400kv Protection

400KV PROTECTION
PREPARED BY GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

BUS-1 1-52 CB
MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1
LINE-1
2-52 CB
LINE-2
MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2
1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED. 2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER CONNECTED BY THREE BREAKERS. 3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB. 4. LINE-1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB. 5. LINE-2 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB. 6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e A. VIA BUS-1 & 1-52 CB B. VIA BUS-2, 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB 7. LINE-2 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e A. VIA BUS-2 & 3-52 CB B. VIA BUS-1, 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB 8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED. 9. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-2 THE 3-52CB & 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED. 10. FOR ANY PROBLEM IN LINE-1 OR LINE-2 ALONG WITH MAIN BREAKER THE MIDDLE BREAKER(2-52 CB) MUST TRIP. 11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER IS SUFFICIENT FOR ONE FEEDER. 12. HERE TWO FEEDERS ARE CONTROLED BY THREE BREAKERS. 13. SO THESE TWO FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IT IS CALLED ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM. 14. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-1 & LINE-1 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-1. 15. THE BAY BETWEEN LINE-1 & LINE-2 IS CALLED TIE BAY FOR FEEDER-1 & 2. 16. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-2 & LINE-2 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-2. 17. IN THIS SYSTEM FULL DIA MEANS 2 FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY 3 CBs. 18. HALF DIA MEANS 1 FEEDER CONTROLLED BY 2 CBs.
3-52 CB BUS-2
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT/ T&C/400KV SS/ O/O CE/400KV / L&SS/ VS APTRANSCO, HYDERABAD
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

A.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
ADVANTAGES:
THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A FULL DIA ARE ALWAYS INSERVICE. IF MAIN CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM TIE CB. NEED NOT REQUIRE TRANSFER THE FEEDER. IF TIE CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM MAIN CB. EVEN IF BOTH MAIN BREAKERS UNDER TROUBLE, DURING THAT PERIOD ONE FEEDER IS WORKS AS INCOMING AND OTHER FEEDER IS WORKS AS OUTGOING VIA TIE CB. (WITHOUT INTERUPTION TO FEEDERS) IF BUSBAR-1 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-1 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-1 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-2. IF BUSBAR-2 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-2 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-2 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-1. IN THIS BUSBAR PROTECTION IS SIMPLE AND NEED NOT REQUIRE SELECTION OF ISOLATOR. IT IS MORE RELIABLE SYSTEM FOR OPERATION & MAINTANENCE POINT OF VIEW.
B.
1. 2. 3. 4.
DISADVANTAGES
CT CONNECTIONS & PROTECTION TRIP LOGICS ARE SOME WHAT COMPLICATED. COST TOWARDS CTs, CIRCUIT BREAKERS & PANELS ARE TO BE INCREASED DUE TO EXTRA BAY. THE COST COMPARISION TABLE SHOWN IN NEXT PRESENTATION. THE OPERATIONS FOR OPERATOR POINT OF VIEW IS LITTLE BIT COMPLICATED WHEN COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM. SPACE OCUPATION FOR BAY IS MORE i.e COST OF LAND IS INCREASE.
COST COMPARISION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM & ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM FOR FEEDER
S.No
1.
EQUIPMENT
CIRCUIT BREAKERS CURRENT TRANSFORMERS 3 CT METHOD
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
1 No
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM FULL DIA (FOR 2 FEEDERS)

3 Nos
% INCREASE IN COST
50%
HALF DIA % INCREASE (FOR 1 FEEDER) IN COST

2 Nos 100%
INCLUDES THE COST OF CT MARSHELLING BOXES. 3 Nos 1 No 4 Nos 5 Nos 6 Nos I SET 3 SETS 50% 100% 125% 200% 30% 2 Nos 2 Nos 3 Nos 3 Nos 2 SETS 100% 100% 200% 200% 30%
2.
4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 6 CT METHOD
3.
CONTROL & RELAY PANELS BAY MARSHALLING BOXES CONTROL CABLES
NORMALLY EXTRA PANEL IS TIE BAY PANEL. IT IS ARROUND 30% COST OF MAIN PANEL. BECAUSE IT IS NOT HAVING PROTECTION RELAYS( MM-1 & MM-2 AND OTHER RELAYS) . ONLY TIE CB TRIPPING RELAYS.
4.
1 No
3 Nos
50%
2 Nos
30%
5.
8 KM
30 KM
100%
20 KM
150%
SUBSTATION DESIGN/LAYOUT
(I-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER1 FEEDER3 FEEDER5 FEEDER7 FEEDER9 FEEDER11
BUS-1
BAY10 BAY13 BAY16 BAY1 BAY4 BAY7
BAY11
BAY14
BAY12
BAY15
BUS-2
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FEEDER6
FEEDER8
FEEDER10
FEEDER12
BAY18
BAY3
BAY6
BAY9
BAY17
BAY2
BAY5
BAY8
SUBSTATION DESIGN/LAYOUT
(H-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER1
BAY2
FEEDER2
FEEDER5
BAY8
FEEDER6
FEEDER9
FEEDER10
BAY14
BAY13
BAY9
BUS-1
BUS-2
BAY10 BAY12 BAY16 BAY4 BAY18 BAY17 BAY6
BAY5
BAY11
FEEDER3
FEEDER4
FEEDER7
FEEDER8
FEEDER11
FEEDER12
BAY15
BAY1
BAY3
BAY7
CT METHODS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
CB LINE CB LINE CB LINE LINE CB LINE LINE CB CB
CB 3 CTs METHOD CB 4 CTs METHOD CB 5 CTs METHOD CB 6 CTs METHOD CB 6 CTs METHOD CB 6 CTs METHOD
CB AT/F CB AT/F CB CB CB CB AT/F AT/F AT/F AT/F
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

(3CTS METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT
3-52CB
3P1
P2
P2
3-CT 3 P1 3-89A
2-89A 2-52CB 1-89L
P1
3 3
P2
2-89B 3-89T
LINE 1 T/F-1

(4CTS METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-ACT 2-BCT

P1
3-52CB
3P1
P2
P2
3-CT 3 P1 3-89A
P2
2-89A 1-89L
P1
P2
2-52CB
2-89B 3-89T
LINE 1 T/F-1

(5CTS METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT

P1
3-52CB
3P1
P2
P2 P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
2-89A 1-89L 1L-CT
P2
2-52CB
2-89B 3-89T
3P1
P2
P2 P1
3 3T-CT
LINE 1 T/F-1

(6CTS METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89
P2
BUS-2 3-89
1A-CT 3 P1
3A-CT
1-52CB
P2
3 P1 3
P2 P1
P2
3-52CB
P1
1B-CT
3B-CT
1-89A 2A-CT
P2
3-89A 2B-CT
P1
2-89A 1-89L
2-52CB
P1
P2
2-89B 3-89T
T/F-1 LINE 1

(6CTS METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB
P2
3-52CB
P1
1-CT
3-CT
P2 P1
1-89A 2A-CT
P2
3-89A 2B-CT
P1
2-89A 1-89L
P2
2-52CB
P1
P2
2-89B 3-89T
3 1L-CT P1
LINE 1
3T-CT
3 P1
P2
T/F-1

(6CTS METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89
P2 P1
BUS-2
P2
3 1-CT
P1
3 3-CT
3-89
1-52CB
3-52CB
1-89A 2A-CT
P2
3-89A 2B-CT
P1
2-89A 1-89L
P2
2-52CB
P1
P2
2-89B 3-89T
3 1L-CT P1
LINE 1
3T-CT
3 P1
P2
T/F-1
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS

DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS

DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
1-1/2 CB SYSTEM (SIEMENS VATECH)

VD VD GS GS GS GS GS VD GS GS GS VD
CT DS CB
CT DS DS
CT CB
CT DS DS
CT CB
CT DS
CORE WISE APLICATION OF CTs IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 3CT METHOD 1 CT 2 CT 3 CT BUSBAR-1 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CORE 1
( PS)
PROTECTION
CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER
CORE 2
( PS)
BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) SPARE
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR TRANSFORMER METERING & ENERGY METER FOR AT/F SPARE BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION
CORE 3
( 0.5 / 0.2)
CORE 4
(0.5 / 0.2)
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR FEEDER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR FEEDER
CORE 5
( PS)
CORE 6
( PS)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 4CT METHOD 1- CT 2-BCT 2-ACT 3-CT CT SECONDARY CT SECONDARY SPARE SPARE CORE-1 CORE IS CORE IS
(PS)
CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION
CORE-2
(PS)
SPARE
SPARE
BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION
CORE-4
(PS)
CORE-5
(PS)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 5CT METHOD

1-CT CORE-1 (PS) CORE-2 (PS) CORE-3 (0.5/0.2) CORE-4 (PS) CORE-5 (PS)
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)
1-LCT
TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2) TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2)
2-CT
3-TCT
3-CT
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)
SPARE
TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2) AFTER LBB/BFR (1-52) TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2)
METERING & ENERGY METER MAIN-2 PROTECTION
SPARE
METERING & ENERGY METER BACKUP PROTECTION
SPARE
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
MAIN PROTECTION

(GIS or AIS with DEAD TANK CBs)
1B-CT CORE-1 (PS) CORE-2 (PS)
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
1A-CT
2B-CT
2A-CT
3A-CT
3B-CT
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
(SPARE)
CORE-3 (0.5/0.2)
SPARE
SPARE

1-CT CORE-1 (PS) CORE-2 (PS) CORE-3 (0.5/0.2) CORE-4 (PS) CORE-5 (PS)
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)
1L-CT
TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2) TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2) METERING & ENERGY METER MAIN-2 PROTECTION MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2A-CT
SPARE SPARE
2B-CT
SPARE SPARE
3T-CT
TEED PROT-1 (BAY 2&3) TEED PROT-2 (BAY 2&3) METERING & ENERGY METER BACKUP PROTECTION MAIN PROTECTION
3-CT
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2)

AFTER LBB/BFR (1-52)


CT CORE CONEECTION DIAGRAMS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

BUS
3 3 3
3 1-52CB 2 1
P2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT METERING
MAIN-2/BACKUP PROTECTION
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
3 3 3
1 2 3
3
1-89 1 2
3 3 3 3 3
P1
1-CT 5 1-89L 1-CVT
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

CORES 3 4
ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 3 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

87BB1 BUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 87L 21M2 VL1 CVT VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1 79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 21M1 VL1
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2 MAIN-1 BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 BUSBAR-2 87BB2 MAIN-2 CVT VL2 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)

87BB1 BUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 87L 21M2 VL1 CVT VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1 21M1 VL1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2 MAIN-1 BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 BUSBAR-2 87BB2 MAIN-2 CVT VL2 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)

87BB1 BUSBAR-1 CVT VBB1 79 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF VL1 21M1 VL1
87L
21M2
CVT
VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2 MAIN-1 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 VBB2 BF MAIN-2 CVT VL2 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)
VBB2 CVT
79 25
BUSBAR-2 87BB2

87BB1 BUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 21M1 87 TD1 HZ 87L 21M2 VL1 VL1
87 TD2 LZ
CVT
VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 87 TD1 HZ BUSBAR-2 87BB2 87 TD2 LZ
CVT VL2 MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE) MAIN-2

87BB1 BUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 21M1 87 TD1 HZ 87L 21M2 VL1 VL1
87 TD2 LZ
CVT
VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 87 TD1 HZ BUSBAR-2 87BB2 87 TD2 LZ
CVT VL2 MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE) MAIN-2

87BB1 BUSBAR-1 21M1 CVT VBB1 79 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 FEEDER1 / LINE1 BF 87 TD2 LZ 87 TD1 HZ 87L 21M2 VL1 VL1
CVT
VL1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25
BF
VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 VBB2 VBB2 CVT
FEEDER2 / LINE2 79 CVT VL2 25 87 TD2 LZ BF 87 TD1 HZ BUSBAR-2 87BB2 MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE) MAIN-2
LINE PROTECTION
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
(CT CONNECTIONS IN 3CTs METHOD)
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS-1 1-89
BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB
P2
3-52CB
P1
3 3 3 3 3
CORES 12 3 4 5 2-89A
1-CT 2-CT 2-52CB 1 CORES 2 3 4 5 6 3-89A 3-89T
1-89A 1-89L
. . .
LINE 1
1-CVT
P1
3 3 3 3 3 3
P2
METERING
MAIN-2 PROTECTION MAIN-1 PROTECTION
3 3 3
2-89B
T/F-1
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
1
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
3-52CB CORES 2 3 4 5 6
P2
3-CT 2-CT 1-89A 1-89L 2-52CB

