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    Chapter 5 SG Answers

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    Chapter 5 SG Answers

    Uploaded by

    api-236459624
    222 views27 pages

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    chapter 5 sg answers

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    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    222 views27 pages

    Chapter 5 SG Answers

    Uploaded by

    api-236459624

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Chapter 5 RG: The Integumentary System

    1. Organs of the Integumentary system


    Hair Skin Nails Sweat

    glands Sebaceous glands

    2. Epidermis vs. Dermis


    Epidermis Dermis

    Top layer Made of epithelial tissue No blood vessels

    Under epidermis Made of connective tissue Blood vessels

    3. Hypodermis
    Layer

    below the skin Functions: Stores fat (shock absorber and insulator), anchors skin to underlying tissue (muscle)

    4-5
    4.

    Keratinocytes 5. 25-45 days produce and fill with keratin, die before reaching the surface.

    6. Melanin
    Made

    by melanocytes Functions: give the skin color, protect from UV radiation.

    7. Layers of Epidermis

    8. Stratum Lucidum
    Found

    in thick skin.

    9. Structures found in the Dermis


    Nerve

    fibers Blood and lymphatic vessels Hair follicles Sweat and oil glands

    10. Function of Dermal Ridges


    Increase

    friction and enhance ability to grip objects.

    11. Function of Collagen Fibers


    Strength

    and resiliency (prevents the skin from being pierced). Helps keep skin hydrated.

    12. Function of Elastin Fibers


    Stretch-recoil

    properties of the skin.

    13. Why Smoking Ages the Skin


    Increases

    enzyme that destroys

    collagen.

    14. How Botox Works


    Blocks

    nerves from stimulating muscles to contract (paralyze the muscles).

    15. What is a Blister?


    Separation

    of the epidermis and dermis by a fluidfilled pocket.

    16. Sun Damage


    Elastin

    fibers clump (leathery skin) Weakens immune system Alter DNA (causes cancer) Destroys folate (deficiency causes birth defects)

    17. Cyanosis
    Blue

    appearance of skin due to low oxygen level in the blood.

    18. Skin Color


    Pallor:

    anemia, low blood pressure Jaundice: yellow bile deposited in tissues, usually due to liver disease Bruises: clotted blood under skin.

    19. Sweat Glands


    Sweat Gland Location Eccrine Produces Function
    Cool body Everywhere, lots Sweat in palms, soles, forehead Face, armpits, genital area canal Sweat Ear wax

    Apocrine

    Unknown Deter insects, block foreign material Food for babies

    Ceruminous External ear

    Mammary

    Breasts

    Milk

    20. Sebaceous Glands


    Produces

    Sebum Functions: Soften and lubricates the hair and skin, prevents hair from becoming brittle, slows water loss from skin, kills bacteria.

    21. Functions of Hair


    On

    body: sense insects on the skin On head: protect from physical trauma, heat loss, sunlight Eyelashes: protect eyes Nose hairs: filter large particles from the hair.

    22. Hair Color


    Blond

    to black: amount of melanin Red: pigment trichosiderin Gray/white: lack of melanin

    23. Hair Loss


    High

    fever Emotional trauma Surgery Drugs Lactation Low protein diet

    24. Skin Functions

    Protection: Chemical barriers: acid pH inhibits bacterial multiplication Sebum kills bacteria Melanin prevents UV damage Mechanical barriers: Continuity and keratin prevent entry into the body. Biological barriers: Macrophages attack anything that gets past the epidermis

    24. (cont.)
    Regulates

    body temperature Dermal capillaries dilate to release heat, constrict to conserve heat. Sweat cools. Cutaneous sensation Meissners corpuscles: detect light touch Pacinian corpuscles: detect firm pressure

    24. (cont.)
    Metabolic

    functions Synthesize vitamin D and some proteins Blood reservoir 5% of blood is in the skin. Dermal vessels constrict sending more blood to general circulation. Excretion Water, salt, nitrogenous wastes are lost in sweat.

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