IISc Answer Key 2013

Question paper type: C

1. A
Abscissic acid, a hormone produced when plant is under saline or water stress.
2. A
Lack of 2OH indicate it as DNA polymer
3. A
The four polypeptide chains are bound to each other by salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and the
hydrophobic effect.
4. B
Aspirin prevents heart attacks by stopping blood platelets from sticking together and forming
artery-blocking clots.
5. C
Immediate genes, expressed within half an hour of antigen recognition, encode a number of
transcription factors, including c-Fos, c-Myc, c-Jun, NFAT, and NF-B For activation of these
immediate genes, Calcium is used as one of the multiple intracellular signals Early genes,
expressed within 12 h of antigen recognition, encode IL-2, IL-2R (IL-2 receptor), IL-3, IL-6,
IFN-gamma, and numerous other proteins
-Kuby.
6. D
Telomere sequences vary from species to species, but, in general, one strand is rich in G with
fewer Cs. These G-rich sequences can form four-stranded structures (G-quadruplexes), with
sets of four bases held in plane and then stacked on top of each other with either a sodium or a
potassium ion between the planar quadruplexes.
7. B
The electrons come from the chlorophyll molecules at the centre of photosystems in cyclic
phosphorylation whereas the electrons come from the chlorophyll in non-cyclic but are replaced
by electrons produced by photolysis of water
8. B
2, 3 bisphosphoglycerate which is formed in RBC decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for
oxygen and thus helps unload oxygen from hemoglobin
-Tortora page 928

9. C
Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of glycine and acetylcholine receptors. It
primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction
10. C
What ethanol does is this. it competes with and slows down the methanol reaction by using up
the available alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes allowing your body to excrete the un reacted
methanol via urine. This is called "competitive inhibition"
11. C
All molecules are in motion (except at absolute zero). As the temperature increases, their
motion increases too. In the case of enzyme catalyzed reactions, as the speed of enzyme and
substrate molecules increases, the chance for collisions so they can form enzyme-substrate
complexes increases. Thus as the temperature rises, the reaction rate increases too
12. A
IgG
13. A
With same antigen specificity but different effectors functions
14. B
To allow the genome to be fully replicated prior to each round of cell
division, bacterial cells frequently have to initiate DNA replication from
their single origin prior to the completion of cell division.
-Watson
15. D
T cell development occurs in the thymus; the thymic microenvironment directs differentiation as
well as positive and negative selection. Lymphoid progenitors which have developed from
hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow migrate to the thymus to complete their antigenindependent maturation into functional T cells. In the thymus, T cells develop their specific T cell
markers, including TCR, CD3, CD4 or CD8, and CD2. T cells also undergo thymic education
through positive and negative selection
16. D
alanine has got 3 carbon, 1 Nitrogen and 1 oxygen, and 5 hydrogen. So a poly Ala should be in
the ratio 1: 0.33:0.33: 2
17. A
The reverse of nucleic acid denaturation is renaturation, also referred to as re-association or
hybridization. This bimolecular process is most effected by
- temperature
- ionic strength,
- molar concentration of the two complementary strands

- reaction time
- denaturing agents such as formamide or urea which lower the Tm
- dextran sulfate which increases the rate of re-association
18. C
The primary function of ATP is the transfer of energy from one location to another rather than
the long-term storage of energy. At rest, a skeletal muscle fiber produces more ATP than it
needs. Under these conditions, ATP transfers energy to creatine. Creatine is a small molecule
that muscle cells assemble from fragments of amino acids. The energy transfer creates another
high-energy compound, creatine phosphate (CP), or phosphorylcreatine
19. D
Glycogen Phosphorylase
20. A
Histidine is phosphorylated by the enzyme histidine kinase and serine and threonine have got a
OH group
21. C
Potassium acetate is a basic salt because KOH is a strong base and acetic acid is a weak acid.
pH is above 7
22. D
In 2 months, 5 half lives have passed.
1 mCu 0.5 mCu 0.25 mCu 0.125 mCu 62.5 microCu 31.25 microCu
23. A
Every plant for which flower initiation is light-dependent (and not all plants are) has a critical
day-length associated with it. The term long-day describes plants that begin forming flower buds
when the days are longer than their critical day length. The term short-day, on the other hand,
describes plants that begin flowering when the days are shorter than their critical day length.
Day-neutral plants form flowers independent of day length.
24. C
Almost all bacteria can be classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. The classification relies
on the positive or negative results from Grams staining method, which uses complex purple dye
and iodine. Because gram-positive bacteria have more layers of peptidoglycan in their cell walls
than gram-negative, they can retain the dye.
25. C
Each centriole of the centrosome is based on a nine triplet microtubule assembled in a
cartwheel structure
26. C
During fasting first lipid are utilized and the formation of urea from proteins will remain constant
but as fasting prolongs the proteins will be utilized for the formation of glucose molecule
27. D