P1
3 3 3 3 3 3
2-89A
CORES 2 3 4 5
P1
6
P22-89B
3-89A 3-89T
3 3 3
LINE 1
METERING MAIN-2 PROTECTION

LV CT
. .
T/F-1
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
BUS BAR PROTECTION
3 3 3 3 3
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
3 3 3
3 3 3
1 2 3
3 2 1
LINE PROTECTION
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS-1 1-89
BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB
P2
3-52CB
P1
3 3 3 3 3
1 CORES 2 3 4 5 2-89A 2-52CB 1 1-CT 2B-CT CORES 2 3 4 5

P2
1-89A 1-89L
3-89A 2-89B 3-89T
. . .
LINE 1
1-CVT
P1
3 3 3 3 3
METERING
MAIN-2 PROTECTION MAIN-1 PROTECTION
3 3 3
T/F-1
1
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
3-52CB
P2
3-CT 2A-CT 1-89A 1-89L 1 CORES 2 3 4 5 2-52CB

P1
CORES 4 3 2
P1
3 3 3 3 3
2-89A
3-89A 2-89B 3-89T
3 3 3
P2
LINE 1
METERING MAIN-2 PROTECTION

LV CT
. .
T/F-1
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
BUS BAR PROTECTION
3 3 3 3 3
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
3 3 3
3 3 3
1 2 3
3 2 1
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS-1 1-89
LINE PROTECTION
BUS-2 3-89
TEED-2 PROT (BAY1&2)
1-52CB
P2
TEED-2 PROT (BAY2&3) TEED-1 PROT (BAY2&3)
3-52CB
1-CT
3 3 3
CORES 1 2 3
P1
1-89A 1-89L
1L-CT
P1
1-CVT
LINE 1
3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
P2
CORES 4 3 2
3 3
.
2-89A 2-52CB 3-89A
P1
METERING MAIN-2 PROTECTION MAIN-1 PROTECTION
3 3 3 3 3
5 4 3 2 CORES 2-CT 1 2-89B
P2
3-89T
T/F-1

3 3
1-89
3 3 3
3-89
1-52CB
TEED-2 PROT (BAY2&3) TEED-1 PROT (BAY2&3)
3-52CB
P2
.
1-89A 1-89L 2-89A 2-52CB P1 5 2-CT 4 3 2 CORES
.
P2
3 3 3
2-89B
3-CT
3-89A 3-89T
P1
LV CT
METERING MAIN-2 PROTECTION MAIN-1 PROTECTION
3 3 3 3 3
P2
3T-CT
1-CVT
P1
LINE 1
T/F-1
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS-1
T/F PROTECTION
3
BUS-2
3 3
3 3 3
CORES 3 4 5 1 CORES 2 3 4 5
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
COMPARISION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CT METHODS

CT PURPOSE
BUSBAR & BUSBAR CHECKUP PROTECTION MAIN-1 MAIN-2 PROTECTION & METERING ADDITIONAL PROTECTION AVAILABLE
3 CT METHOD
4 CT METHOD
6 CT (S) METHOD
5 CT METHOD
6 CT (T1) METHOD
6 CT (T2) METHOD
1 CT FOR BUS-1 & 3 CT FOR BUS-2

1 CT & 2 CT
1 CT FOR BUS-1 1B CT FOR BUS-1 1 CT FOR BUS-1 & & & 3 CT FOR BUS-2 3B CT FOR BUS-2 3 CT FOR BUS-2
1 CT & 2B CT 1A CT & 2B CT 1L CT

1L CT ABOVE FOR FEEDER-1 BELOW FOR FEEDER-2

1L CT
ABOVE CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-1 BELOW CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-2 3 CT & 2 CT
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE & AT/F
3 CT & 2A CT
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE & AT/F
3A CT & 2A CT
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE & ICT
3L CT
TEED-1 & TEED-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE & AT/F
3L CT
3L CT
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION IS A NORMALLY INBUILT PROTECTION FOR MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 RELAYS IN CASE OF LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS. STUB PROTECTION WORKS WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPEN CONDITION ONLY.
TEED1 IS NORMALLY HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY & TEED-2 IS NORMALLY LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY THESE ARE NOT INBUILT IN MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 RELAYS
BLIND ZONE
A FAULT BETWEEN CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CT (END FAULT) MAY THEN STILL BE FED FROM ONE SIDE EVEN WHEN THE BREAKER HAS BEEN OPENED. CONSEQUENTLY, FINAL FAULT CLEARING BY CASCADED TRIPPING HAS TO BE ACCEPTED IN THIS CASE. THIS SITUATION LBB/BFR OPERATES AND TIME TAKEN TO CLEAR FAULT IS ABOUT 300 mSECs. THIS IS BLIND ZONE AREA MINIMUM CTs METHOD. REDUCING THE COST OF CTs TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE. MAIN CB & TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE BLIND ZONE FOR MAIN CB & TIE CB TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE MAIN CB & TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE
ADVANTAGES
WHEN THE FAULT IS TAKEN PLACE BETWEEN THE MAIN CB, TIE CB & LINE ISOLATOR DURING SERVICE ONLY DISTANCE SCHEME SHOULD TAKE CARE
WHEN THE FAULT IS TAKEN PLACE BETWEEN THE MAIN CB, TIE CB & LINE ISOLATOR DURING SERVICE ONLY TEED PROTECTION IN ADDITION TO DISTANCE SCHEME SHOULD TAKE CARE
400KV C.T. INFORMATION

PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 P2 CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS
P1 P1 P2
P2
CORES CORE-1 CORE-2
CLASS PS PS
PURPOSE BUSBAR PROTECTION
SECONDARY CONNECTIONS CURRENT RATING : 1A 2000/ 1A 1S1 1S3 1000/ 1A 1S1 1S2 1S2 1S3 2S1 2S2 2S2 2S3 3S1 3S3 500/ 1A __
1S1 1S2 1S3
CORE-4 CORE-5
PS PS
4S1 4S2 5S1 5S2
MAIN-1 5S1 5S4 PROTECTION
5S1 5S3
EYE BOLT DESIGN
DEAD TANK DESIGN
MAIN-2 4S1 4S4 4S1 4S3 PROTECTION
2S1 2S23 2S
CORE-3 0.5 / 0.2
METERING
3S1 3S4
3S1 3S2
1 1 S1 1SS2 3
1 5S S2 5 S3 5 S4 5
4S1 4S2 4S3 4S4
HAIR PIN / U SHAPE DESIGN
BUSBAR CHECKUP 2S1 2S3 PROTECTION
__
2S1 2S2 2S3
3 3
3 3
5S1 5S2 5S3 5S4 4S1 4S2 4S3 4S4
U U
3S1 3S2 3S3 3S4
U
3S1 3S2 3S3 3S4
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS WHEN 1-52 CB OPEN (3 CT METHOD)

1000A LINE 1-CT 1-52CB
2000-1000-500/1A
0A
CORECORE- 1, 2, 3 FOR 0500/1A CORECORE- 4, 5, 6 FOR 1000/1A
AT/F 3-CT
500A
2-CT 2-52CB
P1 2000-1000-500/1A
1000A 1000A
2000-1000-500/1A
1500A
3-52CB
3 3
2.0A
S1
0A 0A
S1
S2 S3
S2
1.0A
1.0A 2.0A 3.0A
0A
1.0A
1.0A
1.0A 3.0A 2.0A 2.0A
1.0A 1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2/ METER FOR LINE
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2/ METER FOR AT/F
3
3.0A
P2
P1 S3
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1

2000-1000-500/1A
1000A
AT/F 3-CT
500A
2-CT 2-52CB
P1 2000-1000-500/1A
0A 0A
2000-1000-500/1A
0500A
3-52CB
3 3
0A
S1
1.0A 1.0A
S2
S1 S3
S2
0A
0A 0A 1.0A
1.0A
0A
0A
0A 1.0A 0A 0A
1.0A 1.0A
3
1.0A
P2
P1 S3
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1

2000-1000-500/1A
1500A
AT/F 3-CT
500A
2-CT 2-52CB
P1 2000-1000-500/1A
500A 500A
2000-1000-500/1A
0A
3-52CB
3 3
1.0A
S1
1.5A 1.5A
S1
S2 S3
S2
0.5A
0.5A 1.0A 0A
1.5A
0.5A
0.5A
0.5A 0A 1.0A 1.0A
1.0A 1.0A
3
0A
P2
P1 S3
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS (3 CT METHOD)

1000A LINE-1 1-CT 1-52CB
2000-1000-500/1A
750A
LINE-2 2-CT 2-52CB

P1 2000-1000-500/1A
250A 250A
500A
3-CT
2000-1000-500/1A
750A
3-52CB
3 3
0.25A
S1
0.75A 0.75A
S1
S3 S3
S3
0.25A
0.25A 0.25A 0.75A
0.75A
0.25A
0.25A
0.25A 0.75A 0.25A 0.25A
1.0A 0.5A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2/ METER FOR LINE-1
3
0.75A
P2
P1 S3
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS WHEN 1-52 CB OPEN ( 4 CT METHOD)

2000-1000-500/1A
0A
AT/F 2-ACT
2000-1000-500/1A
1000A
500A
2-BCT 2-52CB
1000A
3-CT
1500A
2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
3-52CB
3
1.0A
S1
0A 0A
S1
S3
S2
2.0A 2.0A 1.0A
3.0A
0A
1.0A 2.0A 1.0A
1.0A
1.0A 3.0A 2.0A
1.0A
3
3.0A
P2
P1 S3
P2
P1 S2
P1
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1

2000-1000-500/1A
1000A
AT/F 2-ACT
2000-1000-500/1A
0A
500A
2-BCT 2-52CB
0A
3-CT
500A
2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
3-52CB
3
0A
S1
1.0A 1.0A
S1
S3
S2
0A 0A 0A
1.0A
1.0A
0A 0A
0A
0A 1.0A 0A
1.0A 1.0A
3
1.0A
P2
P1 S3
P2
P1 S2
P1
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS WHEN 3-52 CB OPEN ( 4 CT METHOD)

2000-1000-500/1A
1500A
AT/F 2-ACT
2000-1000-500/1A
500A
500A
2-BCT 2-52CB
500A
3-CT
0A
2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
3-52CB
3
0.5A
S1
1.5A 1.5A
S1
S3
0.5A
S2
1.0A 1.0A
0A
1.5A
0.5A 1.0A
0.5A
0.5A 0A 1.0A
1.0A 1.0A
3
0A
P2
P1 S3
P2
P1 S2
P1
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS ( 4 CT METHOD)

500A LINE-1 1-CT 1-52CB
2000-1000-500/1A
750A
LINE-2 2-ACT
2000-1000-500/1A
250A
1000A
2-BCT 2-52CB
250A
3-CT
750A
2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
3-52CB
3
0.25A
S1
0.75A 0.75A
S1
S3
S3
0.25A 0.25A 0.25A
0.75A
0.75A
0.75A
0.25A 0.25A
0.25A 0.25A 0.75A 0.25A
0.5A 1.0A
P2
P1 S3
P2
P1 S3
P1
P2 S1
P1
P2 S1
TRIP LOGICS OF ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB REL521 MAIN-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RET521 MAIN-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1 ABB REL316 MAIN-2
TRIP COIL-1 2-52CB TRIP COIL-2
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 ABB RET316 MAIN-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY 86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE-1 & SINGLE PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE ) START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE ) INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE ) START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR A/R OPERATION

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4.
AUTO RECLOSURE
CB CLOSE CONDITION. TIME LAPSED MORE THAN RECLAIM TIME. OPERATING PRESSURE OF CB SUITABLE FOR AUTORECLOSURE OPERATION. DC SUPPLY TO AUTORECLOSURE SHOULD BE AVAILABLE. PREPARE 3-PH TRIP RELAY SHOULD BE RELEASED CONDITION. NO BLOCKING SIGNAL TO AUTORECLOSURE RELAY. POLE DISTURBANCE RELAY TIME SHOULD BE MORE THAN TWICE OF DEAD TIME OF AUTO RECLOSURE. CARRIER FAIL SIGNAL SHOULD NOT COME AT BOTH ENDS. CARRIER SWITCH SHOULD BE IN SERVICE CONDITION. SINGLE PHASE & ZONE-1 FAULT ONLY. TRIP MAIN CB SINGLE POLE. TRIP TIE CB SINGLE POLE. CLOSE MAIN CB AFTER DEAD TIME. IF A/R SUCCESS FOR MAIN CB THEN AFTER SUPPLEMENTARY TIME DELAY CLOSE TIE CB.(NORMALLY SUPPLEMENTARY TIME DELAY IS DEAD TIME) IF A/R UNSUCCESS THEN TRIP MAIN & TIE CBs. IF MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION, THEN NO SUPPLEMENTARY DELAY TIME FOR TIE A/R. IT WILL OPERATE ITs OWN DEAD TIME.
AUTO RECLOSURE OPERATION
5. 6.
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE-1 & TWO / THREE PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE-2 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) CARRIER SIGNAL RECEIVED & ZONE-2 STARTER IS PICKUP CONDITION
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
CARRIER SIGNAL RECEIVED & ZONE-2 STARTER IS PICKUP CONDITION
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND ( IF PUTT OR2 SCHEME SELECTED ) INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE- 3/4/5 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL -1
86-GA MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 (INBUILT MAIN-1) DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED SOTF PROTECTION (INBUILT MAIN-1) DEF,TOC, BOC, STUB (INBUILT MAIN-1) TEED-1 PROTECTION
TIE CB
MAIN CB
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 ( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
TRIP COIL-2
86-GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED SOTF PROTECTION ( IN BUILT MAIN-2 ) OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 DEF, TOC, BOC, STUB ( IN BUILT MAIN-2 ) MAIN LBB OPERATED TIE LBB OPERATED TEED-2 PROTECTION
TRIP COIL -2
MASTER TRIP RELAYS HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAYS LOCKOUT RELAYS

PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING. TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB
TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING.
TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB
TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1

INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) 110% OF V 4 SECS FOR FEEDER-1 5 SECS FOR FEEDER-2
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
110% OF V 4 SECS FOR FEEDER-1 5 SECS FOR FEEDER-2
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-a 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2

INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
RXEG 21
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
120% OF V 20m SECS
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

RXEG 21
ACTIVE START TRIP
1O% OF V
DISPLAY
LINE EARTH SWITCH CLOSE PERMISSION ONLY.
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-1 PROTECTION
MAIN LBB
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-2 PROTECTION
DISPLAY
86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY 86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY 96 BB BUSBAR RELAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER
TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE-1(BAY1) & LINE-2 (BAY3) 1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-2 PROTECTION OF LINE-1 (BAY1) & LINE-2 (BAY 3) 86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY
TIE LBB
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY3 AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3 CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES
C
86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1 & BAY3)
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP CHANNEL 1 / 2 RECEIVED

INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
85 LO X1
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED
DISPLAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
85 LO X2
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED.
DISPLAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
STUB PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

LINE/TRANSFORMER ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTERLOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN-1 REL 521/ RET 521 & CONVERTED STUB-1 PROTECTION 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB REL521 STUB-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RET521 STUB-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1 ABB REL316 STUB-2
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 ABB RET316 STUB-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-B MTR/ HSTR
LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTERLOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN-2 REL 316 / RET 316 & CONVERTED STUB-2 PROTECTION
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RADHA TEED-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RADHA TEED-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1 ABB RADSB TEED-2
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 ABB RADSB TEED-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-B MTR/ HSTR
CLOSING INTERLOCK OF MAIN & TIE CB

96 BB 86 GR-A 86 GR-B + VE T N C CB REMOTE CLOSE 21M1 AR MAIN CB
21M2 AR
86 GR-A
86 GR-B + VE T N C TIE CB CB REMOTE CLOSE
TIE
AR
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
RADSB
INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
87 T
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
RADHD
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV MAIN CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
64 REF
DISPLAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)
RAPDK
67 HV ABCN
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RAPDK
ACTIVE START TRIP
67 LV ABCN
DISPLAY
RALK
99T HV
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RATUB
ACTIVE START TRIP
99T LV
DISPLAY
RXIG 21
51 O/L
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RAEDK1
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
NDR
DISPLAY
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL -1
T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY 87 T B/U O/C & E/F PROTN RLY 67 ABCN INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE ICT TROUBLES GR-A PROTECTION TRIP ICT HV OVER FLUX RELAY
TIE CB
MAIN CB
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY 64 REF/T
TRIP COIL-2
INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE ICT TROUBLES GR-B PROTECTION TRIP STUB RELAY 50ST MAIN LBB OPERATED TIE LBB OPERATED ICT LV OVER FLUX RELAY INTER TRIP FROM TBC LBB & MANUAL TRIP OF 220KV
TRIP COIL -2
INITIATION
86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY 86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY 96 BB BUSBAR RELAY
MAIN LBB
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV MAIN CB INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV TBC CB CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB
DISPLAY
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE-1(BAY1)
TIE LBB
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3 CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-2 PROTECTION OF LINE-1 (BAY1)
DISPLAY
86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES
C
86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1)
MAIN-1, MAIN-2 PROTECTION & METERING FOR LINE ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )
Sr.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
VOLTAGE
MAIN- 1 PROTECTION
2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) 3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION
11 KV LINES 33 KV LINES 66 KV LINES 132 KV LINES 220 KV LINES
3 O/L + E/F ( 50 + 50N + 51 + 51N + 67 + 67N ) SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
400 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N)
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER ). DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE SELECTED ( POTT&PUTT ). ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINE ZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END ZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END ZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) AT OTHER END.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR LINE

P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
(4CT METHOD)
IR5 / A511 IY5 / A531 IB5 / A551 VR11 / E111
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4
CORE-5
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
5S4 5S2
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171 1-CVT
IN5 / A571
DISPLAY C E
CT MB
CORE 1 200VA CLASS: 3P
5S2 5S4
P2 P2 P2

(4CT METHOD) (NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR5 / A511 IY5 / A531 IB5 / A551
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4
CORE-5
5S4 5S2
IN5 / A571
IA =250.10 A IB =250.10 A IC =250.10 A VAB =400.0 KV VBC =400.0 KV VCA =400.0 KV
VR11 / E111 VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
1-CVT CORE 1 200VA CLASS: 3P
ESC
ENT
CT MB
ENABLED TRIP
TARGET RESET
IN5 / A571
5S2 5S4
INST TIME COMM SOTF ZONE1 ZONE2 ZONE3 ZONE4
PH-A PH-B PH-C GND 50 51 79 RESET 79 LOCKOUT
IB5 / A551 IY5 / A531 IR5 / A511
P2 P2 P2
SEL
SEL- 421
PROTECTION AUTOMATION CONTROL

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR5 / A511 IY5 / A531 IB5 / A551 VR11 / E111 VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171 1-CVT
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2
CORE-5
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
5S4 5S2
IN5 / A571
DISPLAY C E

(4CT METHOD)
50Z
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
RAICA
4S4 4S4 4S4 4S2
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S2 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S4 4S4
CORE-4
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451 IN4 / C471
LBB / BFR
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
VR21 / E211 VY21 / E231 VB21 / E251 VN21 / E271 1-CVT
DISPLAY C E
CT MB
4S2 4S4
RAICA
LBB / BFR
P2 P2 P2
50ZT

(4CT METHOD) ( NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451 VR21 / E211 VY21 / E231 VB21 / E251 VN21 / E271
1-CVT CORE 2 200VA CLASS: 3P
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S4 4S4
CORE-4
4S4 4S2
IN4 / C471
CT MB
IN4 / C471
4S2 4S4
IB4 / C451 IY4 / C431 IR4 / C411
P2 P2 P2
MULTI FUNCTION NUMERICAL RELAY FOR MULTI BREAKER, MULTI CT & CVT/PT APPLICATION
(NEW APPLICATION) (ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM or RING BUS SYSTEM)
1-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
59
50 BF-1 50 BF-2 25-2

1-52,2-52: MAIN & TIE CIRCUIT BREAKER 21P: PHASE DISTANCE PROTECTION 21N: GROUND DISTANCE PROTECTION 27: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY 67: DIRECTIONAL RELAY 50: INST OVER CURRENT RELAY 51: TIME OVER CURRENT RELAY 59: OVER VOLTAGE RELAY 64: EARTH FAULT RELAY 50BF-1: LBB/BFR OF MAIN CB 50BF-2: LBB/BFR OF TIE CB 79-1,2: AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY OF MAIN & TIE CB 25-1,2: CHECK SYNCHRONISAM RELAY FOR MAIN & TIE CB
79-1 79-2 25-1
21P 50P 51P 67P 27 21N 50N 51N 67N
3 LINE CVT
LINE
BUS-1 PT
BUS-2 PT

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451 VR21 / E211 VY21 / E231 VB21 / E251 VN21 / E271 1-CVT
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2
CORE-4
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
4S4 4S2
IN4 / C471
DISPLAY C E
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(4CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR3 / D311 IY3 / D331 IB3 / D351
CLASS: 0.5
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: 0.5
3 3 3
CORE-3
3 3 3
3S4 3S4 3S2 3S2 3S2 3S2 3S4 3S4
CORE-3
3S4 3S2
IN3 / D371
CT MB
VR31 / E311 VY31 / E331 VB31 / E351 VN31 / E371 1-CVT CORE 3 100VA
3S2 3S4
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: 0.5
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR3 / D311 IY3 / D331 IB3 / D351
CLASS: 0.5/0.2 IN3 / D371
3 3 3
3S4 3S4 3S2 3S2
CORE-3
3S4 3S2
VR31 / E311 VY31 / E331 VB31 / E351 VN31 / E371 1-CVT CORE 3 100VA CLASS: 0.5/0.2
BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION

NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION
IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARING TAKES PLACE IN ZONE-2 OF DISTANCE RELAY BY REMOTE END TRIPPING. THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND WIDE SPREAD BLACKOUT.
EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE

GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT. INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENT LIKE SHAFTS OF GENERATOR AND WINDINGS OF TRANSFORMER.
BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURRENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING AT THAT NODE.
BUS BAR PROTECTION SYSTEMS

LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
THE MOST SUITABLE PROTECTION SCHEME FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS (WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS) WITH FEEDERS BEING SWITCHED BETWEEN SECTIONS OF BUSBAR, WHICH OPERATES WITH FULL SELECTIVITY FOR ALL POSSIBLE BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION

THE HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION SCHEME, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS A GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS , ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBARS, PROVIDING THAT APPROPRIATE DEDICATED CT CORES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THIS USE ALONE.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION

SENSTIVE, STABLE & FAST PROTECTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS AND ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS. THE SYSTEM HAS LIMITS WHEN USED IN COMPLEX BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS. HOWEVER, SPECIAL CT REQUIREMENTS, ADDITIONAL HIGH VOLTAGE DEVICE PROTECTION, DEMANDING MAINTANENCE ETC PUT RESTRICTIONS IN ITS APPLICATIONS.
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTs. NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES. IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETISING IMPEDENCE. AUX CTs RATIO CORRECTIONS UNACCEPTABLE. IN ABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT. SLOW RESPONSE. BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20ms. THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES.
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

LOW IMPEDENCE PROTECTION(PERCENTAGE BIASED BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY) IS PREFARABLE FOR THE PROTECTION OF DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS.
ADVANTAGES
FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTICS OR RATIOs, LOW LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT. STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVELS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION. DETECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1 2ms & INITIATES TRIPPING WITHIN 5 7ms.
BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE
EXTERNAL FAULT
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I5 I3 I1
INTERNAL FAULT
IF
I2
I4
I6
IF
IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5
IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

87BBC
96 BBC : BUSBAR CHECK TRIPPING RELAY
87BBM
U U
U U U U U U U U
U U
U U U U U U U U U U U U
52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COIL
- VE + VE
96 BBM : BUSBAR MAIN TRIPPING RELAY
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
Is
OPERATING COIL
OVER CURRENT COIL
52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COIL
LOW IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION
96 BUSB BAR TRIPPING RELAY
OVER CURRENT STARTER RELAYS
U U
RESTRAINT COIL
Id
+VE
-VE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES

DETAILS
PRINCIPLE CTs
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

THE CURRENTS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE BUSBAR ARE COMPARED CONTINUOSLY. IT INVOLVES CHOOSING OF IMPEDENCE HIGH ENOUGH STABLISE THE RELAY FOR HEAVY EXTERNAL FAULTS IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIOs & TURNS RATIO. LOW RESISTANCE OF SECONDARY WINDING MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF 300300-500V. LOW MAGNETISING CURRENT(FEW MILLIAMPS).
PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW IMPEDENCE BUS BAR PROTECTION

IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS SETTING. THE RESULTANT BIAS IS PROPOTIONAL TO ARITHMATIC SUM OF ALL CURRENTS, WHEREAS THE OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR SUM OF ALL CIRCUIT CURRENTS. IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF UNEQUAL RATIOS ALSO. FREE OF ANY NEED OF MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT. IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs HAVE NO EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SCHEME. OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION. MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS ( WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS). DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 2 mS AND INITIATES TRIPPING WITH IN 55-7mS. STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL. HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE FEATURE (NO SEPARATE CHECKZONE FEATURE) i.e OVER CURRENT STARTING RELAY PROVIDED.
BURDEN CT SATURATION UTILISATION OPERATING TIME STABILITY PERFORMANCE ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SCHEME OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBAR SYSTEMS. BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20 mS. mS. INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES.
BUS BAR PROTECTION

