GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AMRAVATI.

(An Autonomous Institute of Govt. of Maharashtra)

PRAJWALAN 2010
Paper Presentation

ON

AIR HANDLER
THEME: Energy Crisis and Renewable Energy

GROUP: A

SUBMITTED BY
Mr. Suhas A.Manwar (Electrical & Powar Engg) Govt.College of Engg,Amravati Engg,Amravati [email protected] Mob no: 9881590998 Mr.Shishir shrivastav (Electrical & Powar Engg) Govt.College of [email protected] Mob no: 9890673110

REGISTRATION ID:641

Index

Sr. No.

Contents Abstract Introduction AIR HANDLER ARCHITECTURE AIR HANDLER COMPONENTS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES SCOPE OF INSTRUMENTATION APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION REFERENCES

Page No.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12 12 13

air makeup. Depending on the

ABSTRACT:
In most of the process industries such as food industry, power plant, contains unit air steel handling of plant, unit space pharmaceuticals, sugar plants (AHU). Air handler is the basic operation conditioning. It is used to keep occupied spaces comfortable or un occupied spaces at desired levels of temperature In addition and to humidity.

energy

sources

used,

this

corresponds to yearly operating cost of few dollars per sq. foot of the floor space. Whereas other unit operations have benefited substantially from advance process control, air handler has not. Air handler today are frequently control as the same way as 20 30years ago. For this reason air handler optimization can results in much greater percentage of saving than optimization of any other unit operation. Optimization can cut cost of air handler in half a saving that can seldom be achieve operation. in any other unit

supplying or removing heat and/or humidity from condition spaces, air handler also provides ventilation and fresh

connect to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air through the building, and returns it to the AHU. Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit (return) air directly to and from the space served, without ductwork.

1.INTRODUCTION:

An air handler, or air handling unit (often abbreviated to AHU), is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. Usually, an air handler is a large metal box containing a blower, heating and/or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually Small air handlers, for local use, are called terminal units, and may only include an air filter, coil, and blower; these simple terminal units are called blower coils or fan coil units. A larger air handler that conditions 100% outside air, and no recirculated air, is known as a makeup air unit (MAU). An air handler designed for outdoor use,

typically on roof is known

as a packaged unit (PU) or rooftop unit (RTU)

2.AIR HANDLER ARCHITECTURE

An air handling unit; air flow is from the right to left in this case. Some AHU components shown are:

1 - Supply duct 2 - Fan compartment 3 - Vibration isolator ('flex joint')

4 - Heating and/or cooling coil 5 - Filter compartment 6 - Mixed (recirculated + outside) air

3.AIR HANDLER COMPONENTS

3.1 Blower/fan

Air handlers typically employ a large squirrel cage blower driven by an AC induction electric motor to move the air. The blower may operate at a single speed, offer a variety of pre-set speeds, or be driven by a Variable Frequency Drive so as to allow a wide range of air flow rates. Flow rate may also be controlled by inlet vanes or outlet dampers on the fan. Some residential air handlers (central 'furnaces' or 'air conditioners') use a brushless DC electric motor that has variable speed capabilities. In large commercial air handling units, multiple blowers may be present, typically placed at the end of the AHU and the beginning of the supply ductwork (therefore also called "supply fans"). They are often augmented by fans in the return air duct ("return fans"), pushing the air into the AHU.

3.2 Heating and/or cooling elements Depending on the location and the application, air handlers may need to provide heating, or cooling, or both to change the supply air temperature. Smaller air handlers may contain a fuel-burning heater or a refrigeration evaporator, placed directly in the air stream. Electric resistance and heat pumps are used too. Evaporative cooling is possible in dry climates too. Large commercial air handling units contain coils that circulate hot water or steam for heating, and chilled water for cooling. The hot water or steam is provided by a central boiler, and the chilled water is provided by a central chiller.

3.3 Chiller

percentage of glycol and/or corrosion inhibitors; other fluids such as thin oils can be chilled as well. 3.4 Filters

Air filtration is almost always present in order to Fig.3.1 CHILLER A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. A vaporcompression water chiller comprises the 4 major components of the vaporcompression refrigeration cycle (compressor, evaporator, condenser, and some form of metering device). These machines can implement a variety of refrigerants. Absorption chillers utilize water as the refrigerant and rely on the strong affinity between the water and a lithium bromide solution to achieve a refrigeration effect. Most often, pure water is chilled, but this water may also contain a 3.5 Humidifier provide clean dust-free air to the building occupants. It may be via simple low-MERV pleated media, HEPA, electrostatic, or a combination of techniques. Gasphase and ultraviolet air treatments may be employed as well. It is typically placed first in the AHU in order to keep all its components clean.