DNA divides in S phase, and become n and in G2 and M phase n level is maintained. At the
end of M phase, DNA separates into 2 different cells and become n/2 so when cell is in G1
state, normal state n/2 is maintained.
28. D
Probability of working at each junction = ; So probability of all 3 working = 1/8
29. C
The thiamine repression kept the GFP under suppression, but on irradiation with UV, the non
sense mutation was repaired, but the thiamine suppression is not removed completely. Thus we
can conclude that the UV allows for expression of this mutant GFP
30. D
Glucose converted to glucose 6 phosphate in glycolysis, glucose 6 phosphate is the starting
material for Pentose phosphate pathway glycogen breakdown leads to glucose 6 phosphate
31. B
Phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes the committed step of glycolysis and it is allosterically
activated by high level of AMP and inhibited by ATP
32. B
GnRH are synthesized and produced by neurons within the hypothalamus
Page 654 tortora
33. A
Both are phospholipids which are formed by reaction of a glycerol with 2 fatty acids
34. C
In chemical kinetics, the order of reaction with respect to a given substance (such as reactant,
catalyst or product) is defined as the index, or exponent, to which its concentration term in the
rate equation is raised. So, For Z, order of reaction is 1st order. A number that relates the rate of
a chemical reaction with the concentrations of the reacting substances: the sum of all the
exponents of the terms expressing concentrations of the molecules or atoms determining the
rate of the reaction. So, overall rate of reaction is 4th. The molecularity of a reaction simply
refers to the number of molecules involved in the rate limiting step of that reaction. The rate
limiting step is the slowest step to take place in the intermediate pathway between the reactants
and final products. So, since 4 molecules collide with each other, the molecularity or no. of
molecules in rate-limiting step is 4.
35. D
Red bone marrow is the site of formation of all immune cells
36. A
All hormones except growth hormone have got a common alpha subunit in them
37. C
cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase
38. B
From the plot, since Y intercept is the same of L and control, L is a competitive inhibitor. Since
the X intercept is the same for K and control, K is a noncompetitive inhibitor. For a competitive

inhibitor, Vmax remains the same, statement 1 is true. At a given value of S, 1/Vo value is
greater for K than for L, which means rate of reaction is greater for L than K, so statement 2 is
true. A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site, enzyme saturation will occur at higher
substrate conc. for L than for K, statement 3 is false.
39. C
Metal ions may be bound by main chain amino acids and carboxylic groups but specific binding
is achieved by amino acid side chains, particularly the carboxylate groups of aspartic acid and
glutamic acid and the nitrogen ring of histidine. It can also bind to tryptophan but more is with
aspartate
40. C
Haptens are non-immunogenic, So, Generation of Abs against Hapten requires a HaptenCArrier Conjugate
41. A
Loop of henle is slightly longer in desert animals to help them reabsorb more amount of water
42. C
A Thioester, because it contains SH=CO group
43. C
Optical density is the measure of the transmission of an optical medium for a given wavelength.
Higher OD lower transmittance and vice versa e.g; optical density of 1 means 90% of incident
light is absorbed
44. B
The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is also called as cooperative binding, where the binding of
1st oxygen enhances the binding of the next oxygen molecule
45. B
Isolate from minimal media weakens the cells and makes them less virulence. This is the
method of creating live vaccines with attenuation.
46. A
Succinate dehydrogenase
47. A
The electron transport apparatus is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. They have got
many mobile carriers like coenzyme Q, cytochrome c
-Lehninger
48. C
Mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest genome of 580kB
49. C
Ethidium bromide is a intercalating agent which affects the replication of plasmid an bacterial
replication is seen during the log phase
50. B