(4CT & 5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-1
3 3 3
1S3 1S3 1S1 1S1 1S1 1S1 1S3 1S3
CORE-1
IN1 / B171
1S3 1S1
REB 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
IB1 / B151 IY1 / B131 IR1 / B111
BUS BAR PROTECTION FOR BUS-1
DISPLAY C E REB 316

ACTIVE START TRIP
CT MB IR1 / B111 IY1 / B131 IB1 / B151

1S1 1S3
IN1 / B171
DISPLAY C E
P2 P2 P2
BUS BAR PROTECTION FOR BUS-2
3-52 3-CT 1-CT
BUS-2
BUS-1
U U
2-52
U U
1-52
ABB
6-52 6-CT 4-CT
U U
5-52
U U
4-52
9-52 9-CT
U U
8-52
7-CT
U U
7-52
12-52
12-CT
U U
11-52
10-CT
U U
10-52
15-52
15-CT
U U
14-52
13-CT
U U
13-52
18-52
BUS BAR PROTECTION
ABB RADSS 87 - BB BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION

16-52 17-52 18-CT 16-CT
RADSS 87 - BB BUS BAR-2 PROTECTION U U U U

21-52 21-CT
U U
20-52
19-CT
U U
19-52
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

1-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 4-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 7-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1010-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1313-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1616-52 CB
+VE
1-52 CB PANEL
TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK TO BLOCK A/R TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1 DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-2 TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
4-52 CB PANEL
4-52 CB PANEL
REB 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
7-52 CB PANEL
7-52 CB PANEL
DISPLAY
1010-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
10-52CB PANEL
TO START 50 LBB
13-52 CB PANEL
1313-52 CB PANEL
1616-52 CB PANEL
16-52 CB PANEL
BUSBAR PANEL
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

3-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 3-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 6-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 9-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1212-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1515-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1818-52 CB
+VE
3-52 CB PANEL
6-52 CB PANEL
6-52 CB PANEL
REB 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
9-52 CB PANEL
9-52 CB PANEL
DISPLAY
1212-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
12-52CB PANEL
TO START 50 LBB
15-52 CB PANEL
1515-52 CB PANEL
1818-52 CB PANEL
18-52 CB PANEL
BUSBAR PANEL
NUMERICAL CENTRALISED & DISTRIBUTED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB (7 SS 52) SIEMENS (MICOM P740) ALSTOM
OR
BUS-1
OR
10-52
11-52
BUS-2
OR
OR
12-52
15-52
3-52
6-52
9-52
14-52
2-52
5-52
8-52
13-52
1-52
4-52
7-52
MISCELENEOUS RELAYS & PROTECTIONS ADOPTED FOR LINE IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
(STUB, TEED, LBB/BFR AND AUTO RECLOSURE FUNCTIONS) PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
STUB-1/ STUB-2 PROTECTION

3 3
BUS-1 1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB
BUS-2
LINE-1
STUB-1&2 (BAY 1&2) 1-89L REL 521 REL 316
AT/F-1 DISTANCE RELAYS CONVERTED TO STUB/BUS OVER LOAD RELAYS WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPENS
WHEN A LINE IS SUPPLIED VIA TWO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A ONE & HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER ARRANGEMENT, THE LINE PROTECTION INCLUDES THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO CTs. HOWEVER, WHEN THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN THE LINE CVTs FOR THE DISTANCE PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED TO THE LINE AND CANNOT PROVIDE THE CORRECT VOLTAGE FOR THE STUB END.(i.e THE AREA BETWEEN THE LINE ISOLATOR AND CTs) (STUB = DEAD END) TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR A FAULT IN THIS AREA, REL 521/ REL 316 IS PROVIDED WITH A STUB PROTECTION WHICH GIVES AN BUS OVER CURRENT TRIP IF THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN AND THE CURRENT EXCEEDS THE SET VALUE IN ANY PHASE.
STUB-1 (BAY 1&2)

OPERATES
IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR-A MAIN CB (1-52CB) AND 3PH TRIP GR-A TIE CB (2-52CB) IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR-B MAIN CB (1-52CB) AND 3PH TRIP GR-B TIE CB (2-52CB)
STUB-2 (BAY 1&2)

OPERATES
STUB PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

LINE/TRANSFORMER ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTERLOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN-1 REL 521/ RET 521 & CONVERTED STUB-1 PROTECTION 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB REL521 STUB-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RET521 STUB-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1 ABB REL316 STUB-2
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 ABB RET316 STUB-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-B MTR/ HSTR
LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTERLOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN-2 REL 316 / RET 316 & CONVERTED STUB-2 PROTECTION
TEED-1 PROTECTION
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD) IR5 IY5 IB5
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2 2-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-1
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 1S4 1S4 1S1 1S1
CORE-5
5S4 5S2
IN5
RADHA
IR5 IY5 IB5 IN5
P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2
ACTIVE START TRIP
5S4 5S2
DISPLAY C E
IN1
1S4 1S1
IB1 IY1 IR1

P1 P1 P1
TEED-1 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS ABOVE AND THE FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED 3-CT(CORE-5), 2-CT(CORE-1) & 3-TCT(CORE-1) ARE STARRED AND CONNECTED TO TEED-1 PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROTECTION
RAICA LBB/BFR
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
CT MB CT MB P2 P2 P2
CLASS: PS
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-2
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2 2S3 2S3 2S2 2S2
CORE-4
4S4 4S2
RAICA LBB/BFR
RADSB
ACTIVE START TRIP
4S4 4S2
3 3 3
4S2 4S2
4S4
4S4
2-CT
DISPLAY
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
C
2S3 2S2
TEED-2 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS ABOVE AND THE FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED 3-CT(CORE-4), 2-CT(CORE-2) & 3-TCT(CORE-2) ARE CONNECTED TO TEED-2 PROTECTION
TEED-1/ TEED-2 PROTECTION

3 3 3
BUS-1 1-52CB TEED-1&2 (BAY 1&2) 2-52CB 3-52CB TEED-1&2 (BAY 2&3) BUS-2
LINE-1 AT/F-1 TEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW. THREE SETS OF CTS ARE CONNECTED IN STAR FASHION. SOME OF THE CURRENTS MUST BE ZERO. IF ANY UNBALANCE CURRENTS ARE NOTICED THEN IMMEDIATELY TEED PROTECTION OPERATES. IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 1&2 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 1-52CB & 2-52CB. SIMILARLY IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 2&3 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 2-52CB & 3-52CB.
TEED-1 PROTECTION TEED-2 PROTECTION
SUMMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PHASES OF T-SHAPED 3 CTs BEFORE REACHING TO RELAY. THE CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH IN 3-PHASES AFTER SUMMATION IS ZERO DURING BALANCED CONDITION. HIGH IMPENDENCE THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED AS TEED-1 PROTECTION. T- SHAPED 3 CTs ARE CONNECTED TO RELAY. THE RELAY HAVING OPERATING COIL & RESTAIRING COIL. BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE OPERATING COIL THE RELAY OPERATES. LOW IMPEDENCE PERCENTAGE BIASED THREE TERMINAL THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED AS TEED-2 PROTECTION.
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RADHA TEED-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RADHA TEED-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1 ABB RADSB TEED-2
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 ABB RADSB TEED-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-B MTR/ HSTR
BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION

LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM FAULTY BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN THE CASE OF FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT BREAKER. IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING TIME MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT CLEARED DUE TO FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS OR THEIR ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING BACKUP PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST CLEAR THE FAULT. THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS. REMOTE BACK-UP. LOCAL BACK-UP.
REMOTE BACK-UP
PROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE RELAYS (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE SUBSTATION.
LOCAL BACK-UP
LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO CATAGORIES. RELAY BACK-UP BREAKER BACK-UP
RELAY BACK-UP
DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED DISTANCE PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL ) OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}). IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION. BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM. IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE FORE BE TRIPPED.
BREAKER BACK-UP
LBB/BFR FLOW CHART

MAIN PROTECTION OPERATED YES TRIP MAIN BREAKER FAULT CLEARED YES RESET BREAKER FAILURE SCHEME
NO
YES
INITIATE BFR
WAIT FOR FAULT CLEARENCE
AND
TRIP BACK-UP BREAKERS
LBB/BFR TIME CO-ORDINATION CHART

FAULT OCCURS
NORMAL CLEARING TIME
NORMAL CLEARING
PROTECTIVE RELAY FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY BREAKER INTURUPTING TIME RESETTING TIME OF THE CURRENT MEASURING UNITS
MARGIN
~30ms
~60ms
<12ms
TRIPPING RELAY TIME BACK-UP BREAKER INTERUPTING TIME MARGIN
SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT
INOPERATIVE BREAKER
BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY
LBB/BFR LOGIC
CURRENT INPUTS PHASE L1 PHASE L2/E PHASE L3
A/D CONVERTER
PHASE CURRENT SET POINT
~
|||
I > ISET I > ISET

EARTH CURRENT SET POINT
& &
LED (PHASE START) ALARM RELAY (PHASE START)
>1
ALARM RELAY (EARTH START) LED (EARTH START)
OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY BINARY INPUT CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE
TIMING/OUTPUT STAGE
TIME STAGE T1
TRIP T1 RELAY
&
0
TIME STAGE T2 SWITCHED OFF TIME STAGE T2
LED
&
>1 O&
ALARM T1 RELAY TRIP T2 RELAY
LED LED
CB FAILURE INITIATE
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1 BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB AT/F-1 BUS-2
RAICA
LBB / BFR 50Z
RAICA
LBB / BFR 50ZT
RAICA
LBB / BFR 50Z

LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY. 1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER. THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY. THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A OR/AND 86-B) OPERATES AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP. IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED. THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO OPERATE. AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT IS THERE THIS THINKS BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION.
1-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

ABB REL521 MAIN-1 86-A 86-A 2-52CB TC-2 TC-1 86-B
ABB REL316 MAIN-2
DIRECT TRIP 1&2 VIA CARRIER TO OTHER END BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION OPTD AND BUSBAR-1 ISOLATED
INITIALISATION
LBB/BFR
TIME DELAY
1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1 TC-2
86-B
3-52CB BUS-2

ABB REL521 MAIN-1 ABB RET521 MAIN-1 86-A
ABB REL316 MAIN-2

DIRECT TRIP 1&2 VIA CARRIER TO OTHER END TO 86-B TRIP RELAY OF LINE CB(1-52CB)
INITIALISATION
ABB RET316 MAIN-2

INTER TRIP TO LVCB & TBCCB TO 86-B TRIP RELAY OF AT/F(ICT) CB (3-52CB)
LBB/BFR
TIME DELAY
1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1
2-52CB TC-2
86-B
3-52CB BUS-2

ABB RET521 MAIN-1 86-A 86-A 86-B
ABB RET316 MAIN-2
86-B
INITIALISATION
INTER TRIP TO LV CB & TBC CB BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION OPTD AND BUSBAR-2 ISOLATED
LBB/BFR
TIME DELAY
1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1
2-52CB TC-2 TC-2
3-52CB TC-1 BUS-2
AUTO RECLOSURE BASICS

