in the 9
th
year, using the 150%
declining balance schedule?

Solution

Depreciation = = $817.50
Check BV at end of 8
th
year
BV = = $5,449.80

Because the salvage value is $5,000, you can only depreciate $449.80 (5,449.80 - 5,000) in
the 9
th
year.

12-10
A front-end loader cost $70,000 and has a depreciable salvage value of $10,000 at the end of its 5-
year useful life. Compute the depreciation schedule and book value of the tractor using MACRS
depreciation.

Solution

Five year recovery period is determined.

Chapter 12 Depreciation 177
Year Depreciation Book Value
1 70,000(.20) $14,000 70,000 - 14,000 = $56,000
2 70,000(.32) 22,400 56,000 - 22,400 = 33,600
3 70,000(.192) 13,440 33,600 - 13,440 = 20,160
4 70,000(.1152) 8,064 20,160 - 8,064 = 12,096
5 70,000(.1152) 8,064 12,096 - 8,064 = 4,032
6 70,000(.0576) 4,032 4,032 - 4,032 = 0


12-11
An asset is purchased for $100,000. The asset is depreciated using MACRS depreciation and a
five year recovery period. At the end of the third year of use the business changed its product mix
and disposed of the asset. The depreciation allowed in the third year is nearest to

a. $9,600
b. $16,000
c. $19,200
d. $20,000

Solution

D
3
= .192/2(100,000)
= $9,600
Disposal before end of MACRS recovery period results in -yr depreciation in disposal yr

The answer is a.


12-12
A lumber company purchased a tract of timber for $70,000. The value of the 25,000 trees on the
tract was established to be $50,000. The value of the land was established to be $20,000. In the
first year of operation, the lumber company cut down 5,000 trees. What was the depletion
allowance for the year?





Solution

For standing timber only cost depletion (not percentage depletion) is permissible. Five
thousand of the trees were harvested therefore 5,000/25,000 = 0.20 of the tract was depleted.
Land is not considered depletable, only the timber, which is valued at a total of $50,000.

Therefore, the first years depletion allowance would be = 0.20($50,000) = $10,000.


12-13
A pump cost $1,000 and has a salvage value of $100 after a life of five years. Using the double
declining balance depreciation method, determine:
178 Chapter 12 Depreciation

a) The depreciation in the first year.
b) The book value after five years.
c) The book value after five years if the salvage was only $50.

Solution

a) Rate = = 40% = .4
1,000(.4) = $400

b) Book Value = P(1 - )
n
B.V. = max of {salvage value or 1,000(1-.4)
5
} = max of {100, 77.76} = $100

c) B.V. = max of {salvage value or 1,000(1-.4)
5
} = max of {50, 77.76} = $77.76


12-14
Two years ago Nuts-2-U Inc. purchased nut-cracking equipment at a total cost of $80,000. The
equipment was depreciated using MACRS with a recovery class of 3 years and an anticipated end
of useful life value of $8,000. The company has decided the equipment is no longer needed and
wishes to determine the minimum value they can accept for the equipment that will result in no
loss on the sale. The minimum selling price for the equipment is nearest to.

a. $17,775
b. $24,000
c. $35,560
d. $40,000








Solution

Disposal before end of MACRS recovery period results in -yr depreciation in disposal yr


Depreciation Percentages
= .3333 + .4445/2
= .5556

BV
2
= 80,000 - .5556(80,000)
= $35,556

The answer is c.


12-15
Chapter 12 Depreciation 179
Thick Trunk Sawmill purchases a new automated log planer for $95,000. The asset is depreciated
using straight-line depreciation over a useful life of 10 years to a salvage value of $5,000. The
book value at the end of year six is nearest to
a. $9,000
b. $38,000
c. $41,000
d. $54,000

Solution

D
t
= (95,000 - 5,000)/10
= $9,000/year

Depreciations
= 9,000 x 6
= $54,000
BV
6
= 95,000 - 54,000
= $41,000

The answer is c.


12-16
In the production of beer, a final filtration is accomplished by the use of Kieselguhr or
diatomaceous earth, which is composed of the fossil remains of minute aquatic algae, a few
microns in diameter and composed of pure silica. A company has purchased a property for
$840,000 that contains an estimated 60,000 tons. Compute the depreciation charges for the first
three years, if a production (or extraction) of 3,000 tons, 5,000 tons, and 6,000 tons are planned for
years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Use the cost-depletion methods, assuming no salvage value for the
property.





Solution

Total diatomaceous earth in property = 60,000 tons
Cost of property = $480,000

Then,

Year Tons Extracted Depreciation Charge
1 3,000 3,000 14 = $42,000
2 4,000 4,000 14 = 56,000
3 5,000 5,000 14 = 70,000


12-17
Adventure Airlines recently purchased a new baggage crusher for $50,000. It is expected to last
14 years and has an estimated salvage value of $8,000. Determine the depreciation charge on the
180 Chapter 12 Depreciation
crusher for the third year of its life and the book value at the end of 8 years, using SOYD
depreciation.

Solution

SOYD depreciation for 3
rd
year
Sum-of-years-digits =
3
rd
-year depreciation = (P - S)
= (50,000 - 8,000) = $4,800
Book Value at end of 8 years
8 years of depreciation = (50,000 - 8,000)
= (42,000) = $33,600
Book Value = Cost - Depreciation to date = 50,000 - 33,600 = $16,400