Humidification is often necessary in colder climates where continuous heating will make the air drier, resulting in uncomfortable air quality and increased static electricity. Various types of humidification may be used: Evaporative: dry air blown over a reservoir will evaporate some of the water. The rate of evaporation can be increased by spraying the water onto baffles in the air stream. Vaporizer: steam or vapour from a boiler is blown directly into the air stream. Spray mist: water is diffused either by a nozzle or other mechanical means into fine droplets and carried by the air.

air into, and the exhausting of air from the building. In temperate climates, mixing the right amount of cooler outside air with warmer return air can be used to approach the desired supply air temperature. A mixing chamber is therefore used which has dampers controlling the ratio between the return, outside, and exhaust air. A heat recovery heat exchanger, of many types, may be fitted to the air handler for energy savings and increasing capacity.

Fig.3.2 HEAT EXCHANGER

3.6 Mixing chamber In order to maintain indoor air quality, air handlers commonly have provisions to allow the introduction of outside 3.7 Controls

Controls are necessary to regulate every aspect of an air handler, such as: flow rate of air, supply air temperature, mixed air temperature, humidity, air quality. They may be as simple as an off/on thermostat or as complex as a building automation system using BACnet or LonWorks, for example. Common control components include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, sail switches, actuators, motors, and controllers. 3.8 Vibration isolators The blowers in an air handler can create substantial vibration and the large area of the duct system would transmit this

noise and vibration to the occupants of the building. To avoid this, vibration isolators (flexible sections) are normally inserted into the duct immediately before and after the air handler and often also between the fan compartment and the rest of the AHU. The rubberized canvas-like material of these sections allows the air handler to vibrate without transmitting much vibration to the attached ducts. The fan compartment can be further isolated by placing it on a spring suspension, which will mitigate the transfer of vibration through the

These high-efficiency units feature rifled tube coils that are mechanically bonded to

4.ADVANTAGES
4.1 EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE. LONGLASTING QUALITY

lanced aluminum fins, providing outstanding heat transfer capability, high performance ratings, and quality that lasts.

4.2 QUIET OPERATION. 50% LESS ENERGY Through the use of ECM technology, variable speed models (FFV) use up to 50% less

unit operation, eliminating noisy starts and stops. 4.3 DESIGNED TO FIT ALMOST ANYWHERE Air Handler offers flexibility and quick and easy installation. Configured for upflow and horizontal applications, these units are ideal for basement, attic, slab, alcove, or crawlspace installation.

electrical energy than conventional blower motors. This technology increases SEER1 efficiency ratings by up to 1.5 points. And variable speed operation also allows for quiet

5.DISADVANTAGE

LEAKAGE It is often desirable to locate air handlers and furnaces in unoccupied portions of the house, such as a basement,

crawlspace, attic or attached garage. Placing mechanical equipment in those zones avoids use of occupied space and limits noise. There are a number of disadvantages of locating the air handler or furnace (air handler is intended to include furnaces) in unconditioned space. Restricted access to equipment located in a crawlspace or attic may reduce the frequency and quality of servicing. Added conduction losses from the AHU and adjacent ductwork reduce system

efficiency. The most serious disadvantages relate to air leakagein the air handler cabinet, at connections to the return and supply plenums and in adjacent ductwork located in those spaces. 1 Q25,t otal #A Hs Maxi mum Mini mum NonGas Gas 9 0 74 23.4 60 5.4 46.9 Std. Devia tion 10.4 TABLE

6.SCOPE OF INSTRUMENTATION

5.3 PRESSURE CONTROL 5.1 TEMPERATURE CONTROL Temperature of system is sensed by temptuere sensor, such as radiation pyrometer, RTD, thermocouple. And it is controlled using controller. Gas or air flow controlled using flow transmitters. All above parameters are controlled using PLC, SCADA. 5.2 HUMIDITY CONTROL 5.5 FAN CONTROL Moisture in air is sensed by Hygrometer. And it is controlled using controller. Using damper and valve controlling. 5.6 OUT DOOR AIR CONTROL Using damper and valve controlling. Pressure of the air is sensed by pressure sensors. And it is controlled using controller. 5.4 FLOW CONTROL

7.APPLICATIONS
1. IN VARIOUS POWER PLANTS SUCH AS THERMAL, NUCLEAR PLANTS.

3. PHARMACETICAL INDUSTRIES.

4. ENVIRNMENT PROTECTION CONTROL.

2. IN VARIOUS FOOD INDUSTRIES. 5. HOUSEHOLD APPLICATIONS.

Air Handler offers flexibility and quick and easy installation

8.CONCLUSION
Air handler unit is most widely used in process industries, the maintaince of this system is most necessary, while operating the plant. Through the use of ECM technology, variable speed models (FFV) use up to 50% less electrical energy than conventional blower motors. No significant savings through decentralizing the system. Losing about $50,000 per year on leaks byway of both wasted energy and overcompensation with a proper control and maintaince of AHU this cost should be minimize. Their is large scope to instrumentation Engineer for

controlling parameters using various advance techniques such

as PLC, LonWorks for excellent reliability of system.

REFERENCES

BOOKS 1: PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION:B.G.LIPTAK

WEBSITES WWW.GOOGLE.COM WWW.PACONTROL.COM WWW. IAIWEB.LBL.GOV

2: PROCESS CONTROL: CONSIDENE 3:THERMAL ENGINEERING:R K RAJPUT .