FAULTS ARE THREE TYPES 1. TRANSIENT FAULT: These are cleared by the immediate tripping of Circuit Breakers and do not reoccur when the line is re-energized. 2. SEMI-PERMANENT FAULTS: These require a time interval to disappear before a line is charged again. 3. PERMANENT FAULTS: These are to be located and repaired before the line is re-energized. About 80-90% of the faults occurring are transient in nature. Hence the Automatic Reclosure of breaker (after tripping on Fault) will result in the line being successfully re-energized. ADVANTAGES: A. Decreasing outage time. B. Improving Reliability. C. Improving system stability. D. Reduce fault damage and Maintenance Time. DEAD TIME: The time between the Auto-reclosing Scheme being energized and the operation of the contacts which energize the Circuit Breaker closing circuit. RECLAIM TIME: The Time Following a successful closing operation measured from the instant the Auto-Reclosing relay closing contacts make which must elapse before the Auto-Reclosing relay initiates another reclosing attempt. In other words, it may be said to be the time between 1st and 2nd Auto-Reclosure.
TYPES OF AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEMES: 1. BASED ON PHASE A. THREE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: This type of Auto-Reclosing causes an immediate drift part of the two systems and hence no interchange of synchronizing power can take place during the dead time. B. SINGLE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: In this, only the faulty phase(only SLG Faults) is reclosed without causing interruption in interchange synchronizing power between two systems through other two healthy phases. 2. BASED ON ATTEMPTS OF RECLOSURE A. SINGLE SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, Breaker is reclosed only once on a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker Occurs. High-Speed Auto-Reclosing for EHT System is invariably Single Shot. B. MULTI-SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, more than one reclosing attempts made for a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker occurs. B.I. DISADVANTAGES: Repeated closure attempts has with high fault level would seriously affect the Circuit Breaker, Equipment and System Stability. B.ii. CIRCUIT BREAKER LIMITATIONS: Ability of Circuit Breaker to Perform several Trip Close operations in quick succession. B. iii. SYSTEM CONDITIONS: In the percentage of the semi-Permanent faults (which could be burnt out) is moderate, For example on the lines through the forest, multi shot Auto-Reclosing is followed. 3. DEPENDING ON SPEED: A. HIGH-SPEED AUTO-RECLOSING: This aids in fast restoration of supply but should be done by taking into account the following factors. I. System disturbance time can be tolerated without loss of system stability. ii. Characteristics of Protection Schemes and Circuit Breaker. B. LOW SPEED OR DELAYED AUTO RECLOSING: This is suitable for highly interconnected systems where the loss of a single line is unlikely to cause two sections of the system to drift apart and loose synchronism.
METHOD OF ADOPTION IN ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM: The Auto-Reclosure Functions used for the Bus Breakers 1-52CB & 3-52CB are set as Masters and one for the Center Breaker 2-52CB(TIE) as Follower. Co-ordination is required between the Auto-Reclosure Functions. A Synchrocheck function is also loaded in each Relay to permit 3 pole Auto-Reclosing. Each Line Protection relays starts both MAIN & TIE Circuit Breakers to trip for the Concerned line. After a Successful reclosure of the Main Breaker, The Tie Breaker will be reclosed after a supplementary time delay. Should the Main CB AutoReclosure relay not be successful in its reclosing attempts, the Tie CB AutoReclosure is blocked. If the Main CB is Open or its Auto-Reclosure Relay is not ready or Out of service, The TIE CB Auto-Reclosure will reclose The TIE Breaker after its own dead time without any supplementary time delay. CHOICES OF EHV SYSTEM: 1. CHOICE OF DEAD TIME: A. Lower limit is decided by deionising of Circuit Breaker. B. Upper Limit is decided by Transient Stability and Synchronism. C. Longer Transmission Lines Require Longer dead Time. D. The dead time for High Speed Auto-Reclosing scheme with EHV System is 0.3 to 1.2 sec. 2. CHOICE OF RECLAIM TIME: This should not be set to such a low value that the operating cycle of Breaker is exceeded when two faults incident occurs close together. The reclaim time will be in the range of 10 to 30 sec., depending the breaker opening and closing mechanisms. 3. CHOICE OF ZONE: This should normally kept in Zone-1. It is a Zone-1 fault and SLG fault only autoreclosure is comes in to picture. In other zones the auto reclosure is blocked.
AUTO-RECLOSURE FOR ONE & HALF BREAKER SCHEME

TRIP COMMANDS AUTO RECLOSURE COMMANDS
79 (A/R)+ 25(SYNC) RAAAM RASC
1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB
21 L1 MAINMAIN-1 REL 521
LINE-1
LINE-2
AUTO RECLOSING TIMING CHART

INSTANT OF FAULT
OPERATES RESETS PROTECTION
TRANSIENT FAULT
OPERATING TIME
ARC CONTACTS TRIP COIL CONTACTS ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS MAKE FULLY CLOSED ENERGISED
CIRCUIT BREAKER
OPENING TIME ARCING TIME RESETS CLOSING TIME DEAD TIME OPERATES RESETS
OPERATING TIME OPERATES
PROTECTION
PERMANENT FAULT
OPERATING TIME
RECLOSE ON TO FAULT
TRIP COIL CONTACTS ARC CONTACTS ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS ENERGISED MAKE FULLY CLOSED
CONTACTS ARC CONTACTS SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CIRCUIT BREAKER
OPENING TIME
ARCING TIME SYSTEM DISTURBANCE TIME
CLOSING TIME DEAD TIME
OPERATING TIME RECLOSE INITIATED BY PROTECTION
TRIP COIL ENERGISED
AUTO RECLOSE RELAY

DEAD TIME CLOSING PULSE TIME RECLAIM TIME
RELAY READY TO RESPOND TO FURTHER FAULT INCIDENTS (AFTER SUCEESFUL RECLOSRE)
TIME
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING SCHEMES ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL

15
ALARM-1 250V DC
NSD 50/ NSD 70

ACTIVE START TRIP
C S
2+ 5C R
TX TRIP A(C)
1C S
2+ 5C R
TX TRIP C(A)
6+
RX TRIP A(C)
6+
RX TRIP C(A)
DISPLAY C
7
ALARM-2 250V DC
C S
910+ 1314+
TX TRIP B(D)
9C S
10+ 13C R
TX TRIP D(B)
E
G4AA TB: V9LB
C R
RX TRIP B(D)
14+
RX TRIP D(B)
G4AC TB: V9LC
GA4D TB:V9LC
PROTECTION COUPLERS FOR 400KV LINE

FOR EACH LINE 2Nos PROTECTION COUPLER PANELS PROVIDED. FOR EACH LINE 1NO CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PROVIDED. SO, 1 LINE REQUIRES TOTAL 3 PANELS. CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PURELY FOR VOICE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO SUBSTATIONS, i.e THE LINE CONNECTED SUBSTATIONS. THE VOICE COMMUNICATION ARE TWO METHODS PROVIDED. ONE IS HOTLINE COMMUNICATION/DEDICATED/ LIFT&TALK METHOD. ANOTHER IS DIAL METHOD. IN PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 TOTAL 3 CARDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR SENDING & RECEIVING TRIP SIGNALS. ONE CARD FOR ALARM i.e G4AA. ONE CARD FOR PERMISSIVE/PROTECTION TRIP i.e G4AC & ANOTHER CARD FOR DIRECT TRIPS i.e G4AD. IN PROTECTION COUPLER-2 PANEL ALSO 3 CARDS ARE PROVIDED SIMILAR TO PROTECTION COUPLER-1 PANEL. THE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL DRAWING IS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS MENU. 1SET TX & RX FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP(G4AC) 1SET TX & RX FOR BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION IN ANOTHER PANEL(G4AC). 1SET TX & RX FOR DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1( G4AD). 1SET TX & RX FOR SPARE UNDER EMERGENCY(G4AD). THE ABOVE ARRANGEMENT SIMILAR FOR PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2. G4AA CARD FOR ALARM.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 1 G4AC V9LC 6 G4AC V9LC 5 G4AC V9LC 2
IN OUT CARRIER RECEIVE
ABB
REL521
CR -VE
CS
CARRIER SEND
ABB
G4AA V9LB 5 G4AA V9LB 6

PANEL-1
ALARM
+VE
-VE
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 10 G4AC V9LC 13 G4AC V9LC 14 G4AC V9LC 9 THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
ABB
PANEL-2
MAIN-2 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 1 G4AC V9LC 6 G4AC V9LC 5 G4AC V9LC 2
IN OUT CARRIER RECEIVE
ABB
REL316
CR -VE
CS
CARRIER SEND
ABB
G4AA V9LB 5 G4AA V9LB 6

PANEL-2
ALARM
+VE
-VE
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 10 G4AC V9LC 13 G4AC V9LC 14 G4AC V9LC 9 THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
ABB
PANEL-1
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL-1

96 BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-2) 96 BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-1) CONTROL PANEL T NC
PANEL-1
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
T NC
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
TIE CB(2-52CB)
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA 59L1 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 59L2 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 87 TEED1 / TEED-1 PROTECTION 87 TEED2 / TEED-2 PROTECTION 50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
G4AD V9LC 2 G4AD V9LC 1
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
DC VE FROM PANEL CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP 1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED. 4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY). 5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED. 8. 59L2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 OPERATED. 9. 87 TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED 10. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL-2

96 BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-2) 96 BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-1) CONTROL PANEL T NC
PANEL-2
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
T NC
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
TIE CB(2-52CB)
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA 59L1 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 59L2 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 87 TEED1 / TEED-1 PROTECTION 87 TEED2 / TEED-2 PROTECTION 50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
DC VE FROM PANEL CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP 1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED. 4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY). 5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED. 8. 59L2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 OPERATED. 9. 87 TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED 10. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE CHANNEL-1&2

PANEL-1
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE G4AD V9LC 6 G4AD V9LC 5 PANEL-2
DIRECT TRIP-1 CARRIER RECEIVE RELAY
TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB(152CB) TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB(252CB)
+VE
-VE TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB(152CB) TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB(252CB)
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE G4AD V9LC 6 G4AD V9LC 5
DIRECT TRIP-2 CARRIER RECEIVE RELAY
PLCC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM (TELEPROTECTION)

ABB Network Partner AG REL531 ABB Network Partner AG REL531
REL 521 MAIN-1 PROTECTION

C C E E
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION NSD 50 PANEL PLCC PANEL NSD 50 PANEL ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
NSD 50 PANEL PLCC PANEL NSD 50 PANEL
ELECTRICAL POWER LINE
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FIBRE OPTIC PROTECTION SYSTEM (TELEPROTECTION)


C C E E
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION NSD 70 PANEL

GECOD/ SIFOX GECOD/ SIFOX
ABB Network Partner AG
NSD 70 PANEL TUNOS TUNOS FOX-U FOX-515 FOX-U FOX-515
NSD 70 PANEL
NSD 70 PANEL
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 REC 316*4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FIBRE OPTIC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM (TELEPROTECTION) DIGITAL RELAY CONNECTION VIA FIBRE OPTIC

C C E E
OTERM
TUNOS
REC 316*4
TUNOS
REC 316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OTERM
C E
FOX-U FOX-515
FOX-U FOX-515
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 PROTECTION FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
BASICS OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

1. PURPOSE OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION POWER T/F PROTECTION IS USUALLY INSTALLED TO DISCONNECT THE T/F AT: A. INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS AND EARTH FAULTS IN THE T/F AND ITS CONNECTED CIRCUITS. B. EXTERNAL FAULTS ON OTHER CIRCUITS. (BACK-UP PROTECTION) C. ABNORMAL SERVICE CONDITIONS SUCH AS OVERLOAD & OVER VOLTAGE. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON POWER T/F A. OIL IMMERSED POWER T/F USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE. DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS. B. LOAD TAPCHANGER COMPARTMENTS MAY HAVE A SIMILAR OVER PRESSURE DEVICE. C. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD PROTECTION. D. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE T/F FROM HIGH PRESURES. TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR T/F. THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PROTECTION IS THE CURRENT RESTRAINT TYPE. SOME TYPE OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS REQUIRE INTERPOSING CTs FOR CT RATIO MATCHING AND/OR PHASE SHIFT. HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CAN BE USED ON AUTO T/F & REACTORS. IT COVERS ONE GALVANICALLY INTERCONNECTED WINDING (WDG DIFF). BUT NOT A SEPARATE TERTIARY WINDING. IT REQUIRES A THREE PHASE SET OF CTs AT THE NEUTRAL SIDE OF WINDING.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION THIS IS A HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION FOR ONE WINDING OR 1-PH. IT IS SOME TIMES USED IN LOW IMPEDENCE EARTHED SYSTEMS TO GIVE AN INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION. WHICH IS MORE SENSITIVE THAN THE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL ONE. TYPICAL SENSITIVITY IS 5%. THERE ARE SOME PARTICULAR CT REQUIREMENTS, e.g. EQUAL TURNS RATIO OF THE CTs. INCASE OF T/F HAVING EARTHED STAR WINDING ONE RELAY SUFFICIENT. T/F HAVING STAR/STAR (BOTH EARTHED) APPLY TWO INDEPENDENT RELAYS. BACK UP PROTECTION A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE. A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY COMBINATION OF THESE) B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21T). C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>). OTHER TYPES OF RELAYS A. OVER VOLTAGE RELAY (U >). B. OVER FLUX/ EXCITATION (V/F >)( INVERSE TIME & DIFENITE TIME). FOR 400KV/220KV, 315 MVA & 500MVA TRANSFORMERS BOTH SIDES( i.e HV & LV) OVER FLUX RELAYS ARE PROVIDED BECAUSE BOTH SIDES HAVING GRID.
NORMALLY ADOPTED POWER TRANSFORMERS CAPACITIES IN 400KV / 220KV CAPACITY OF TRANSFORMER 315 MVA 500 MVA HV VOLTAGE 400 KV 400 KV HV CURRENT 454.68 A 721.71 A LV VOLTAGE 220 KV 220 KV LV CURRENT 0826.68 A 1312.20 A
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
BACK UP PROTECTION HV LV
S.No
CAPA CITY
VOLTAGE RATIO
MAIN PROTECTION
ADDITIONAL SPECIAL PROTECTION PROTECTION