All penicillin derivatives produce their bacteriocidal effects by inhibition of bacterial cell wall
synthesis. Specifically, the cross linking of peptides on the mucosaccharide chains is prevented.
51. B
Since population B has Y chromosome mutation, all the males will be mutated. But in population
A, X chromosome is mutated, it can be either dominant to most possibly a recessive. Hence we
have a normal X chromosome to compensate but only 1 Y chromosome. SO chance to get fixed
in more in population B
52. B
Cyclopentane, with all C-C bonds, gets longest
perimeter, than other molecules
53. B
miRNA genes are usually transcribed by RNA
polymerase II (Pol II)
54. B
The largest number of conformations are possible
for threonine as lysine is very bulky and glutamate is
also big is size same for methionine
55. B
Such a helix is a transmembrane helix
56. B
The N-H group of an amino acid forms a hydrogen bond with the C = O group of the amino acid
three residues earlier; this repeated i + 3 i hydrogen bonding defines a 310-helix
57. A
Area of small circle = pi(d/2)^2;
Area of larger circle = pi(d)^2;
Difference between area of the two circles = 3/4pi(d)^2
58. C
The rate of this movement is a function of temperature, viscosity of the fluid and the size (mass)
of the particles
59. C
Carbon tetrachloride is a nonpolar molecule, with a dipole moment of 0 D (Debyes).
Trichloromethane has dipole moment of 1.02 D, higher than CCl4.
60. A
Surface area of larger vesicle = surface area of 10 smaller vesicles. So, 4piR^2 = 10*4pir^2;
R^2 = 10r^2; r=square root 10; diameter = 2squareroot 10 ; diameter = 6.32 micrometer
61. B
Histamine is biosynthesized from Histidine by the enzyme Histidine decarboxylase, by removal
of carboxylic acid.

62. A
A pI value is calculated when the net charge on the amino acid is 0; with the loss of alpha
carboxylic group the charge on the amino acid is 0; next it will lose a H at pH 3.8 and net charge
will become negative.
so pI is (2+3.8)/2 = 2.9
63. B
An enzyme reduces the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur which speeds up the
reaction, but it does not alter the free-energy change (G) of the reaction. Enzyme does not
change a nonspontaneous reaction into a spontaneous one. A non spontaneous reaction needs
an input of energy where as a spontaneous one does not.
64. B
L-tyrosine acts as precursor for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones in
dopaminergic cells tyrosine is converted to levodopa which is involved in the synthesis of
dopamine
65. B
The most rapid nerve impulses are conducted on fibers that are thick and myelinated.
66. C
A single base insertion just after the start codon will change the reading frame which
dramatically changes the entire sequence of protein. Change in reading frame will not be
observed in the other 3 options.
67. D
In the nervous system, information is frequency-coded as action potentials.
An action potential is a rapid all-or-nothing electrical pulse which travels along neural pathways,
i.e. down axons and chemically over synapses through to other neurons. The rapid
depolarization and hyper-polarization of an action potential spike is of almost uniform amplitude,
lasting last less than two milliseconds, and firing at a rate of up to five hundred per second for
very intense stimuli. The nervous system has evolved to use digital, frequency-coded signaling
.
68. D
The confidence level describes the uncertainty of a sampling method. The probability part of a
confidence interval is called a confidence level. In a confidence interval, the range of values
above and below the sample statistic is called the margin of error.
69. B
The premotor cortex is an area of motor cortex lying within the frontal lobe of the brain just
anterior to the primary motor cortex. The premotor cortex is responsible for some aspects of
motor control, possibly including the preparation for movement, the sensory guidance of
movement, the spatial guidance of reaching, or the direct control of some movements with an
emphasis on control of proximal and trunk muscles of the body.
70. A
Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies caused by random sampling. That is, the alleles in
the offspring are a random sample of those in the parents. Genetic drift may cause gene
variants to disappear completely, and thereby reduce genetic variability.

