Republic of the Philippines ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE R.T. Lim Blvd.

, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City

Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College ee-Library: An Impact Study

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the extent of utilization and the problems met in the use of the ZCSPC
e-Library. A total of 363 randomly selected students from the various departments of the College, 68 randomly selected faculty members, the College President and the Vice President for Administration and Finance (Concurrently Vice President for Technological and Academic Affairs as well as the College Librarian (designated) were also purposely selected were considered as the sample respondents of the study. Survey questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion (FGD) were used to collect the data needed in providing answers to the research problems. The findings of the study revealed that more than one-half of the students utilized the e-Library; while only a little above one-third of the faculty members utilized it. The respondents mainly used the ZCSPC e-Library for writing their research reports, for their subject assignments, and for their book reports and article reviews. A great majority of the faculty respondents did not use the ZCSPC e-Library because there was no proper and wide information dissemination about it, because of their preference to use their internets at home, and had no time to go to the library because of their unit overloads (Class schedules and teaching assignments). The respondents also met the problems on the lack of computer units, lack of e-Media, and access restriction to certain e-Media. They also found the lack of space, tables, chairs and furniture, as well as slow internet speed as problems in the ZCSPC e-Library. It was recommended that proper information dissemination of the e-Library must be conducted. The ZCSPC e-Library must be expanded and must be equipped with quality application softwares and equipment to make it meet the standard requirement of the world class e-Libraries.

Introduction
n academic library is an important local source of teaching and learning activities of teachers and students in college or university where it serves its clients with relevant resources for their research needs. Nowadays, the library resources and services have been greatly enhanced with the emergence of the digital age of information and communication technology.

The common library problems of having enough library holdings, space, and more efficient service toward its clients were now addressed through the electronic resources. The library can now significantly increase its library holdings without the worry of an ample amount of space for book shelves by just

acquiring many of its holdings in the forms of e-books, e-journals, audio books, educational videos & e-photos, CD-ROMs, e-thesis, edissertation, and the like which can be accessed through the librarys internet service and local database in the computer units. Commenting on the advantages of electronic resources, Dadzie (2007) writes that electronic resources are invaluable research tools that complement the print-based resource in a traditional library setting. Egberombe (2011) In Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College (ZCSPC), the quality of the academic library holdings and services is regularly evaluated by its institutional internal quality assurance team and by an external quality assurance team by government agencies like the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP), Inc. Digital technology paved the way for new information sources and formats. It has also changed the way by which information is used, delivered and processed. Aside from issues in organization, storage and retrieval, a greater issue that confronts academic library today is on how to remain relevant in the digital era, mindful of low budgets and resentment on the part of institutional administrators. (Haunobi & Okeye, 2008, p. 1 cited by Obille, 2008, p. 114) To be at par with the digital age on the aspect stated by Haunobi & Okeye (2008, p. 1) as cited by Obille (2008, p.114), the quality assurance teams, particularly the AACCUP accreditors, made a number of recommendations during their Level 1 and Level 2 accreditation visits, for the improvement of the ZCSPC library. These recommendations, under Area 7 of the AACCUP tool, are as follows:

Level 1 Accreditation o Based on CHED library requirements, the College has to provide the library with two to three (2-3) titles of professional journals. Acquisition of audio-visual materials. Provision of at least three (3) units of computer with internet connection to allow the users free access to online publications and full-text articles in journals. The library should engage in networking activities and link with bigger colleges and universities in the region for resource sharing and for collection development.

o o

Level 2 Accreditation o The library needs to accommodate the growing population, facilities and services that are needed. Computerization of library references is also needed to start with the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).

Mindful of the Colleges budget shortage, the ZCSPC administration resorted to submitting a proposal to CHED for financial assistance for accreditation, particularly for the enhancement of the library. The latter approved the proposal through its Institutional Development Assistance for Accreditation program or CHED-IDAA amounting to P200,000.00 in 2010. This approach of seeking for alternative source of fund to augment the budget deficiency of the College is a common practice among government schools as supported in the study of Ubogu and Okiy (2011) where it revealed that the main source of funding in the libraries is government subvention. In addition to funding received from the government, the libraries can derive funds from alternative sources such as gifts and donations. The ZCSPC Administration decided to utilize the fund in the installation of the ZCSPC e-Library, with internet connection (WiFi Zone), 5 computer units and 100 titles of e-journals worth P130,000.00 of annual subscription, to address the AACCUP recommendations. 2

Arms (2005) defines e-Library as managed collection of information, with association, services, where the information is stored in digital formats and accessible over a network. Statement of the Problem. The main objective of the study was to determine the extent of utilization of the ZCSPC e-Library and the problems commonly encountered by the students and faculty members in the use of said facilities. Specifically, it aimed to provide answers to the following problems: 1. What are the types of e-media available in the ZCSPC e-Library? 2. To what extent has the e-Library been utilized by the students and the faculty members of the Zamboanga City state Polytechnic College, Zamboanga City? 3. What are the problems commonly encountered in the use of the ZCSPC eLibrary? 4. What are the future plans for the upgrading and development of the ZCSPC e-Library? Related Studies. There have been a number of studies conducted that discuss the impact of e-resources used in the colleges and universities worldwide. Mostofa (2013) examined the existence of various e-resources which are available in some selected Private University Library at Dhaka, in Bangladesh. The study also highlights different types of electronic resources used by students, the purposes and frequency of using electronic resources and the problems faced by the students while accessing and using the electronic resources in the library. The finding reveals that majority of the students prefer to use e-thesis. It further reveals that accessing electronic resources is not free from problems. The problems encountered while using the e-resources mainly came from four factors: 1. breakdown of the system, 2. high cost of surfing time, 3. problems of power outage when using computer, and 4. slow server. 3

Majority of the respondents stated the problem of slow server to access e-resources which takes a lot of their slot time to retrieve the relevant information. This is also true in the study of Velmuruga (2012), which he found out that the common problem faced by the users is the slow internet speed which takes a lot of their slot time to retrieve the relevant information. The study of Habiba and Chowdbury (2012) analyzed the status of electronic resources facilities and services provided by the Dhaka University Library (DUL). The study found that 76% are student users and half of the respondents used e-resources for learning purposes and majority preferred to use electronic journals. On the other hand, Egberongbe (2011) found that unfamiliarity with electronic information was the major reason that would discourage users from accessing electronic resources in the University of Lagos Library. A large number of users were using electronic resources for research and study and for keeping abreast with new developments in their areas of interest. Sharma (2009) conducted a study to highlight the preferences and importance of online resources among the teachers and research scholars. The study revealed that most of the respondents access e-journals because the respondents feel that e-resources are timesaving. The study of Issa and Daura (2009) revealed that the University of Llorin Library has provisions for students to use e-Library resources. There is a computer section with internet connectivity for accessing the resources. Most students are aware of the e-Library but do not use them because they lack the skills. They have not been formally taught the use of eLibrary resources. The study of Kaur and Verma (2009) found that the usage of e-journals is increasing; this is due to awareness among the users about the library e-resources and services.

Methodology. The qualitative analytical Methodology. survey research was used as the research design for this study. Its respondents where the students of the different departments of the College, namely: a.) Graduate School; b.) Teacher Education Department; c.) Department of Technology Education; d.) Department of Maritime Education; e.) Department of Arts and Sciences; and f.) Institute of Technical Education. A sampling size of three-hundred and sixty-three (363) were randomly selected from a total of student population of fourthousand four-hundred and ninety (4,490). The cluster random sampling technique was used in the sample selection. A sampling size of sixty-eight faculty members was randomly selected through the use of the systematic random sampling technique. The College President and the Vice President for Administration and Finance (Concurrently Vice President for Technological and Academic Affairs as well as the College Librarian (designated) were also purposely selected as respondents of the study. Data were collected using both the interview and the focus group discussion (FGD). A survey questionnaire was also used in the data collection. Results and Discussions A. Problem Number 1. The first problem investigated in the study was to identify the types e-media commonly used by the students and by the faculty members of the College. Table 1 presents the data on the available e-media commonly used by the students and teachers.

Table 1 (Types of e-Media in the ZCSPC e-Library Commonly Used by the Students and the Faculty Members) Types of e-Media e-books A dio !ooks $d ca%ional &ideos e-p'o%os e-periodical (e.g. )od les* +o rnals* ne,spaper* )aga-ines* and e%c.. Students f % 67 1" 23 16 18.46 2.7# 6.33 4.41 Teachers f % 13 4 8 4 19.12 #.88 11.76 #.88

64

17.63

1"

14.71

As reflected on Table 1, the available e-media (or e-resources) in the ZCSPC e-library commonly used were the following: a. e-Books. The data indicated that 67 or 18.46% of the students had used it; while, 19.12% of the faculty members had also utilized it. b. e- Periodicals. It was the e-media which was ranked second in the utilization. Sixty-four (64) or 17.63% of the students and ten (10) or 14.71% of the faculty members indicated that they had utilized this e-media. c. Educational Videos. There were 23 or 6.33% of the students who claimed utilization and eight (8) or 11.76% of the faculty members also claimed the same. d. e-Photos. Only 16 or 14.41% of the students had used this e-media; while only four (4) or 5.88% of the faculty members had also utilized it. e. Audio Books. The number of student users on this e-media decreased to ten (10) or only 2.78% of them utilized it. Again, there were four (4) faculty members who had utilized this e-media.

In The interview of the College Librarian, it was revealed that e-journals with 100 titles covering topics for various courses in the College were available in the e-Library. Furthermore, those e-books for hard-to-findtitles and other requested titles were also downloaded in the e-Library of the College. Several suggestions were also made by the faculty members during the interview. The four common suggestions are listed below: a. The e-Library should have Online Public Access catalogue or the OPAC. b. There must also be available e-books on technology, professional journal for on the different blocks and areas of specialization for technology and education. c. E-Books and educational videos must also be provided in the ZCSPC e-library especially in the field of Science and Mathematics. d. The e-Library must also have e-thesis and e-Dissertation. B. Problem Number 2. The extent of utilization of the ZCSPC e-Library by the students and the faculty members was the second problem investigated in the research study. The data on Table 2 (Extent of e-Library Utilization by the Students and Faculty Members) revealed the findings below.
Table 2 (Extent of e-Library Utilization by the Students and the Faculty Members)

the College. A little less number of them of onehundred and seventy-four (174) or 47.93% claimed they did not use the e-Library. The data revealed that a little over one-half of the students had made use of the services available in the e-Library of the College. On the other hand, the faculty members appeared to have less utilized the e-Library. Only about twenty-four (24) or 35.29% of this sample group claimed utilization of the e-Library; while a greater number of forty-four (44) or 64.71% of them revealed they did not utilize the e-Library. There were four major reasons for the utilization of the e-Library of the College. Table 3 (Reasons for utilizing the ZCSPC e-Library) presents the data.
Table 3 (Reasons for Utilizing the ZCSPC e-Library) Students Reasons S b+ec% Assign)en% !ook repor%s /'esis ,ri%ing Ar%icle 0e1ie, f 168 #1 4" 19 % 46.28 14."# 11."2 #.2" Teachers f 12 9 1# 11 % 17.6# 13.24 22."6 16.18

Yes Respondents S% den%s /eac'ers f 189 24 % #2."7 3#.29 f 174 44

No % 47.93 64.71

Among the students, subject assignments was the major reason for the e-Library utilization. It registered a claim for utilization with 46.28% from the student sample group. Book report was claimed by fifty-one (51) or 14.05% of the students as their reason for using the e-Library. Forty (40) or 11.02% of them (student sample group) utilized the e-Library for writing their research report (i.e. thesis writing); while nineteen (19) or 5.2% of them claimed article review as their reason for the e-Library utilization. The teacher sample group considered thesis writing as their major reason for utilization of the e-Library. Fifteen (15) or 22.06% of them made this claim. The second reason was subject assignment; followed by article review. And book reports.

Of the total number of randomly selected student samples of three-hundred and sixty-three (363), one-hundred and eighty-nine (189) or 52.07% indicated that they used the e-Library of 5

It is very interesting to observe that both sample groups (students and teachers) had revealed similar reasons for not utilizing the e-Library of the college. This finding is reflected on Table 4 (Reasons for not Utilizing ZCSPC e-Library).
Table 4 (Reasons for not Utilizing the ZCSPC e-Library)

C. Problem Number 3. The problems commonly encountered in the use of the ZCSPC e-Library were also investigated in the study. The two sample groups of respondents had met three common problems in the e-Library utilization. These are reflected on Table 5 found below.
Table 5 (Common Problems Met in the Utilization of the ZCSPC e-Library)

Reasons

Students f % 22.31

Teachers f 27 % 39.71 Common Problems Lack of co)p %er ni%s. Lack of e-)edia (e.g. e-books* a dio books* ed ca%ional 1ideos* e-p'o%os* and e-periodicals.. Access res%ric%ion %o cer%ain e-)edia (pass,ord pro%ec%ed. Students f % 182 #".14 63 17.36 Teachers f % 29 42.6# 12 17.6#

2 ,o ld ra%'er se %'e in%erne% a% 'o)e (e.g. 3oogle* e%c.. for )4 researc'es. 2 don5% 'a1e %i)e %o go %o %'e librar4 since 2 a) f ll4 loaded ,i%' %eac'ing assign)en%6s b+ec% assign)en%. 2 ,as no% properl4 orien%ed on %'e sage of %'e 7CS8C e-Librar4. 2 a) no% a%%rac%ed %o sing %'e 7CS8C e-Librar4

81

71

19.#6

17

2#

34

9.4

8.82

64

17.63

1#

22."6

14

3.9

1.#

A relatively large percentage of both groups of respondents claimed that they would rather use the internet at home (e.g. Google, etc.) for their research work. Eighty-one (81) or 22.31% of the student sample group and twenty-seven (27) or 39.71% of the teachers claimed it as reason for non-utilization. It was followed by having no time to go to the library due to heavy loads (19.56% for students; and 25% for teachers). The reason on no proper orientation/information dissemination on the ZCSPC e-Library was claimed by 17.63% of the student sample group and 22.06% of the teachers. These reasons for non-utilization of the e-Library were confirmed in their revelations during the focus group discussion (FGD). Both groups revealed that they use the internet at home; that they had unit overloads; and that there was no proper and wide dissemination on the ZCSPC e-Library. 6

As shown on Table 5, one-hundred and eighty-two (182) or 50.14% of the student sample group and twenty-nine (29) or 42.65% of the teachers claimed the lack of computer units as the major problem encountered in the use of the e-Library of the College. It was followed by the problem on the lack of e-media, with 17.36% of the students, and 17.65% of the teachers having met this problem. The third major problem on access restriction to certain e-media was claimed by 9.4% of the students, and by 8.82% of the teachers. There were other problems encountered by the respondents in the use of the e-Library. Some of them were: a. Slow internet speed. b. Lack of space, tables, and chairs. c. Number of computer units. In the interview with the College Librarian, she also confirmed the above as one of the

problems presently plaguing the e-Library of the College. D. Problem Number 4. The fourth problem investigated in this study was about the future plans for the upgrading and development of the ZCSPC e-Library. The data for this research problem were collected through the interview with the President, Vice President for Administration and Finance (and also concurrently the Vice President for Technological and academic Affairs) of the College as well as the College Librarian. The College Librarian had proposed the following plans: 1. There is a need to fill-in the vacated item for the Librarian position to focus on the library holdings solely for the Department of Maritime Education (DME). 2. There is a need to hire a job order who is computer literate to do focus on encoding all the library holdings/titles into one database which will be used in the development of the Online Public Access catalogue (OPAC) to assist the users in the utilization of the ZCSPC e-Library. 3. Revision of the e-Library policy. The College President had proposed five major plans for the ZCSPC e-Library. These are: 1. Expansion of the ZCSPC e-Library which will include the increase in the volumes of e-books, e-journals, e-magazines and other e-media of latest edition for all the programs of the College. 2. Increase the number of computer units for the e-Library. 3. Fill-up the vacated item for the College Librarian. 7

4. There will be no hiring of job orders for the library. Instead, scholars will be utilized as student-assistant for costcutting measures. 5. Mobilization of fabrication of chairs, tables, and other furniture for use in the ZCSPC e-Libraries. The Vice President for Administration and Finance and concurrently the Vice President for Technological and Academic Affairs also proposed the following plans: 1. Develop the ZCSPC Library into a world class Library. To realize this plan, he proposed the expansion of the library by converting the Covered Court as the Main Library of the College. 2. Apply for membership of the ZCSPC e-Library with other e-Library organizations in the country and in the other countries of the world. 3. Increase the number of routers in the library, since the ZCSPC e-Library is already in a WIFI Zone. He has also similar plans with the College President for the ZCSPC e-Library, like the following: 1. Fill-up the vacated item for the College Librarian. 2. Increase the number of computer units in the e-Library. 3. Fabrication of chairs, tables, and other furniture items for use in the ZCSPC e-Library and in the other offices and classrooms of the College.

Findings The findings of the research study were the following: 1. The common e-media available in the ZCSPC e-Library were: a.) e-books; b.) e-periodicals; c.) educational videos; d.) e-photos; and e.) audio books. It was suggested that the e-Library should have Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC). It must also have e-thesis and e-dissertation for writing the research report of both the students and the faculty members. 2. More than fifty percent of the students utilized the e-Library. However, more than sixty-percent of the faculty members did not use it. 3. The major reasons for the use of the eLibrary by both the students and the teachers were: subject assignment; writing research reports (thesis and dissertation); book reports; and article review. 4. The main reasons for non-utilization of the e-Library by the students and the teachers were: a.) no proper and wide information dissemination of the eLibrary; b.) their preference to use the internet at home; c.) having no time to go to the library due to unit overloads; and d.) they were not attracted to use the e-Library. 5. The major problems commonly encountered by the students and the teachers in the use of the ZCSPC eLibrary were: a.) lack of computer units in the e-Library section; b.) lack of emedia; and c.) access restrictions to certain e-media. 6. Other common problems were: a.) lack of space in the e-Library section; b.) lack of number of chairs and tables; and c.) slow internet speed. 8

7. Both the College President and the Vice President for Administration and Finance (concurrently the Vice President for Technological and Academic Affairs) had proposed the following plans for the ZCSPC e-Library: a. Expansion of the ZCSPC e-Library to make it world class. b. Increase the number of computer units for the e-Library section. c. Filling-up of the vacated item for the College Librarian. d. Mobilization of the fabrication of chairs, tables, and other furniture items for use, not only in the library, but also in the other offices and classrooms of the College. e. Utilization of scholars as studentaides in the library, instead of hiring job orders. Conclusions Based on the above findings, it was then concluded that: 1. More than fifty percent of the students utilized the ZCSPC e-Library. However, only thirty-five-point-twenty-nine percent of the faculty members used it. 2. The students and faculty members used the e-Library for their subject assignments, writing their research reports and for book and article reviews. 3. Many of the students and faculty members did not use the e-Library because there was no proper and wide information dissemination of the ZCSPC e-Library; they preferred to use their internets at home; and because they did not have time to go to the library due to their unit loads (class schedules and teaching loads).

4. The students and the teachers had encountered the following common problems in the utilization of the ZCSPC e-Library on the lack of computer units, lack of e-media, and access restrictions to certain e-media. 5. The students and the teachers had also observed the following problems which they encountered in the ZCSPC eLibrary, namely: lack of space, lack of number of computer units, lack of chairs and tables, and slow internet speed. 6. Both the College President and the Vice President for Administration and Finance had good plans for the ZCSPC e-Library, like expansion to make it world class, increase of computer units, fill-up the vacated item for the College Librarian, and other furniture items for use in the library and in the other offices and classrooms of the College. Recommendations The following recommendations are suggested to provide more improvements for the ZCSPC e-Library: 1. A proper and wide dissemination of information of the existence of the ZCSPC e-Library shall be mobilized in all the departments and sections of the College. Such information dissemination must be properly scheduled for effective implementation. 2. A seminar-workshop on the functions and operations of the different application softwares in the ZCSPC eLibrary shall be conducted to the students, teachers and other members of the College who are non-literate in the use of the computer. 3. The Administration must explore other budget sources to increase the budget

4.

5.

6.

7.

allocation needed for the enhancement and upgrading of the ZCSPC e-Library. Equip the ZCSPC e-Library with modern facilities to meet the standard requirements of world class e-Libraries. Establish linkages and membership with other national and international eLibraries. Scribds annual Subscribe to membership package (unlimited access to over 25 million books and documents) for only $3.99/month (P167.58/month) or P2,010.96/year. This is a better alternative than the Colleges current subscription for only 100 titles of e-journals amounting to P130,000.00 of annual subscription. Make representations to the Zamboanga City government for the conversion of the covered court as the main library of the College in its effort for expansion.

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