BUCHHOLZ, OLTC OSR OIL TEMP WDNG TEMP
7.5 MVA 16 MVA 16 MVA 31.5 MVA 50 MVA 31.5 MVA 50 MVA 100 MVA
132KV/11KV
3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL
3 OL + 1 EL 3 OL + 1 EL 3 OL + 1 EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL
2 3 4
132KV/33KV 220KV/33KV 220KV/132KV
NIL BUCHHOLZ OVER FLUX OLTC OSR PRV/PRD OIL TEMP WDNG TEMP
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
315 MVA 500 MVA
400KV/220KV
3 DIR OL 3 DIR OL (HIGHSET) + (HIGHSET) + 1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL (HIGHSET) (HIGHSET)
REF RELAY, OVER LOAD ALARM RELAY
MAIN-1/ DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
AUX.CT Y/ 0.91 / 0.577A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
2-ACT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 5S3 5S3 5S3 5S4
CLASS: PS
5S4
5S4
AUX.CT Y/ 0.91 / 0.577A
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S3 5S3
CORE-5
5S4 5S3
RET 521/ RET 316 RADSB

ACTIVE START TRIP
AUX.CT Y/ 0.689 / 0.577A
5S1 5S3
3 3 3
5S3 5S3
5S1
5S1
P2 P2 P2 LV-CT
DISPLAY
CT MB
CORE-5
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
NORMALLY LOW IMPEDENCE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED FOR TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
P2 P2 P2
MAIN-1/ DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(5 CT METHOD)
CT MB
P2 P2 P2 3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
AUX.CT Y/ 0.91 / 0.577A
RET 521/ RET 316 RADSB

ACTIVE START TRIP
AUX.CT Y/ 0.689 / 0.577A
5S1 5S3
3 3 3
5S3 5S3
5S1
5S1
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S3 5S3
CORE-5
5S4 5S3
P2 P2 P2 LV-CT
DISPLAY C
CORE-5
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
SELECTION OF AUX.CTs FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

NORMALLY 400KV/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMERS ARE OF CAPACITY 315MVA. FOR MERZ PRICE PROTECTION IF TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED IN STAR/STAR THEN CT SECONDARIES ARE TO BE CONNECTED IN DELTA/DELTA. CORRECT RATIO CTs ARE NOT AVAILABLE, THEN AUX.CTs ARE TO BE PROVIDED FOR ACHEVING SUITABLE CURRENTS. IF AUX CTs ARE USING THEN MAIN CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN STAR. THIS IS BROUGHT TO AUX CTs. AUX CTs PRIMARY IS CONNECTED IN STAR & SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. NORMALLY THE RELAY RATED CURRRENT IS 1A. AUX.CT s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. FOR ACHIEVING 1A TO RELAY, AUX.CT SECONDARY CURRENT IS TO BE 0.577A. THE FULL LOAD PRIMARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 454.7A. BUT THE 400KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE : 2000-1000-500/1A NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 500/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED. HENCE AT FULL LOAD HV CURRENT i.e 454.7A, THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT WILL BE 0.91A. SO HV SIDE AUX.CT RATIO IS 0.91/0.577A. THE FULL LOAD SECONDARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 826.7A. BUT THE 220KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE: 1200-800/1A. NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 1200/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED. HENCE AT FULL LOAD LV CURRENT i.e 826.7A,THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT WILL BE 0.689A. SO LV SIDE AUX CT RATIO IS 0.689/0.577A. SPECIAL INFORMATION: LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS NEED NOT REQUIRE AUX CTs. IN THESE RELAYS, CT RATIOS MATCHING CAN BE PROGRAMMED.
MAIN-2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
2-ACT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S3 4S3 4S3 4S3 4S4 4S4
CORE-4
4S4 4S3
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 RAICA IB4 / C451 LBB / BFR IN4 / C471 50Z
VR11 / E111
RAPDK DIR O/L & E/F REL 505

ACTIVE START TRIP
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172 E174
3 3
DISPLAY
CT MB
CVT SELECTION BUS-1 CVT / BUS-2 CVT / LINE CVT CORE-1

VA : 200
C
4S3 4S4
IB4 / C451 IY4 / C431 IR4 / C411
CLASS: 3P
P2 P2 P2
MAIN-2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(5 CT METHOD)
VR11 / E111
P2 P2 P2 3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451

4S4 4S4 4S4 4S3 4S3 4S3

ACTIVE START TRIP
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172 E174
3 3
IN4 / C471
DISPLAY C

VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
MAIN-2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F LV

P1 P1 P1 LV-CT
CTR: 1200 800 /1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS P2 P2 P2
3 3 3
4S2 4S2 4S1 4S1
CORE-4
4S2 4S1
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 RAICA IB4 / C451 LBB / BFR IN4 / C471 50Z
VR11 / E111

ACTIVE START TRIP
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172 E174
3 3
VOLTAGE
DISPLAY C
SELECTION BUS-1 PT / BUS-2 PT CORE-1

VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
MISCELLENEOUS RELAYS & PROTECTIONS ADOPTED FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
(OVER FLUX & REF FUNCTIONS) PREPARED BY
OVER EXCITATION/FLUX RELAY

{FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER HV & LV}
VOLTAGE SELECTION BUS-1 PT / BUS-2 PT CORE-1
VA : 200
RATUB V/F RELAY HV
CLASS: 3P

VA : 200
RATUB V/F RELAY LV
CLASS: 3P
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY P2 P2 P2

400KV HV CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 NEUTRAL CORE-1

CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS P2 P2 P2 P1 P1 P1 220KV LV CORE-1

CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
P2 P2 P2
BUSHING CT
RADHD
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY C E
FOR RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION AT/F BUSHING CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL & TO RELAY. (SINGLE PHASE HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED)
315MVA, 400KV/220KV AT/F VOLAGE SELECTION

BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB BUS-2
LINE1
AT/F-1
FEEDER HAVING LINE CVTs &BUSES ARE HAVING BUS CVTs BUT AT/Fs ARE NOT HAVING CVTs. FOR TRANSFORMER PANEL, PT SUPPLY IS SELECTED AS PER SELECTION DESCRIBED BELOW FOR METERING AND PROTECTION, WHICH IS FIRST SELECTED .
BUS-1 CVT BUS-2 CVT LINE CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-1 and 1-52CB & 2-52CB is closed. Then Bus-1 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer. If AT/F is feeding from Bus-2 and 3-52 CB is closed & 2-52CB is open. Then Bus-2 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer. If AT/F is feeding from Direct Line and 2-52CB is closed & 1-52 CB & 3-52 CB is open and 389T ISO is Closed . Then line CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 PROTECTION FOR SHUNT REACTOR ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
BASICS OF SHUNT REACTOR

1. TYPES OF REACTORS : A. BASED ON REACTOR CONNECTION i. SHUNT REACTOR. ii. SERIES REACTOR. B. BASED ON REACTOR LOCATION i. BUS REACTOR ii. LINE REACTOR C. BASED ON CONTROL i. 3-PH OIL IMMERSED REACTOR WITH GAPPED IRON CORE. ii. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR (STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR) (APTRANSCO UTILISING SHUNT REACTORS FOR BUS & LINE IN 400KV NETWORK) NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR: A. LINE REACTOR SHUNT REACTORS ARE USED IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR THE CAPACITIVE SHUNT REACTANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES. THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE LINE. THE LOCATION OF REACTOR IS OUT GOING SIDE OF LINE i.e AFTER CIRCUIT BREAKER. LENGTH OF LINE IS MORE THERE MAY BE VOLTAGE IS RAISING DUE TO FARANTI EFFECT(CAPACITANCE ) DURING CHARGING. IN CASE OF ZONE-2 (OPEN JUMPER) FAULT, THE FAULT CLEARED BY REMOTE END IS FAST, BUT THIS END IT WILL TAKE TIME DELAY DUE TO ZONE-2. DURING THIS TIME, VOLTAGE MAY RAISING. SO, LINE REACTOR IS USED FOR CONTROLLING THE SWITCHING OVER VOLTAGES AND SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT. NORMALLY IT IS ALWAYS IN SERVICE. NORMALLY BOTH ENDS LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED. THE ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK IS PROVIDED THAT IF REACTOR ISOLATOR CLOSSED POSITION ONLY WILL GIVE PERMIT TO CLOSE THE LINE ISOLATOR. SIMILARLY FOR OPENING REACTOR ISOLATOR THE LINE ISOLATOR SHOULD BE IN OPEN POSITION.
2.
3.
4.
B. BUS REACTOR THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE BUS i.e LIKE A FEEDER/LINE. DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITIONS THERE MAY BE POSSIBULITY OF RAISING BUS VOLTAGES. FOR SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT BUS REACTORS ARE UTILISING. NORMALLY IT IS NOT IN SERVICE. WHENEVER THE VOLTAGE RAISES TO 4%TO 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT IN SERVICE AND 2% TO 3% LESS THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT OUT OF SERVICE. SELECTION OF REACTOR A. LINE REACTOR NORMALLY LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE LINE IS MORE OR EQUAL TO 250KM. IN APTRANSCO NETWORK MAXIMUM LENTH OF LINE IS 350KM. AS PER SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS IF LINE LENGTH IS 250KM TO 300KM 50MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE USED. IF MORE THAN 300KM 63MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE USED. B. BUS REACTOR NORMALLY BUS REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE SUBSTATION BUS VOLTAGE IS RAISING 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITION. BASED ON THE SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS BUS REACTORS ARE TO BE PROVIDED. CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR PROVIDING BUS REACTOR. IN THIS THERE IS NO STANDARDISATION. LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO A. LINE REACTOR 1. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 1 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR 2. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 2 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR B. BUS REACTOR 1. 400KV KALAPAKA SS 2 X 50 MVAR 2. 400KV NUNNA SS(PGCIL BAYS) 1 x 63 MVAR
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION THE PURPOSE OF THE PROTECTION RELAYING IS TO DISCONNECT THE REACTOR AND LIMIT DAMAGE IN CASE OF INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, EARTH FAULTS, INTERTURN FAULTS AND OVER VOLTAGE OR OVER LOAD.THE REACTOR FORMS CERTAIN IMPEDENCE FOR RATED FREQUENCY, AND AS IT IS SHUNT CONNECTED, AS OVER LOAD MAY BE CAUSED BY OVER VOLTAGE OR HARMONICS IN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR A. OIL IMMERSED REACTOR USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE. DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS. B. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD PROTECTION. C. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE REACTOR FROM HIGH PRESURES. REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR REACTOR. IT CAN BE OF HIGH IMPEDENCE TYPE OR OF A SENSITIVE CURRENT STABILISED TYPE. HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS REQUIRE AN EQUAL CT TURNS RATIO ON THE PHASE AND NEUTRAL SIDE. SENSITIVITY IS 5% OF NOMINAL REACTOR CT CURRENT. BACK-UP PROTECTION A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE. A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY COMBINATION OF THESE) B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21R). C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>). RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION IF, FOR SOME REASON, A SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NOT CHOOSEN A RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION CAN BE UTILISED.
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(4CTS METHOD)
BUS-1
IL INTER LOCK FACILITY: WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND 1-89L OPENS ONLY PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
BUS-2 3-89
1-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 1-89R
3-52CB
3P1
P2
P2
3-CT 3 P1 3-89A
LINE SHUNT REACTOR NEUTRAL REACTOR
P1 3
P2
1-RCT
.
IL
2-ACT
2-BCT
P1
P2
2-89A
P1
P2
2-52CB
2-89B 3-89R
U U U
1-89L
U U U
LINE 1
U U U U
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(5CTS METHOD)
BUS-1
IL INTER LOCK FACILITY: WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND 1-89L OPENS ONLY PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
BUS-2 3-89
1-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A
3-52CB
3P1
P2
P2 P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
1-89R 1-RCT P1 3
P2 IL
.
2-89A 2-52CB 1-89L
2-CT
P1
P2
LINE SHUNT REACTOR NEUTRAL REACTOR
2-89B
P2
U U U
3-89R
P1
U U U
1-LCT
LINE 1
U U U U
3P1
P2
3 3-RCT
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
MAIN-1 PROTECTION, MAIN-2 PROTECTION, METERING, BUSBAR & BUSBAR CHECKUP PROTECTION
3,4,6S - CT METHOD LINE PROTECTION

IN THIS REACTOR CT CURRENT IS OPPOSES THE MAIN&TIE CT CURRENT. VECTOR SUM OF CTs i.e. MAIN, TIE & REACTOR IS LINE CURRENT.
5,6T1,6T2 - CT METHOD
AS USUAL IN 5CT METHOD, 6CT(T1) METHOD, 6CT(T2) METHOD
3CT METHOD, 4CT METHOD, 6CT(S) METHOD
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