71. D
Very long time has passed since life has begun on earth
Extinction is often caused by a change in environmental conditions. When conditions change,
some species possess adaptations that allow them to survive and reproduce, while others do
not. If the environment changes slowly enough, species will sometimes evolve the necessary
adaptations, over many generations. If conditions change more quickly than a species can
evolve, however, and if members of that species lack the traits they need to survive in the new
environment, the likely result will be extinction.
72. C
s2/mean < 1.0 = uniform distribution
73. C
The ectoderm generates the outer layer of the embryo, and it forms from the embryo's epiblast.
The ectoderm develops into the surface ectoderm, neural crest, and the neural tube.
The neural crest of the ectoderm develops into: peripheral nervous system, adrenal medulla,
melanocytes, facial cartilage, dentin of teeth.
The neural tube of the ectoderm develops into: brain, spinal cord, posterior pituitary, motor
neurons, retina.
74. B
Cross pollinated plant and animal dispersed
Due to fragmentation and separation of plant populations, cross pollinated plants fail to
pollinate. Due to fragmentation and habitat destructions, animal population may also vary
hindering the pollination rate.
75. A
Directional selection
Individuals that display a more extreme form of a trait have greater fitness than individuals
with an average form of the trait.
76. D
Dinosaurs have been found with feathers. This shows that feathers were originally for warmth
and then adapted for flying. The original and oldest fossils show the presence of feathers.
77. C
Convergent Evolution
Distantly related organisms develop similar traits due to similar selective pressures. This is seen
in how birds, insects and bats can all fly despite having separate ancestors.
78. D
Oligodendrocytes are the types of glial cells which are not involved with the transmission of
electrical signals, but form a thick fatty layer that prevents ions from entering or escaping the
axon. This insulation prevents significant signal decay as well as ensuring faster signal speed.
79. B
B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells are the specialized antigen presenting cells. APCs are
specialized cells that can prime T cells. These cells, in general, express MHC class II as well as
MHC class I molecules, and can stimulate Th and Tc cells
80. D

Although it does not seem to be the correct one, but from the given option, this only is a
possibility
81. D
Irrespective of the chemical or enzyme treatment
82. A
They do follow Chargaff rule
Sense strand is called (+) strand and is complementary to antisense strand which codes for
mRNA.
83. D
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytosolic calcium has long been known as a second messenger of major significance. Recently
it has become apparent that calcium stored in cellular organelles can also be an important
regulator of cellular functions. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is usually the largest store of
releasable calcium in the cell.
84. B
RNA polymerase II
Stimulation of polymerase elongation is accomplished by the recruitment of a serine kinase
which phosphorylates the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II.
-

HIV-1 gene expression: lessons from provirus and non-integrated DNA; Yuntao Wu

85. C
Monophosphate
Like all RNA molecules, they have a 3'-OH terminus, but the opposite end terminates with a 5'
monophosphate rather than a 5'-triphosphate, because tRNA molecules are cut from a large
primary transcript.
86. D
Complete loss of enzyme activity
Chymotrysin is a serine protease which has got a serine group at its active site 195. When
scientists treated chymotrypsin with DFP, and identified the amino acids around the modified
serine, they found that only a single serine, serine 195, reacted blocking this serine permanently
destroyed the function of the enzyme
87. B
Corynebacterium diphtheria produces diphtheria toxin. This catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of a
diphthamide (a modified histidine) residue of eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2, thereby
inactivating it
88. B
During conjugation, F+ cells will not becomes F-, they remain s F+, hence it is the wrong
statement in question
89. A
Linkage makes the genes not to follow Mendels laws of independent assortment
90. D

Topoisomeras introduce negative super coils to maintain the DNA integrity in normal cells,
during replication process
91. D
Sigma subunit, involved in promoter recognition
92. B
One of the earliest and best characterized effects of BFA in nonplant organisms is the loss of
COPI coats from the Golgi apparatus
-Kreis et al., 1995
93. D
The bacteria need some time to sense the presence of nutrients, activate their operons and
produce necessary enzymes
94. B
Multiple alleles make the continuous variations giving rise to all possible phenotypes.
95. A
Different in reciprocal cross indicates it is a mitochondrial inheritance
96. C
Universal means, a Condon always code for one particular amino acid. So, different amino
acids can be coded by same codon is called as Non universal
97. A
Stokes effect
98. A
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. It's caused by the body attacking its own pancreas
with antibodies. In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin.
99. A
Protein 2, 3 and 4 will co-elute as a single peak because in Size Exclusion Chromatography
there has to be a 10% difference in molecular mass to have a good resolution.
100. A
cAMP level goes high when glucose concentration in cell reduces, this will make effective CAP
binding and polymerase attachment. Thus CAP will facilitate activation of lac operons, when
Glucose concentration goes down
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