Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Karl Kraus (writer)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Karl Kraus (April 28, 1874 June 12, 1936) was anAustrian writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet. He is considered the rst major European satirist since Jonathan Swift.[1] He directed his satire to the press, German culture, and German and Austrian politics.

Contents
1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 Career 1.2.1 Before 1900 1.2.2 19001909 1.2.3 19101919 1.2.4 19201936 2 Character 2.1 Karl Kraus and language 3 Selected works 4 Works in English translation 5 References 5.1 Citations 5.2 Other sources 6 External links

Plaque of Karl Kraus on the house where he was born in Ji!n

Biography
Early life
Kraus was born into the wealthy Jewish family of Jacob Kraus, a papermaker, and his wife Ernestine, ne Kantor, in Ji!n, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). The family moved to Vienna in 1877. His mother died in 1891. Kraus enrolled as a law student at the University of Vienna in 1892. Beginning in April of the same year, he began contributing to the paper Wiener Literaturzeitung, starting with a critique of Gerhart Hauptmann's The Weavers. Around that time, he unsuccessfully tried to perform as an actor in a small theater. In 1894, he changed his eld of studies to philosophy and German literature. He discontinued his studies in 1896. His friendship with Peter Altenberg began about this time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer) April 6, 2014 9:26:35 AM

Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kraus enrolled as a law student at the University of Vienna in 1892. Beginning in April of the same year, he began contributing to the paper Wiener Literaturzeitung, starting with a critique of Gerhart Hauptmann's The Weavers. Around that time, he unsuccessfully tried to perform as an actor in a small theater. In 1894, he changed his eld of studies to philosophy and German literature. He discontinued his studies in 1896. His friendship with Peter Altenberg began about this time.

Career
Before 1900 In 1896, he left university without a diploma to begin work as an actor, stage-director and performer, joining the Young Vienna group, which included Peter Altenberg, Leopold Andrian, Hermann Bahr, Richard Beer-Hofmann, Arthur Schnitzler, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, and Felix Salten. In 1897, however, Kraus broke from this group with a biting satire Die demolierte Literatur (demolished literature) and was named Vienna correspondent for the newspaper Breslauer Zeitung. One year later, as an uncompromising advocate of Jewish assimilation, he attacked the founder of modern Zionism Theodor Herzl with his polemic Eine Krone fr Zion (a crown for Zion) (1898). On April 1, 1899, herenounced Judaism and, in the same year, founded his own newspaper, Die Fackel (de) (The Torch), which he continued to direct, publish, and write until his death, and from which he launched his attacks on hypocrisy, psychoanalysis, corruption of the Habsburg empire, nationalism of the pan-German movement, laissez-faire economic policies, and numerous other subjects. 19001909 In 1901 Kraus was sued by Hermann Bahr and Emmerich Bukovics who felt they had been attacked by Die Fackel. Many lawsuits by various offended parties would follow in later years. Also in 1901, Kraus found out that his publisher, Moriz Frisch, had taken over his magazine while he was absent on a months-long journey: Moriz Frisch had registered the magazine's front cover as a trademark and published the Neue Fackel (new torch). Kraus sued and won. From that time, Die Fackel was published (without a cover page) by the printer Jahoda & Siegel .

First issue of Die Fackel

While at the beginning, Die Fackel was similar to journals like the magazine Die Weltbhne, it became more and more a magazine that was privileged in its editorial independence, which Kraus could provide by his funding. Die Fackel printed what Kraus wanted to be printed. In its rst decade , contributors included many well-known writers and artists such as Peter Altenberg, Richard Dehmel, Egon Friedell, Oskar Kokoschka, Else Lasker-Schler, Adolf Loos, HeinrichMann, Arnold Schnberg, August Strindberg, Georg Trakl, Frank Wedekind, Franz Werfel, Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Oscar Wilde. After 1911, however, Kraus was usually the sole author. Kraus' work was published nearly exclusively in Die Fackel, of which 922 irregularly issued numbers appeared in total. Authors who were supported by Kraus include Peter Altenberg, Else Lasker-Schler, and Georg Trakl. Die Fackel targeted corruption, journalists and brutish behaviour. Notable enemies were Maximilian Harden (in the mud of the HardenEulenburg affair), Moriz Benedikt (owner of the newspaper Neue Freie Presse), Alfred Kerr, Hermann Bahr, Imre Bekessy (de) and Johann Schober.

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Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In 1902, Kraus published Sittlichkeit und Kriminalitt (Morality and Criminal Justice), for the rst time commenting on what was to become one of the main issues in his writings: the allegedly necessary defense of sexual morality by means of criminal justice (Der Skandal fngt an, wenn die Polizei ihm ein Ende macht, The scandal starts when the police is stopping it).[2] Starting in 1906, Kraus published the rst of his aphorisms in Die Fackel; they were collected in 1909 in the book Sprche und Widersprche (Sayings and Gainsayings). In addition to his writings, Kraus gave numerous highly inuential public readings during his career between 1892 and 1936 he put on approximately 700 one-man performances, reading from the dramas of Bertolt Brecht, Gerhart Hauptmann, Johann Nestroy, Goethe, and Shakespeare, and also performing Offenbach's operettas, accompanied by piano and singing all the roles himself. Elias Canetti, who regularly attended Kraus' lectures, titled the second volume of his autobiography "Die Fackel" im Ohr ("The Torch" in the Ear) in reference to the magazine and its author. At the peak of his popularity, Kraus' lectures attracted four thousand people, and his magazine sold forty thousand copies.[3] In 1904, Kraus supported Frank Wedekind to make possible the staging in Vienna of his controversial play, Pandora's Box;[4] the play told the story of a sexually enticing young dancer who rises in German society through her relationships with wealthy men, but who laterfalls into poverty and prostitution.[5] The frank depiction of sexuality and violence in these plays, including lesbianism and an encounter with Jack the Ripper,[6] pushed the boundaries of what was considered acceptable on the stage at the time. Wedekind's works are considered among the precursors of the expressionists, but in 1914, when expressionist poets like Richard Dehmel sold themselves to war propaganda, Kraus became a erce critic of them.[3][4] In 1907, Kraus attacked his erstwhile benefactor Maximilian Harden because of his role in the Eulenburg trial in the rst of his spectacular Erledigungen (Dispatches).
[citation needed ]

19101919 After 1911, Kraus was the sole author of most issues of Die Fackel. One of Kraus' most inuential satirical-literary techniques was his dtournement of quotations. One controversy arose for example with the text Die Orgie, which exposed how the newspaper Neue Freie Presse was blatantly supporting Austria's Liberal Party's election campaign; the text was conceived as a guerrilla prank and sent as a fake letter to the newspaper (Die Fackel would publish it later in 1911); the enraged editor, which fell for the trick, responded by suing Kraus for "disturbing the serious business of politicians and editors".[4] After an obituary for Franz Ferdinand who had been assassinatedin Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, Die Fackel was not published for many months. In December 1914, it appeared again with an essay "In dieser groen Zeit" ("In this grand time"): "In dieser groen Zeit, die ich noch gekannt habe, wie sie so klein war; die wieder klein werden wird, wenn ihr dazu noch Zeit bleibt; in dieser lauten Zeit, die da drhnt von der schauerlichen Symphonie der Taten, die Berichte hervorbringen, und der Berichte, welche Taten verschulden: in dieser da mgen Sie von mir kein eigenes Wort erwarten."[7] ("In this grand time, that I used to know when it was this small; that will become small again if there is time; in this loud time that resounds from the ghastly symphony of deeds that spawn reports, and of reports that cause deeds: in this one, you may not expect a word of my own.") In the subsequent time, Kraus wrote against the World War, and editions of Die Fackel were repeatedly conscated or obstructed by censors.