MAIN PROTECTION ( 87 R ) (DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION)
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. HV BUSHING CT CORE-3 & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & NEUTRAL REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT CORE1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF). NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO REACTOR METERING HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. 1-RCT CORE-5 & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & NEUTRAL REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF). NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO REACTOR METERING
BACK UP PROTECTION(21R) ( SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION ) RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (64 R )
METERING
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
MAIN PROTECTION (87 R) (DIFFERENTIALPROTECTION)
4 CT METHOD
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. 3-CT CORE-5 & 2-ACT CORE-5 SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
5 CT METHOD
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. 3-RCT CORE-5 & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
BACK UP PROTECTION (21R ) ( SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
RISTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION ( 64 R )
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
SPECIAL PROTECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR BUS SHUNT REACTOR CVT SELECTION
STUB PROTECTION ___ LINE SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS POSITION BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE CVT WILL BE SELECTED. TEED-1: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT TEED-2: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT TEED-1: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT TEED-2: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT BUS SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS POSITION BUS-1/ BUS-2 CVT WILL BE SELECTED.
REACTOR BUSHING CT CONNECTIONS

CORES LINE SHUNT REACTOR
4 CT METHOD
CORE-1 CORE-2 CORE-3*
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
BUS SHUNT REACTOR

4 CT METHOD
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
5 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
HV (400KV SIDE) BUSHING CTs
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
NEUTRAL (STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1 CORE-2 CORE-3
METERING METERING METERING
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
METERING
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
SPARE
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
SPARE
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
NEUTRAL REACTOR (MAIN REACTOR STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1.1 SPARE SPARE
NEUTRAL REACTOR (EARTH POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1.2
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
*NOTE: NORMALLY CORECORE-3 IS USED FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. HERE IN 3 CASES WE ARE NOT UTILISED THE CORECORE-3 FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. IN THESE 3 CASES OUTDOOR CTs ARE AVAILABLE. CORECORE-5 OF THESE CTs ARE UTILISING FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. SO, FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION EITHER CORECORE-3 OF HV BUSHING CT OR CORECORE-5 OF EXTERNAL CT MAY BE UTILISED.

P1
200/ 1A HV BUSHING (400KV SIDE) CTs
P2
LINESHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A NEUTRAL BUSHING (STAR PONT SIDE) CTs
P1
200/ 1A
P2
NEUTRAL REACTOR 200/ 1A
P2
. CORE 1.2 .
P1
. . CORE 1.1 .
P2 P1
3 3 3
CORES 3 2 1
3 3 3
. .
(4CTs METHOD)
1-RCT
CORES 3 2 1
CORES 4 3 2
CORECORE-1: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-2: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-3: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-4: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-5: 20002000-10001000-500/1
. .
1-89R
3 3 3 3 3
METERING
1-CT 2B2B-CT LINE 1-CT 2B2B-CT LINE 2B2B-CT
LINE
U U U
. . . .
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
1-CT
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION REACTOR METERING

SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2/ LINE CVT VOLTAGE
U U U

P1
200/ 1A HV BUSHING (400KV SIDE) CTs
P2
LINESHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A NEUTRAL BUSHING (STAR PONT SIDE) CTs
P1
200/ 1A
P2
NEUTRAL REACTOR 200/ 1A
P2
. CORE 1.2 .
P1
. . CORE 1.1 .
P2 P1
3 3 3
CORES 3 2 1
3 3 3
. .
(5CTs METHOD)
1-RCT
CORES 3 2 1
.
P1
CORES 4 3 2
CORECORE-1: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-2: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-3: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-4: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-5: 20002000-10001000-500/1
P2 1-LCT CORECORE-1
1-89R
3 3 3 3 3
. .
U U U
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-1

1-CT CORECORE-5 2-CT CORECORE-5 1-CT CORECORE-4
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-2 REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
2-CT CORECORE-4 1-LCT CORECORE-2
SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2/ LINE CVT VOLTAGE
U U U
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR METERING
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

3-89
3-52CB
SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2 CVT VOLTAGE P2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

(4CTs METHOD)
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION

REACTOR METERING
2-52CB
.
2-89B
3 3 3
5 4 3 CORES 3-89A 3-89R
P2
4 3 2 CORES 2A-CT
P1
.
P2
.
P1
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs 200/ 1A (STAR PONT SIDE)
3 2 1 CORES
P1
P2 3
BUS SHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A
. UU U
2 1 CORES
HV BUSHING CTs (400KV SIDE)
3 3
3-CT
P1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2 CVT VOLTAGE
(5CTs METHOD)
TEED-2 PROT (BAY 1&2) TEED-1 PROT (BAY 1&2)
3-89
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROT (BAY 2&3) TEED-1 PROT (BAY 2&3)
3-52CB
P2
.
2-52CB P1 5 2-CT 4 3 2 CORES 1
P2
3 3 3
2-89B
3-CT
REACTOR METERING
3-89A 3-89R
P1
. .
P2
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs 200/ 1A (STAR PONT SIDE)
3 2 1 CORES
P1
P2 3
BUS SHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A
. UU U
2 1 CORES
P1
3 3 3 3 3
P2
3R-CT
P1
HV BUSHING CTs (400KV SIDE)
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION BUS-2
3 3
CORES 3 4 5
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 CORES 2 3 4
3 3 3
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR

LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION TRIPPINGS WILL BE USED AS DIRECT TRIPPINGS OF LINE IN ADDITION TO OTHER TRIPPINGS. BUS SHUNT REACTOR NEED NOT REQUIRE CARRIER INTER TRIPPING FACILITY.
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RADHA 21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY RAKZB
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
LINE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1
RADHD REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS GROUP-1/A TRIPPINGS

DC VE FROM PANEL
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RADHA 21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY RAKZB
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
LINE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2
RADHD REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS GROUP-2/B TRIPPINGS

DC VE FROM PANEL
ADDITIONAL AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
(EVENT LOGGER & DISTURBANCE RECORDER) PREPARED BY
400KV SUBSTATION: MAMIDIPALLY

19 MAR 2004 13:00:00 A 13:09:37.090 # 195 A 13:09:37.096 # 188 A 13:09:37.097 # 187 A 13:09:37.100 # 181 A 13:09:37.104 # 162 A 13:09:37.110 # 196 A 13:09:37.110 # 170 A 13:09:37.111 # 161 A 13:09:37.111 # 163 A 13:09:37.111 # 169 A 13:09:37.112 # 168 A 13:09:37.113 # 182 A 13:09:37.126 # 199 A 13:09:37.140 # 185 N 13:09:37.147 # 195 N 13:09:37.148 # 196 N 13:09:37.175 # 187 N 13:09:37.176 # 181 N 13:09:37.176 # 188 N 13:09:37.185 # 182 N 13:09:37.257 # 199 N 13:09:37.279 # 185 19 MAR 2004 14:00:00 N 14:09:48.702 # 163 N 14:09:48.704 # 161 N 14:09:48.720 # 162 N 14:10:00.903 # 169 N 14:10:00.907 # 168 N 14:10:00.907 # 170 19 MAR 2004 15:00:00
EVENT LOGGER EVENTS INFORMATION
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTY 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTR 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START R RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START Y RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH CLOSE
DISTURBANCE RECORDER
R PH VOLTAGE Y PH VOLTAGE B PH VOLTAGE OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE R PH CURRENT Y PH CURRENT B PH CURRENT STAR/NEUTRAL CURRENT
MAIN CB R PH OPEN MAIN CB Y PH OPEN MAIN CB B PH OPEN TIE CB R PH OPEN TIE CB Y PH OPEN TIE CB B PH OPEN MAIN/TIE CB LBB OPTD DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 OPTD BUSBAR PROT OPTD MAIN-1 PROT OPTD MAIN-2 PROT OPTD OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1/2 OPTD STUB PROT-1/2 OPTD MAIN-1 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE MAIN-2 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE DF/DT OPTD EVENT NO NAME OF FEEDER DATE & TIME
ISOLATOR INTERLOCKS
S.NO BAY - 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 BAY - 2 7 8 9 10 BAY - 3 11 12 13 14 15 16
ISOLATOR OPEN/CLOSE
EQUIPMENT-1
EQUIPMENT-2
EQUIPMENT-3
EQUIPMENT-4
INTERLOCKS REQUIRED FOR CONCERNED ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH OPEN OR CLOSE BB189 E 189 A 189 AE 189 A 189 LE 189 L 289 BE 289 B 289 BE 289 B BB289 E 389 A 389 AE 389 A LV89 E2 389 T O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 189 AE 189 189 E 189 152 CB UV RELAY 289 AE 289 A 289 AE 289 A 389 AE 389 389 E 389 389 TE LV89 T O O O O O A O O O O O O O O O O 189 E -152 CB -252 CB -252 CB -252 CB -389 E -352 CB -252 CB -O O O O O O O O 152 CB ---------352 CB ---352 CB -O O O -
1 - 89 1 89 E 1 89 A 1 89 AE 1 89 L 1 89 LE 2 89 A 2 89 AE 2 89 B 2 89 BE 3 89 3 89 E 3 89 A 3 89 AE 3 89 T 3 89 TE
ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES
NOTE: All Earth Switches in the Bay are towards Circuit Breaker side only. The Line and Transformer Earth Switches are towards Line & Transformer. O: OPEN C: CLOSE A: ACTED
BB189E : BUSBAR-1 EARTH SWITCH . BB289E : BUSBAR-2EARTH SWITCH . UV RELAY: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY.
LIST OF PANELS ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

LIST OF PANELS
1. CONTROL PANEL FOR LINE & AT/F (ICT) CP 2. 400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL RLA 3. 400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL RLB 4. 400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL RTB 5. 400KV AT/F(ICT) CB RELAY PANEL RTRA 6. 315MVA AT/F(ICT) PROTECTION PANEL FOR HV (400KV SIDE) RTRB 7. 315MVA AT/F(ICT) PROTECTION PANEL FOR LV RTRC 8. 220KV AT/F(ICT) CB RELAY PANEL RTRD 9. CONTROL PANEL FOR AT/F LV - KT
CONTROL PANEL CP/KT

1. IT IS HAVING PANEL METERS i.e AMMETER, VOLTMETER, MW METER, MVAR METER.(NOW MULTIFUNCTION PANEL METERS ARE AVAILABLE). 2. ANNOUNCIATION FACIA FOR PROBLEMS, ALARMS ENCOUNTERED.(NOW MICROPROCESSOR BASED ANNOUNCIATION FACIA IS AVAILABLE). 3. INDICATING LAMPS FOR RELAYS HEATHINESS & INTERLOCKS. 4. TNC SWITCHES FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/ ISOLATOR FOR MANUAL TRIP/CLOSE OPERATION. 5. PANEL INDICATING LAMPS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/ ISOLATOR POSITION i.e CLOSE/OPEN. 6. SYMAPHORES FOR EARTH SWITCHES POSITION i.e CLOSE/OPEN. 7. SYNCHOROSCOPE SOCKETS ONE No FOR EACH CIRCUIT BREAKER UTILISED AT THE TIME OF CLOSING. 8. ENERGY METERS.
400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL-RLA

1. ANNOUNCIATION RELAYS. 2. AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY (79 A/R + 25). 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 4. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 5. DC SOURCE-1 (GR-A) HEALTHINESS. 6. DC SOURCE-2 (GR-B) HEALTHINESS. 7. TRIP CIRCUIT-1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR MAIN CB (152CB) FOR 3 PHASES. 8. TRIP CIRCUIT-2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR MAIN CB (152CB) FOR 3 PHASES. 9. DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL 1/ 2 RECEIVED RELAYS & FLAG RELAYS. 10. LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY ( 50 LBB) FOR MAIN CB(152CB). 11. UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY FOR LINE EARTH SWITCH INTERLOCK. 12. FLAG RELAYS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TROUBLES.
400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL-RLB

