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    Chapter 8 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Lance Sullivan
    larutan

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 8 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Lance Sullivan
    25 views17 pages
    larutan

    Original Title

    KDBio.BABIII.Solution1

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    larutan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views17 pages

    Chapter 8 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Lance Sullivan
    larutan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Chapter 8 Solutions

    8.1 Solutions

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Solutions: Solute and Solvent


    Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances consist of a solvent and one or more solutes

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Nature of Solutes in Solutions


    Solutes spread evenly throughout the solution cannot be separated by filtration can be separated by evaporation are not visible but can give a color to the solution
    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 3

    Examples of Solutions
    The solute and solvent in a solution can be a solid, liquid, and/or a gas.

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Learning Check
    Identify the solute in each of the following solutions: A. 2 g sugar (1) and 100 mL water (2) B. 60.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (1) and 30.0 mL of methyl alcohol (2) C. 55.0 mL water (1) and 1.50 g NaCl (2) D. Air: 200 mL O2 (1) and 800 mL N2 (2)

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Solution
    Identify the solute in each of the following solutions: A. sugar (1) B. methyl alcohol (2) C. NaCl (2) D. O2 (1)

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Water
    Water is the most common solvent is a polar molecule forms hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and the oxygen atom in a different water molecule

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Combinations of Solutes and Solvents in Solutions

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Formation of a Solution
    Na+ and Cl ions on the surface of a NaCl crystal are attracted to polar water molecules are hydrated in solution by many H2O molecules surrounding each ion

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Equations for Solution Formation


    When NaCl(s) dissolves in water, the reaction can be written as H2O
    NaCl(s)
    solid

    Na+(aq) + Cl- (aq)


    separation of ions

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    10

    Learning Check
    Solid LiCl is added to water. It dissolves because: A. The Li+ ions are attracted to the 1) oxygen atom () of water. 2) hydrogen atom ( +) of water. B. The Cl ions are attracted to the 1) oxygen atom () of water. 2) hydrogen atom ( +) of water.

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    11

    Solution
    Solid LiCl is added to water. It dissolves because: A. The Li+ ions are attracted to the 1) oxygen atom () of water.

    B. The Cl ions are attracted to the 2) hydrogen atom ( +) of water.

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    12

    Like Dissolves Like


    Two substances form a solution when there is an attraction between the particles of the solute and solvent when a polar solvent (such as water) dissolves polar solutes (such as sugar) and/or ionic solutes (such as NaCl) when a nonpolar solvent such as hexane (C6H14) dissolves nonpolar solutes such as oil or grease

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    13

    Water and a Polar Solute

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    14

    Like Dissolves Like

    Solvents Water (polar) CH2Cl2 (nonpolar)

    Solutes Ni(NO3)2 (polar)

    I2 (nonpolar)
    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 15

    Learning Check
    Will each of the following solutes dissolve in water? Why or why not? 1) Na2SO4 2) gasoline (nonpolar) 3) I2 4) HCl

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    16

    Solution
    Will each of the following solutes dissolve in water? Why or why not? 1) Na2SO4 Yes. The solute is ionic. 2) gasoline No. The solute is nonpolar. 3) I2 No. The solute is nonpolar. 4) HCl Yes. The solute is polar. Most polar and ionic solutes dissolve in water because water is a polar solvent.

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    17

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