Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 948 views

    Quantum Mechanics II

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Singh
    The key points are: 1. The Schrodinger equation can be solved for specific energy values called eigen values, with corresponding wave functions called eigen functions. 2. For a particle in a one-dimensional box, the eigen values (En) represent the distinct energy levels the particle can have, and are quantized. The eigen functions are the sinusoidal wave functions associated with each energy level. 3. The eigen values and eigen functions for a particle in a box can be determined by applying the boundary conditions of the box to the time-independent Schrodinger equation. This results in a quantization condition where the eigen values are proportional to n 2.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Quantum Mechanics II

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Singh
    948 views10 pages
    The key points are: 1. The Schrodinger equation can be solved for specific energy values called eigen values, with corresponding wave functions called eigen functions. 2. For a particle in a one-dimensional box, the eigen values (En) represent the distinct energy levels the particle can have, and are quantized. The eigen functions are the sinusoidal wave functions associated with each energy level. 3. The eigen values and eigen functions for a particle in a box can be determined by applying the boundary conditions of the box to the time-independent Schrodinger equation. This results in a quantization condition where the eigen values are proportional to n 2.

    Original Description:

    quantum mechanics slide

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The key points are: 1. The Schrodinger equation can be solved for specific energy values called eigen values, with corresponding wave functions called eigen functions. 2. For a particle in a one-dimensional box, the eigen values (En) represent the distinct energy levels the particle can have, and are quantized. The eigen functions are the sinusoidal wave functions associated with each energy level. 3. The eigen values and eigen functions for a particle in a box can be determined by applying the boundary conditions of the box to the time-independent Schrodinger equation. This results in a quantization condition where the eigen values are proportional to n 2.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    948 views10 pages

    Quantum Mechanics II

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Singh
    The key points are: 1. The Schrodinger equation can be solved for specific energy values called eigen values, with corresponding wave functions called eigen functions. 2. For a particle in a one-dimensional box, the eigen values (En) represent the distinct energy levels the particle can have, and are quantized. The eigen functions are the sinusoidal wave functions associated with each energy level. 3. The eigen values and eigen functions for a particle in a box can be determined by applying the boundary conditions of the box to the time-independent Schrodinger equation. This results in a quantization condition where the eigen values are proportional to n 2.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Eigen values and Eigen function

    Schrodinger equation can be solved for some specific values of


    energy.
    o a =
    ^
    Suppose a wave function () is operated by an operator such
    that the result is the product of a constant say a and the wave
    function itself i.e.
    The energy values for which Schrodinger equation can be solved
    are called Eigen values and the corresponding wave function are
    called Eigen function.
    then
    is the eigen function of
    a is the eigen value of
    ^
    o
    ^
    o
    Q. Suppose is eigen function of operator then find
    the eigen value.
    The eigen value is 4.
    Solution.
    x
    e
    2
    =
    2
    2
    dx
    d
    2
    2
    ^
    dx
    d
    G =
    2
    2
    ^
    dx
    d
    G

    = ) (
    2
    2
    2
    x
    e
    dx
    d
    =
    x
    e G
    2
    ^
    4 =
    4
    ^
    = G
    Particle in a Box: Eigenvalue
    Consider a particle of rest mass m
    o
    enclosed in a one-dimensional
    box (infinite potential well).
    Thus for a particle inside the box Schrodinger equation is
    Boundary conditions for Potential V
    V(x)=
    0 for 0 < x < L

    {

    for 0 x L
    Boundary conditions for wave function
    =
    0 for x = 0
    {

    0 for x = L
    0
    2
    2 2
    2
    = +
    c
    c

    E
    m
    x
    o

    x = 0 x = L
    = V
    = V
    particle
    0 = V
    [ 0 V = inside ]
    (i)
    Equation (i) becomes
    p
    h
    =
    k
    t 2
    =

    p
    k =

    E m
    o
    2
    =
    2
    2
    2

    E m
    k
    o
    =
    (k is the propagation constant)
    (ii)
    0
    2
    2
    2
    = +
    c
    c

    k
    x
    (iii)
    General solution of equation (iii) is
    kx B kx A x cos sin ) ( + = (iv)
    Equation (iv) reduces to
    Boundary condition says = 0 when x = 0
    (v)
    0 . cos 0 . sin ) 0 ( k B k A + =
    1 . 0 0 B + = 0 = B
    kx A x sin ) ( =
    Boundary condition says = 0 when x = L
    L k A L . sin ) ( =
    L k A . sin 0 =
    0 = A 0 . sin = L k
    t n L k sin . sin =
    Put this in Equation (v)
    (vi)
    L
    n
    k
    t
    =
    L
    x n
    A x
    t
    sin ) ( =
    (Where n = 1, 2, 3., BUT n # 0 as this gives = 0 everywhere)
    t n kL=
    Put value of k from (vi) in (ii)
    2
    2
    2

    E m
    k
    o
    =
    2
    2
    2

    E m
    L
    n
    o
    =
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    t
    Where n = 1, 2, 3.
    Equation (vii) concludes
    o
    m
    k
    E
    2
    2 2

    =
    2
    2 2
    8 L m
    h n
    o
    = (vii)
    1. Energy of the particle inside the box cant be equal to zero.
    The minimum energy of the particle is obtained for n = 1
    2
    2
    1
    8 L m
    h
    E
    o
    = (Zero Point Energy)
    If momentum i.e. 0
    1
    E 0 0 Ap
    A x
    But since the particle is confined in the box of
    dimension L.
    L x = A
    max
    Thus zero value of zero point energy violates the
    Heisenbergs uncertainty principle and hence zero value is
    not acceptable.
    2. All the energy values are not possible for a particle in
    potential well.
    Energy is Quantized

    3. E
    n
    are the eigen values and n is the quantum number.
    4. Energy levels (E
    n
    ) are not equally spaced.
    n = 1
    n = 3
    n = 2
    3
    E
    1
    E
    2
    E
    Using Normalization condition
    L
    x n
    A x
    n
    t
    sin ) ( =
    1 sin
    0
    2 2
    =
    }
    dx
    L
    x n
    A
    L
    t
    1 | ) ( |
    2
    =
    }


    dx x
    n

    1
    2
    2
    =
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    L
    A
    L
    A
    2
    =
    The normalized eigen function of the particle are
    L
    nx
    L
    x
    n
    t
    sin
    2
    ) ( =
    Particle in a Box: Eigenfunction
    Eigen function
    z y x
    =
    L
    z n
    L
    y n
    L
    x n
    A A A
    z
    y
    x
    z y x
    t
    t
    t
    sin sin sin =
    L
    z n
    L
    y n
    L
    x n
    L
    z
    y
    x
    t
    t
    t
    sin sin sin
    2
    3
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    =
    2
    2
    2 2 2
    8
    ) (
    mL
    h
    n n n E
    z y x
    + + =
    Particle in a Three Dimensional Box
    z y x
    E E E E + + =
    Eigen energy

    You might also like