1. 2.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16.
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE IN MAIN-1/ MAIN-2(REL521/ REL 316)
MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L1, WITH NECESSARY AUX RELAYS & DC GR-A HEALTHINESS).(TEED(TEED-1 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD ) MAIN-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L2, WITH NECESSARY AUX RELAYS & DC GR-B HEALTHINESS).(TEED(TEED-2 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD)
4 TO 6 SETTING IMPEDENCE ZONES WITH 4 TO 6 SETTING GROUPS (21 + 21N). DIR / INST / TIME OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT FUNCTION( 50 + 51 + 67 + 50N + 51N + 67N). EIGHT COMMUNICATION SCHEMES. SWITCH ON TO FAULT PROTECTION(21 SOTF). PHASE SELECTION(R,Y,B). POWER SWING BLOCKING(PSB)(68 + 68T). FUSE FAILURE SUPERVISION(PT FFR). AUTO RECLOSER RELAY WITH SYNCHROCHECK AND VOLTAGE CHECK(79 A/R + 25 +86). WEEK END INFEED LOGIC(27 WI). SYSTEM SUPERVISION. STUB PROTECTION(STUB). OVER VOLTAGE/ UNDER VOLTAGE FUNCTION(27+ 59). LBB/BFR FUNCTION(50 BF). DISTANCE TO FAULT LOCATOR(21 FL).(SHOWS IN 1. %, 2. KM & 3. R+JX ) 16 PROGRAMABLE SIGNALLING RELAYS WITH LEDs.
RECORDABLE 10Nos LATEST DISTRUBANCES WITH BASIC EVALUATION DISTURBANCE RECORDER.
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
EVENT RECORDER RELATED TO RELAY EVENTS. PRE-FAULT, FAULT & POST-FAULT VALUES OF ANALOG POINTS WITH IMPEDENCE DETAILS. USER CAN BE CONFIGUARED PROGRAMABLE LOGIC FUNCTIONS. TELE / CARRIER INTER TRIPPING SCHEMES(85 +21)(PUTT, POTT). TRIP CIRCUIT MONITORING(74 TC). METERING FUNCTION (INSTANTANEOUS VALUES DISPLAY FUNCTION). 4 QUADRANT ENERGY METER FUNCTION (KWH,KVAH,KVARH)(KYZ PULSE OUTPUT).
400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL-RTB

1. ANNOUNCIATION RELAYS. 2. AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY (79 A/R + 25). 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 4. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 5. DC SOURCE-1 (GR-A) HEALTHINESS. 6. DC SOURCE-2 (GR-B) HEALTHINESS. 7. TRIP CIRCUIT-1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB) FOR 3 PHASES. 8. TRIP CIRCUIT-2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB) FOR 3 PHASES. 9. LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY ( 50 LBB) FOR TIE CB(252CB). 10. FLAG RELAYS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TROUBLES.
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV CB RELAY PANEL (400KV SIDE) - RTRA

1. ANNOUNCIATION RELAYS. 2. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 5. DC SOURCE-1 (GR-A) HEALTHINESS. 6. DC SOURCE-2 (GR-B) HEALTHINESS. 7. TRIP CIRCUIT-1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR MAIN CB (352CB) FOR 3 PHASES. 8. TRIP CIRCUIT-2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR MAIN CB (352CB) FOR 3 PHASES. 9. LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY ( 50 LBB) FOR MAIN CB(352CB). 10. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING. 11. FLAG RELAYS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TROUBLES.
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV PROTECTION PANEL (400KV SIDE) - RTRB

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. MAIN-1 PROTECTION/ DIFFERENTIAL RELAY (87T). HV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T HV). OVER LOAD RELAY/ HIGH CURRENT RELAY (51 O/L). VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION. FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS & PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS. 6. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS. 7. DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR HV (MAIN-2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N). 8. FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV PROTECTION PANEL (220KV SIDE) - RTRC

1. LV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T LV). 2. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY, SINGLE PHASE HIGH IMPEDENECE RELAY (64T). 3. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION. 4. FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS & PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS. 5. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS. 6. DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR LV (MAIN-2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N). 7. FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV CB RELAY PANEL (220KV SIDE) - RTRD

1. ANNOUNCIATION RELAYS. 2. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 4. DC SOURCE-1 (GR-A) HEALTHINESS. 5. DC SOURCE-2 (GR-B) HEALTHINESS. 6. TRIP CIRCUIT-1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB FOR 3 PHASES. 7. TRIP CIRCUIT-2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB FOR 3 PHASES. 8. LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY ( 50 LBB) FOR LV CB. 9. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT RELAY. 10. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING. 11. FLAG RELAYS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TROUBLES.
OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING RELAYS AND TESTING EQUIPMENT

ABB RELAYS
REL 521
REL 316*4
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
E E
C E
ABB Relays
REL 512
c
E
ALSTOM RELAYS
P443
P444
P442
E-PAC
P437
GE MULTILIN RELAYS
SIEMENS RELAYS
SEL RELAYS
ENABLED
IA =250.10 A IB =250.10 A IC =250.10 A VAB =400.0 KV VBC =400.0 KV VCA =400.0 KV

ESC ENT
TRIP
TARGET RESET
SPT ENABLED COMM ENABLED ALT SETTINGS
MC ENABLED RECLOSE ENABLED CB CLOSED
SEL- 421
INST TIME COMM SOTF ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 ZONE 4
PH - A PH - B PH - C GND
50 51 79 RESET 79 LOCKOUT
RELAY TEST
CB OPEN
SEL
INST TIME COMM SOTF TRIP EN A B C
2ENABLED 3
TRIP
TARGET RESET
SEL- 321- 5 - 2
ZONE G Q 51 50 O/C
FAULT TYPE
TARGET TARGET FAULT SET RESET NO / YES / CANCEL SELECT
METER STATUS OTHER GROUP EXIT
SEL
VA TECH REYROLLE RELAYS
NXT PHASE RELAYS
DISTANCE RELAYS
CHARACTERESTICS
1. MHO CIRCULAR CHARACTERSTICS. 2. QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERSTICS. 3. LENS/OPTICAL CHARACTERSTICS. 4. TOMATO CHARACTRESTICS. 5. ABB REL521/316 CHARACTERESTICS.
5 3 4
RELAY MODELS OF LINE (DISTANCE) & TRANSFORMER( M & B ) OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS

MANUFACTURERS ABB ALSTOM SIEMENS ( SIPROTEC ) SEL GE MULTILIN EASUN REYROLL NXT PHASE REYROLL TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION MAIN-1 REL 521
MICOM P443/P444/P442
T/F PROTECTION DIFFERENTIAL RET 521 RET 316 MICOM P633 KBCH/ MBCH 7UT 612/ 3 7UT 512/ 3 SEL 387 DTP 32DH SR 7465 --T-PRO DUOBIAS M DIR O/L,E/F REL 505 RAPDK MICOM P141 MICOM P127
7SJ 62/3/4/5 7SJ 52/3/4/5
CURVES
QUAD
MAIN-2 REL 316 REL 512

MICOM P437 E-PAC 3000, OPTIMHO
CURVES
QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO MHO
QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO
SIPROTEC 7SA63 SEL 421 ALPS-L/D THR 4 PE 24 L-PRO OHMEGA 402
SIPROTEC 7SA522 SEL 321 SEL 311C LPS-L/D DLP-L/D, D-6O THR 4 PE 16 THR 3 PE 18 L-PRO OHMEGA 311/308
SEL 351 DMS SR 750/60 --F-PRO ARGUS
LENS/ TOMAT0 QUAD/ MHO
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. PROGRAMA_GE (MODEL: FREEJA-300) 3. OMICRON (MODEL: CMC 256-6) 2. MANTA TEST SYSTEMS (MODEL: MTS 4000) 4. DOBLE ( MODEL: F 6150)
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. MEEGER_AVO (MODEL: MPRT 8430) 3. KOCOS (MODEL: ARTES 440 II) 2. RES (MODEL: APTS 3) 4. EURO SMC ( MODEL: TRES)
400KV SUBSTATIONS IN APTRANSCO

S.No
1. 2. 3. 4.
400KV SUBSTATION
MAMIDIPALLY (HYDERABAD) NURNOOR (KURNOOL) KALAPAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM) VEMAGIRI (RAJHAMUNDRY)
CAPACITY
2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA
FEEDERS
1. SRISAILAM 1&2 2. KHAMMAM 1&2 3. GHANAPUR (PGCIL) 1. SRISAILAM 2. GHANAPUR (PGCIL) 3. GOOTY (PGCIL) 1. SIMHADRI 1,2,3&4 (NTPC) 2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL) 3. KHAMMAM 1&2 (PGCIL) 4. VEMAGIRI 1&2 1. KALAPAKA 1&2 2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL) 3. NUNNA 1,2,3&4 (PGCIL) 4. GVK STAGESTAGE-2 1&2 (IPP) 5. GOWTHAMI 1&2 (IPP) 6. KONASEEMA 1&2 (IPP) 7. GMR VASAVI 1&2 (IPP) 1. TALLAPALLY 2. RAICHUR 1. CHENNAI RED HILLS 2. KADAPA
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
KOTTHAKOTA* (MB NAGAR) CHITTOR* NELLORE* DICHPALLY** (NIZAMABAD) NARASARAOPET** (GUNTUR) GAJWEL** (MEDAK) MALKARAM** (SEC BAD)
1 X 315 MVA 1 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 1 X 315 MVA
1. RAMAGUNDAM
*THESE SUBSTATIONS WORKS UNDER PROGRESS * *THESE SUBSTATIONS ARE PROPOSED
400KV SUBSTATIONS OF PGCIL IN AP

S.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
400KV SUBSTATION
GHANAPUR (HYDERABAD) GAJUWAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM) NUNNA ( VIJAYAWADA) TALLAPALLY (NAGARJUNA SAGAR) BUDIDAMPADU (KHAMMAM) GOOTY CHINAKAMPALLY (KADAPA) NELLORE PARAKAL* (WARANGAL)
CAPACITY
3 X 315 MVA 1 X 315 MVA 1 X 315 MVA 3 X 315 MVA 1 X 315 MVA 1 X 315 MVA 1 X 315 MVA ----
FEEDERS
1. RAMAGUNDAM 1,2,3&4 2. NAGARJUNA SAGAR 3. MAMIDIPALLY 4. KURNOOL 1. NUNNA 2. KALAPAKA 1&2 3. VEMAGIRI 1& 2 1. GAJUWAKA 2. VEMAGIRI 1,2,3&4 3. KHAMMAM 4. SRISAILAM 1&2 5. NELLORE 1&2 1. RAMAGUNDAM 1&2 2. GHANAPUR 3. RAICHUR TPS(MBNGR) 4. GOOTY 5. CHINAKAMPALLY 1&2 1. RAMAGUNDAM 2. NUNNA 3. KALAPAKA 1&2 4. MAMIDIPALLY 1&2 1. NAGARJUNASAGAR 2. SOMANAHELLY 3. KURNOOL 4. NEELAMANGALA 1. NAGARJUNA SAGAR 1&2 2. SOMANAHALLY 3. MADRAS (CHITTOR) 4. KOLAR 1. NUNNA 1&2 2. MADRAS 1&2
THESE SUBSTATIONS ARE PROPOSED
400KV NETWORK IN AP
GAJUWAKA SIMHADRI RAMAGUNDAM KALAPAKA DICHPALLY TALLAPALLY GAJWEL WARANGAL IPP3 VEMAGIRI IPP4
MALKARAM
IPP1
IPP2
NUNNA
YEDDUMAILARAM
MBNGR
GHANAPUR
CHINAKAMPALLY
KURNOOL
KHAMMAM NR PET
GOOTY
BANGALORE
CHITTOR
NELLORE SRISAILAM CHENNAI BANGALORE MAMIDIPALLY
RAICHUR
CHENNAI
KOLAR
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400KV PROTECTION

PREPARED BY GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)

BASICS OF ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM FULL DIA (FOR 2 FEEDERS)

HALF DIA % INCREASE (FOR 1 FEEDER) IN COST

4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 6 CT METHOD

CONTROL & RELAY PANELS BAY MARSHALLING BOXES CONTROL CABLES

CT METHODS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

CB LINE CB LINE CB LINE LINE CB LINE LINE CB CB

CB AT/F CB AT/F CB CB CB CB AT/F AT/F AT/F AT/F

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT

2-89A 2-52CB 1-89L

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-ACT 2-BCT

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT

2-89A 1-89L 1L-CT

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS

TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS

1-1/2 CB SYSTEM (SIEMENS VATECH)

CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER

BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) SPARE

BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)

CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 5CT METHOD

METERING & ENERGY METER MAIN-2 PROTECTION

METERING & ENERGY METER BACKUP PROTECTION

CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 6CT METHOD

CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 6CT METHOD

TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2)

TEED PROT-2 (BAY 2&3) TEED PROT-1 (BAY 2&3)

TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2)

TEED PROT-2 (BAY 2&3)

TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2)

TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2)

TEED PROT-1 (BAY 2&3)

CT CORE CONEECTION DIAGRAMS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

BUS BAR PROTECTION

BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT METERING

1-CT 5 1-89L 1-CVT

SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 3 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 4 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 BF

ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 6 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1

79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 BF

ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 5 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1

79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25

CVT VL2 MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE) MAIN-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 6 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME