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    Components of Network

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    Siddhesh Parab
    The document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes how a collection of computers can be connected over a network to share files, printers, and other resources. It also outlines some common network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid networks. It explains that routers, switches, hubs, and other network infrastructure devices help facilitate communication between connected computers and across different network segments.

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    Components of Network

    Uploaded by

    Siddhesh Parab
    143 views75 pages
    The document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes how a collection of computers can be connected over a network to share files, printers, and other resources. It also outlines some common network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid networks. It explains that routers, switches, hubs, and other network infrastructure devices help facilitate communication between connected computers and across different network segments.

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    The document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes how a collection of computers can be connected over a network to share files, printers, and other resources. It also outlines some common network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid networks. It explains that routers, switches, hubs, and other network infrastructure devices help facilitate communication between connected computers and across different network segments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    143 views75 pages

    Components of Network

    Uploaded by

    Siddhesh Parab
    The document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes how a collection of computers can be connected over a network to share files, printers, and other resources. It also outlines some common network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid networks. It explains that routers, switches, hubs, and other network infrastructure devices help facilitate communication between connected computers and across different network segments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 75

    Collection of independent computers Communicate over a network

    Collection of two or more computers People can share Files modems printers Backup drive CD ROM drive Can be used for sending e-mails

    File sharing Easy for accessing same file Prevent creating different versions Printer sharing Communication and collaboration eg.Lotus Notes

    Organization meetings and schedules Remote login Video conferencing Newsgroup and bulletin boards Cost savings

    Routers Transfers data from one n/w to another n/w. Finding most efficient route. Has routing table Other tasks Exchange protocol info across n/w Filter traffic Prevent hacker attack

    1. 2. 3. 4.

    A router has a microcomputer Has a table of n/w s it is connected to Steps of routing of data packets Read destination address See available paths Check if path is busy Sends to least congested

    Device that avoids data collision Larger network- more collisions- slow network

    Devices are used for signal strengthening Network segments connected by repeaters After certain cable length a repeater is placed

    Joins two networks together Capable of routing Less expensive

    Allow computers t o share data packets Star and tree topologies use hub Bus and ring topology dont use hub

    Protocol : An agreed method of doing something.

    Network protocol: Agreed method of communication.

    OSI model 7. Application Layer NNTP SIP SSI DNS FTP Gopher HTTP NFS NTP SMPP SMTP SNMP Telnet DHCP Netconf RTP SPDY (more) 6. Presentation Layer MIME XDR TLS SL 5. Session Layer Named Pipes NetBIOS SAP L2TP PPTP SOCKS 4. Transport Layer TCP UDP SCTP DCCP SPX 3. Network Layer IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP IPsec IGMP IPX AppleTalk 2. Data Link Layer ATM SDLC HDLC ARP CSLIP SLIP GFP PLIP IEEE 802.3 Frame Relay ITU-T G.hn DLL PPP X.25 Network Switch 1. Physical Layer EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 ITU-T V-Series I.430 I.431 POTS PDH SONET/SDH PON OTN DSL IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.16 IEEE 1394 ITU-T G.hn PHY USB Bluetooth Hubs

    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

    Any machine that provides a service for other users on the network. Printer server File server Database server Email server Internet proxy server Intranet server

    Printer server: used for printing purpose

    File server: Used for storing files and folders

    Database servers: for storing large databases

    Email server: Store address book Spam filtering

    Internet proxy server: Store a copy of frequently used web sites, speed up access. supply authorized users with web pages supply external users with authorized info and services

    Intranet server: Internal web services

    Converts data passing between dissimilar n/w. Converts data into correct network protocol

    Mixture of h/w and s/w.

    Device used for screening or filtering. It screens the data coming to the network and going out of the network Part of the firewall

    Device for Modulation and Demodulation Converts digital data to Analog and vice versa Internal and External

    Allows the signal to be transmitted to the machine

    To transfer data from one point to another Three types of cables


    1. 2. 3.

    Electrical Radio and microwave Infra-red

    Local Area Network Interconnects computers in a limited area Buildings Group of buildings Home School Comp Lab Office

    Connects workstations and PCs

    Each node has its own CPU

    It can access data and devices from any LAN

    Topology : Geometric arrangement of devices Protocols: Rules for sending data Media: Devices connected by Twisted pair or Coaxial cable or Fiber optic cable

    Multiplayer gaming event Participants bring their own computers or given by organizers. Build temporary LAN No can range from 2 to thousands LAN divided into logical groups - Subnets

    As of 2010, the world record for the size of a LAN party is 12,754 connected systems, set at Sweden. Gaming clans play to improve Cyber athlete Professional League (CPL) Professional sports tournament organization specializing in computer and console video game competitions.

    VLANS : Virtual LAN

    SAN : Storage area network. Designed to handle large data transfer

    Layout pattern of interconnected nodes

    Physical Design of the network

    Logical Actual data flow

    They may not be the same for a network.

    There are seven basic topologies Point to point Bus Star Ring Mesh Tree Hybrid Daisy chain

    Permanent link between two end points Permanent or switched

    Each node connected to single cable A signal travels in both directions If address doesn't match, data is ignored Inexpensive Types : Linear and Distributed

    Each host is connected to central hub Easiest topology Can add extra nodes Scalable Types Extended and distributed

    Star with repeaters

    Stars in linear fashion

    Circular arrangement of nodes Data travels in one direction Each device is repeater Each device is transmitter and receiver

    Network of terminals Types :Fully connected Partially connected

    Physical location of nodes like a tree Combination of bus and star One root node divided into no of nodes

    Combination of two or more topologies Can be : Star ring Star Bus Snowflake

    Connecting each comp in series to the next

    Centralization:
    Star topology Tree topology Decentralization: Mesh Fully connected network or full mesh topology

    Sharing resources Domain controller Authentication, logging, Security Centralization Dedicated file server, Redundancy, disaster recovery, virus scanning

    Security is needed to stop users Difficult to set up Needs to be maintained If file server develops a fault, all are affected

    Advantages: Easier to add or move workstation Provide connectivity to remote terminals Installation is fast and easy No need of cables through walls and ceilings

    Access to n/w within range For portable n/w(war etc) Installation expenses are lower In historic building, no need to dig holes Can be established without wiring planning

    As no of computers increase, transfer rate will decrease Bandwidth is lower Security is difficult and requires configuration Distance is limited

    WLAN can not be the complete solution. It is additional to the wired LAN It can interact with the other wireless networks.

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