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Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kraus' masterpiece is generally considered to be the massive satirical play about the First World War, Die letzten Tage der Menschheit (The Last Days of Mankind), which combines dialogue from contemporary documents with apocalyptic fantasy and commentary from two characters called "the Grumbler" and "the Optimist". Kraus began to write the play in 1915 and rst published it as a series of special Fackel issues in 1919. Its epilogue, "Die letzte Nacht" ("The last night") had already been published in 1918 as a special issue. Edward Timms has called the work a "faulted masterpiece" and a "ssured text" because the evolution of Kraus' attitude during the time of its composition (from aristocratic conservative to democratic republican) means that the text has structural inconsistencies resembling a geological fault.[8] Also in 1919, Kraus published his collected war texts under the title Weltgericht (World court of justice). In 1920, hepublished the satire Literatur oder Man wird doch da sehn (Literature or You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet) as a reply to Franz Werfel's Spiegelmensch (Mirror man), an attack against Kraus.[citation needed] 19201936 During January 1924, he started to ght against Imre Bkessy, publisher of the tabloid Die Stunde (The Hour). Kraus accused Bkessy of extorting money from restaurant owners by threatening them with bad reviews in his paper unless they paid him. Bkessy retaliated with a libel campaign against Kraus, who in turn launched an Erledigung with the catchphrase "Hinaus aus Wien mit dem Schuft!" ("Throw the scoundrel out of Vienna"). In 1926, Bkessy indeed ed Vienna in order to avoid being arrested. Bkessy achieved some later success when his novel Barabbas was the monthly selection of an American book club.[citation needed] In 1927, a peak in Kraus's political commitment was his sensational attack on powerful Vienna police chief Johann Schober, also former two terms chancellor, after 84 people were shot dead in the police massacre of the July Revolt. Karl Kraus produced a poster that in a single sentence requested Schober's resignation; the poster was published all over Vienna and is considered an icon of Austrian 20th century history. [3] In 1928, the play Die Unberwindlichen (The insurmountables) was published. It included allusions to the ghts against Bkessy and Schober. During that same year, Kraus also published the records of a lawsuit that Kerr had led against him after Kraus had published Kerr's war poems in Die Fackel. In 1932, Kraus translated Shakespeare's sonnets. Kraus supported the Social Democratic Party of Austria since at least the early 1920s.[3] And in 1934, estranging himself from some of his followers, he supported Engelbert Dollfuss' coup d'tatthat established the Austrian fascist regime, hoping Dollfuss could prevent Nazism from engulng Austria.[3] In 1933 he wrote Die Dritte Walpurgisnacht (The Third Walpurgis Night), of which the rst fragments appeared in the Fackel. Kraus however withheld full publication, in part to protect from Nazireprisals his friends and followers hostile to Hitler that still lived in the Third Reich, and in part because "violence is no subject for polemic."[9][10][11] This satire on Nazi ideology begins with the now-famous sentence, "Mir fllt zu Hitler nichts ein" (Hitler brings nothing to my mind). However, lengthy extracts appear in his apologia for his silence at Hitler's coming to power, "Warum die Fackel nicht erscheint" (why the Fackel is not published), a 315-page edition of his periodical. The last issue of the Fackel appeared in February 1936. Karl Kraus died of an embolism of the heart in Vienna on June 12, 1936 after a short illness. Kraus never married, but from 1913 until his death, he had a conict-prone but close relationship with the Baroness Sidonie Ndhern! von Borutin (18851950). Many of his works were written in Janowitz castle, Ndherny family property. Sidonie Ndherny became an important pen-friend and addressee of books and poems.

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Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In 1911 he was baptized as a Catholic, but in 1923, disillusioned over the Church's support for the war, he left the Catholic Church, claiming sarcastically that he was motivated "primarily by antisemitism", i.e. indignation at Max Reinhardt's use of the Kollegienkirche in Salzburg as the venue for a theatrical performance.[12] Kraus is buried in the Zentralfriedhof cemetery outside Vienna. Kraus was the subject of two books written by noted libertarian author Dr. Thomas Szasz. Karl Kraus and the Soul Doctors and Anti-Freud: Karl Kraus's Criticismof Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry portrayed Kraus as a harsh critic of Sigmund Freud and of psychoanalysisin general. Other commentators, such as Edward Timms, have argued that Kraus respected Freud, though with reservations about the application of some of his theories, and that his views were far less black-and-white than Szasz suggests.[13]

Character
Karl Kraus was a subject of controversy throughout his lifetime. This polarisation was undoubtedly strengthened by his immense sense of his own importance.[citation needed ] This self-image was not completely unfounded: those who attended hisperformances were fascinated by his personality. His followers saw in him an infallible authority, someone who would do anything to help those he supported. He considered his ultimate audience to be posterity, and reprinted Die Fackel in volume form years after they were rst published as a newspaper.[1] Up to 1930, Kraus directed his satirical writings to gures of the center and the left of the political spectrum, as he considered the aws of the right too self-evident to be worthy of his comment.[1] Later, his responses to the Nazis included The Third Walpurgis Night. To the numerous enemies he made due to the inexibility and intensity of his partisanship, however, he was a bitter misanthrope and poor would-be (Alfred Kerr). He was accused of wallowing in hateful denouncements and Erledigungen [breakings-off].[citation needed] Along with Karl Valentin, he is considered a master of gallows humor. [14] Giorgio Agamben compared Guy Debord and Kraus for their ght with some kind of journalists and of media culture.[15]

Karl Kraus and language

Karl Kraus was convinced that every little error, albeit of an importance that was seemingly limited in time and space, shows the great evils of the world and era. Thus, he could see in a missing comma a symptom of that state of the world that would allow a world war. One of the main points of his writings was to show the great evils inherent in such seemingly small errors. Language was to him the most important tell-tale for the wrongs of the world. He viewed his contemporaries' careless treatment of language as a sign for their careless treatment of the world as a whole. Ernst K"enek reported the following typical episode: Als man sich gerade ber die Beschieung von Shanghai durch die Japaner erregte und ich Karl Kraus bei einem der berhmten Beistrich-Problemen antraf, sagte er ungefhr: Ich wei, da das alles sinnlos ist, wenn das Haus in Brand steht. Aber solange das irgend mglich ist, mu ich das machen, denn htten die Leute, die dazu verpichtet sind, immer darauf geachtet, da die Beistriche am richtigen Platz stehen, so wrde https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer) April 6, 2014 9:26:35 AM

Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Shanghai nicht brennen.[16] (At a time when one was generally decrying the bombardment of Shanghai by the Japanese, I metKarl Kraus struggling over one of his famous comma problems. He said something like: I know that everythingis futile when the house is burning. But I have to do this, as long as it is at all possible; for if those who are obliged to look after commashad always made sure they were in the right place, then Shanghai would not be burning.)

He accused people and most of all journalists and authors of using language as a means that they believed to command rather than serving it as an end. To Kraus, language is not a means to distribute ready-made opinions, but rather the medium of thought itself. As such, it is in need of critical reection. Therefore, dejournalising his readers was an important concern of Kraus in "a time that is thoroughly journalised, that is informed by the spirit but is deafto the unity of form and contents". He wanted to educate his readers to an "understanding of the cause of the German language, to that height at which the written word is understood as a necessary incarnation of the thought, and not simplya shell demanded by society around an opinion." Kraus maintained that language may not be entirely subjected to man's wishes. Even in its most maimed state, it will still show the true state of the world. Even war enthusiasts will unwittingly point out the cruel butchery during the war when calling it Mordshetz (an Austrian word for great fun that can also be read as murderous chase). Kraus saw the press as his supreme enemy and the "nether regions" of literature: his views on societal and cultural issues were less clearly dened, and his political preferences were shifting. He sympathized at times with the Social Democrats, at times with Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Kraus's criticism was primarily moral, not political. Moreover, his cultural background was not that of the 'New Left' but instead that of the Austro-Hungarian Empire: his emphasis on precision, and his dislike of rhetoric and the baroque demonstrates links between his views and those of Ludwig Wittgenstein (in his early works) and Adolf Loos, amongst others. Gregor von Rezzori wrote about him, (His) life stands as an example of moral uprightness and courage which should be put before anyone who writes, in no matter what language... I had the privilegeof listening to his conversation and watching his face, lit up by the pale re of his fanatic love for the miracle of the German language and by his holy hatred for those who used it badly.[17]

Selected works
Die demolierte Literatur [Demolished Literature] (1897) Eine Krone fr Zion [A Crown for Zion] (1898) Sittlichkeit und Kriminalitt [Morality and Criminal Justice] (1908) Sprche und Widersprche [Sayings and Contradictions] (1909) Die chinesische Mauer [The Wall of China] (1910) Pro domo et mundo [For Home and for the World] (1912) Nestroy und die Nachwelt [Nestroy and Posterity] (1913) Worte in Versen (191630) Die letzten Tage der Menschheit (1918) Weltgericht [The Last Judgment] (1919) Nachts [At Night] (1919) Untergang der Welt durch schwarze Magie [The End of the World Through Black Magic](1922) Literatur (Literature) (1921) Traumstck [Dream Piece] (1922) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer) April 6, 2014 9:26:35 AM

Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Die letzten Tage der Menschheit: Tragdie in fnf Akten mit Vorspiel und Epilog [The Last Days of Mankind: Tragedy in Five Acts with Preamble and Epilogue] (1922) Wolkenkuckucksheim [Cloud Cuckoo Land] (1923) Traumtheater [Dream Theatre] (1924) Epigramme [Epigrams] (1927) Die Unberwindlichen [The Insurmountables] (1928) Literatur und Lge [Literature and Lies] (1929) Shakespeares Sonette (1933) Die Sprache [Language] (posthumous, 1937) Die dritte Walpurgisnacht [The Third Walpurgis Night] (posthumous, 1952) Some work has been re-issued in recent years: Die letzten Tage der Menschheit, Bhnenfassung des Autors, 1992 Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-22091-8 Die Sprache, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37817-1 Die chinesische Mauer, mit acht Illustrationen von Oskar Kokoschka, 1999, Insel, ISBN 3-458-19199-2 Aphorismen. Sprche und Widersprche. Pro domo et mundo. Nachts, 1986, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37818-X Sittlichkeit und Krimininalitt, 1987, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37811-2 Dramen. Literatur, Traumstck, Die unberwindlichen u.a., 1989, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37821-X Literatur und Lge, 1999, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37813-9 Shakespeares Sonette, Nachdichtung, 1977, Diogenes, ISBN 3-257-20381-0 Theater der Dichtung mit Bearbeitungen von Shakespeare-Dramen, Suhrkamp 1994, ISBN 3-518-37825-2 Hben und Drben, 1993, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37828-7 Die Stunde des Gerichts, 1992, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37827-9 Untergang der Welt durch schwarze Magie, 1989, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37814-7 Brot und Lge, 1991, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37826-0 Die Katastrophe der Phrasen, 1994, Suhrkamp, ISBN 3-518-37829-5

Works in English translation

The Last Days of Mankind: a Tragedyin Five Acts (1974), an abridgement tr. Alexander Gode and Sue Allen Wright In These Great Times: A Karl Kraus Reader (1984), ed. Harry Zohn, contains translated excerpts from Die Fackel, including poems with the original German text alongside, and a drastically abridged translation of The Last Days of Mankind. Anti-Freud: Karl Kraus' Criticismof Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry (1990) by Thomas Szasz contains Szasz's translations of several of Kraus' articles and aphorisms on psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Half Truths and One-and-a-Half Truths: selected aphorisms (1990) translated by Hary Zohn. Chicago ISBN 0-226-45268-9. Dicta and Contradicta, tr. Jonathan McVity (2001), a collection of aphorisms. The Last Days of Mankind (1999) a radio drama broadcast on BBC-3. Paul Scoeld plays The Voice of God. Adapted and Directed by Giles Havergal. The 3 episodes were broadcast from 6 to 13 December 1999. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer) April 6, 2014 9:26:35 AM

Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An online translation into English of The Last Days of Mankind (by Michael Russell) is available at http://www.thelastdaysofmankind.com . At the moment this consists of a shortened version of Acts I,II and III, running to around 50 per cent of the original text and a complete verse translation of the Epilogue, The Last Night. This is part of a projectto translate the complete text with an apparatus of footnotes. The condensed version of Acts IV and V willappear online next year. The full translation will be published in two parts, in2014 (Prologue,I,II,III) and 2016 (IV,V,Epilogue). The translation is a work in progress, but hopefully still provides the rst extensive, readable translation into English. The Kraus Project: Essays by Karl Kraus (2013) translated by Jonathan Franzen, with commentary.

References
Citations
1. ^ a b c Knight, Charles A. (2004) Literature of Satire pp. 2526 (http://books.google.com/books?id=SOfVePSFctgC&pg=PA252) 2. ^ quoted following Sprche und Widersprche (Sayings and Gainsayings), Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/M. 1984, p. 42 3. ^ a b c d e Siegfried Mattl (2009) "The Ambivalence of Modernism From the Weimar Republic to National Socialism and Red Vienna" (http://journals.cambridge.org/action/ displayFulltext?type=1&d=4612264&jid=MIH&volumeId=6&issueId=01&aid=4612256), Modern Intellectual History, Volume 6, Issue 01, April 2009, pp. 223234 4. ^ a b c Sascha Bru, Gunther Martens (2006) The invention of politics in the European avant-garde (19061940) pp. 525 5. ^ Carl R. Mueller, Introduction to Frank Wedekind: Four Major Plays , Vol 1, Lyme, NH: Smith and Krauss, 2000 6. ^ Willett (1959, 73n). 7. ^ Die Fackel, No. 404, December 1914, p. 1 8. ^ Edward Timms, Karl Kraus, Apocalyptic Satirist: Culture and Catastrophe in Habsburg Vienna (1986), 374, 380. 9. ^ Kraus (1934) Die Fackel Nr. 890, "Warum die Fackel nicht erscheint", p. 26, quotation: "Gewalt kein Objekt der Polemik" 10. ^ Kovacsics, Adan (2011) Selecin de artculos de Die Fackel, p. 524, quotation: "la obra que Kraus escribi en 1933, pero que no public, en parte, como l mismo seala, porque no puede ser la violencia objeto de polmica ni la locura objeto de stira, en parte porque tema comprometer a sus amigos y seguidores en Alemania y ponerlos en peligro." 11. ^ Freschi, Marino (1996) Preface to the Italian translation of The Third Walpurgis Night, pp. XXI-XXII , quotation: "Il progetto venne bloccato dalle remore avvertite da Kraus, preoccupato di coinvolgere amici e conoscenti citati nel libro e ostili a Hitler, che ancora vivevano nel Terzo Reich." 12. ^ Edward Timms, Karl Kraus, Apocalyptic Satirist: The Post-War Crisis and the Rise of the Swastika (2005), pp. 282283. 13. ^ Timms, Edward, Karl Kraus Apocalyptic Satirist: Culture and Catastrophe in Habsburg Vienna (1986). See ch.5, "Sorcerers and Apprentices: The Encounter with Freud", esp. pp. 107, 11112. 14. ^ Marmo, Emanuela (2004) Interview (http://web.archive.org/web/20060506133300/http://www.danieleluttazzi.it/?q=node/221) with Daniele Luttazzi (March 2004) quote: "Quando la satira poi riesce a far ridere su un argomento talmente drammatico di cui si ride perch non c' altra soluzione possibile, si ha quella che nei cabaret di Berlino degli Anni '20 veniva chiamata la 'risata verde'. opportuno distinguere una satira ironica, che lavora per sottrazione, da una satira grottesca, che lavora per addizione. Questo secondo tipo di satira genera pi spesso la risata verde. Ne erano maestri Kraus e Valentin." 15. ^ Giorgio Agamben in Debord Commentari sulla societ dello spettacolo , quotation: "Se c', nel nostro secolo, uno scrittore con cui Debord accetterebvbe forse di essere paragonato, questi Karl Kraus. Nessuno ha saputo, come Kraus nella sua caparbia lotta coi giornalisti, portare alla luce le leggi nascoste dello spettacolo, i fatti che producono notizie e le notizie che sono colpevoli dei fatti. E se si dovesse immaginare qualcosa che corrisponde alla voce fuori campo che nei lm di Debord accompagna l'esposizione del deserto di macerie dello spettacolo, nulla di pi appropriato che la voce di Kraus (...) E' nota la battuta con cui, nella postuma Terza notte di Valpurga, Kraus giustica il suo silenzio davanti all'avvento del nazismo: Su Hitler non mi viene in mente nulla." 16. ^ Weigel, Kraus oder die Macht der Ohnmacht (Kraus or the power of powerlessness), p. 128 17. ^ Gregor von Rezzori (1979) Memoirs of an Anti-Semite. Middlesex; Penguin; pp. 219220.

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Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Other sources
Karl Kraus by L. Liegler (1921) Karl Kraus by W. Benjamin (1931) Karl Kraus by R. von Schaukal (1933) Karl Kraus in Sebstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten by P. Schick (1965) The Last Days of Mankind: Karl Kraus and His Vienna by Frank Field (1967) Karl Kraus by W.A. Iggers (1967) Karl Kraus by H. Zohn (1971) Wittgenstein's Vienna by A. Janik and S. Toulmin(1973) Karl Kraus and the Soul Doctors by T.S. Szasz (1976) Masks of the Prophet: The Theatrical World of Karl Kraus by Kari Grimstad (1981) McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama, vol. 3, ed. by StanleyHochman (1984) Karl Kraus, Apocalyptic Satirist: Culture and Catastrophe in Habsburg Vienna (http://books.google.it/books?id=6bd6K2KHq0gC) by Edward Timms (1986) Yale University Press ISBN 0-300-04483-6 reviews: [1] (http://links .jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-7937(198801)83%3A1%3C254%3AKKASCA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5) [2] (http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0361-1299(1988)42%3A1%2F2%3C100%3AKKASCA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C) [3] (http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/ reviews.asp?isbn=9780300044836) [4] (http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25336-1914702,00.html) Karl Kraus, Apocalyptic Satirist: The Post-War Crisis and the Rise of the Swastika by Edward Timms (2005) Anti-Freud: Karl Kraus's Criticismof Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry by Thomas Szasz (1990) The Paper Ghetto: Karl Kraus and Anti-Semitism by John Theobald (1996) Karl Kraus and the Critics by Harry Zohn (1997) Otto Weininger: Sex, Science, and Self in Imperial Vienna (http://books.google.com/books?id=m-mc76HwPdwC) by Chandak Sengoopta pp. 6, 23, 35-36, 39-41, 43-44, 137, 141-45

External links
The Life and Work of Karl Kraus (http://www.theabsolute.net/mineeld/kraus.html) Truth and Beauty- a successor publication by his great-nephew, Eric Kraus (http://www.truthandbeauty.ru) On Jonathan Franzen's Karl Kraus (http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n21/joshua -cohen/no-one-hates-him-more) by Joshua Cohen, at The London Review of Books Digitalized edition of Die Fackel (http://www.aac.ac.at/fackel) (registration required) from the Austrian Academy of Science AAC (user interface in German and English) Alain Accardo (http://www.monde-diplomatique.it/LeMonde-archivio/Ottobre-2005/pagina.php?cosa=0510lm21.01.html&titolo=Karl%20Kraus%20contro% 20l'impero%20della%20stupidit) on The Third Walpurgis Night. Article of Le Monde diplomatique, October 2005 Complete annotated English translation in progress (http://www.thelastdaysofmankind.com), includes extracts from acts I to III and complete verse translation of "The Last Night". Michael Russell Karl Kraus - Weltgericht (The Last Judgement). Polemiken gegen den Krieg (Polemics against the War) (http://www.nonviolent-resistance.info/exhibitions/ger/ kraus/index.htm) - Online-Exhibition in German, including original lm footage (2014) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Kraus_(writer)&oldid=600765488" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer) April 6, 2014 9:26:35 AM

Karl Kraus (writer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Categories: 1874 births 1936 deaths People from Ji!n District People from the Kingdom of Bohemia Austrian writers Austrian journalists Austrian newspaper editors Austrian poets Austrian dramatists and playwrights Newspaper publishers (people) Austrian Jews Czech Jews Jewish poets Young Vienna Austrian satirists Austrian essayists Aphorists Burials at the Zentralfriedhof Kabarettists

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