346 Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

346
Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals
(b) [ +=2/<: V V" b V#
V" 'a 1 a[R" (x)]# c [r" (x)]# b dx with R" (x) x b 2 and r" (x) 0; a" c2 and b" 0;
3
"
"
V# 'a 1 a[R# (x)]# c [r# (x)]# b dx with R# (x) x b 2 and r# (x) x; a# 0 and b# 1
3
#
two integrals are required
shell
shell
shell
(c) W2/66: V 'c 21 radius height dy 'c 21y height dy where shell height y# c a3y# c 2b 2 c 2y# ;
d
c 0 and d 1. Only 98/ integral is required. It is, therefore preferable to use the =2/66 method.
However, whichever method you use, you will get V 1.
40. (a) H3=k: V V" c V# c V$
Vi 'c 1[Ri (y)]# dy, i 1, 2, 3 with R" (y) 1 and c" c1, d" 1; R# (y) y and c# 0 and d# 1;
di
R$ (y) (cy)"% and c$ c1, d$ 0 three integrals are required

(b) [ +=2/<: V V" b V#
Vi 'c 1a[Ri (y)]# c [ri (y)]# b dy, i 1, 2 with R" (y) 1, r" (y) y, c" 0 and d" 1;
di
R# (y) 1, r# (y) (cy)"% , c# c1 and d# 0 two integrals are required
shell
shell
shell
(c) W2/66: V 'a 21 radius height dx 'a 21x height dx, where shell height x# c acx% b x# b x% ,
b
a 0 and b 1 only one integral is required. It is, therefore preferable to use the =2/66 method.
1
However, whichever method you use, you will get V 56 .
41. (a) V 'a 1 cR# axb c r# axbd dx ' 4 1 25 c x2 c a3b# dx 1' 4 c25 c x2 c 9d dx 1' 4 a16 c x2 bdx
#
64
64
2561
3 c 1 c64 b 3 3
5001
3 Volume of portion removed
1<16x c 1 x3 c4 164 c
3
(b) Volume of sphere 4 1a5b3
3
" b 1
shell
shell
42. V 'a 21 radius height dx '1
b
5001
3
2561
3
2441
3
21 x sinax2 c 1b dx; u x2 c 1 du 2x dx; x 1 u 0,
x " b 1 u 1 1'0 sin u du c1 ccos ud 1 c1ac1 c 1b 21

!
1
r
shell
shell
h
43. V 'a 21 radius height dx '0 21 x c h x b hdx 21'0 c h x2 b h xdx 21<c 3r x3 b h x2 !
r
r
2
b
21c r3h b
r2 h
#
1 1 r2 h
3
shell
shell
44. V 'c 21 radius height dy '0 21 yr2 c y2 c cr2 c y2 dy 41'0 yr2 c y2 dy
r
u r2 c y2 du c2y dy; y 0 u r2 , y r u 0] c21'r2 u du 21'0 u12 du

0
2
4 1 < 3 2 r
3 u
!
r2
41 3
3 r
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Section 6.3 Arc Lengths

6.3 ARC LENGTHS
1.
dy
dx
"
3
3 ax# b 2b
#
"#
2x ax# b 2b x
L '0 1 b ax# b 2b x# dx '0 1 b 2x# b x% dx

3
'0 a1 b x# b# dx '0 a1 b x# b dx x b
$
3
#
dx
9
4
du dx; x 0 u 1; x 4
4
9
10
"
4y
dx y% c
dy
L '1 1 b y% c
3
'1 y% b
3
"
#
"
16y
"
#
"
16y
'1 y# b
"
4y
dy '1 y# b
"
#
"c
"
dy
dx
dy
y
4
y c
3
4.
< 2 u$# "!

3
dy
"
#
"
16y
"
1#
27 c
3
"
"
4y
y# c
dx
dy
4
9
1010 c 1
3.
9
9
x L ' 1 b 4 x dx; <u 1 b 4 x
0
u 10d L '1 u"# 4 du

9
12
27
3
du
8
27
dy
dx
2.
3b
x
3
dy
"
"
c 3 c 4 9 c
#
y"# c " yc"# dx

#
dy
"
4
"
1#
"
3
"
4
9b
(c1 c 4 b 3)
1#
9b
(c2)
1#
53
6
"
y c 2 b y
"
L '1 1 b " y c 2 b y dy
4
9
"
'1 " y b 2 b y dy '1
4
9
"
#
"
#
y b
"
y
#$
"
L '1 1 b y' c
2
"
2
"
16y
'1 y' b
"
2
'1 y$ b
$c
dy y c
4
"
(16)(2)
"
16y
"
4
"
8
y
8
32
3
dy
16
4
y
4
dy '1 y$ b
#c
"
16y
'
"
#
y
4
$c
dx y' c
dy
'
"
4y
y$ c
"
3
'
dx
dy
dy
'19 y"# b yc"# dy " < 2 y$# b 2y"# *

# 3
"
y 3 b y"# 3 b 3 c " b 1 11 c
3
3
5.
dy
#
"
4c
"
32
"
4
"
8
128c1c8b4
32
123
32
347
dx
dy
6.

c
y
#
"
#y
dx
dy
348
"
4
ay% c 2 b yc% b
L '2 1 b " ay% c 2 b yc% b dy

4
3
'2 " ay% b 2 b yc% b dy

4
3
'23 ay# b yc# b# dy " '23 ay# b yc# b dy

#
"
#
y c yc"
3
"
#
"
"
8
< 27 c 3 c 3 c #
3
#
x"$ c " xc"$ dy x#$ c

4
dx
"
#
$#c
'1 x#$ b
16
"
#
$#c
L '1 1 b x#$ c
8
"
#
"
#
26 c
3
8
3
"
b #
"
#
"
6 b #
13
4
$#c
dy
dx
7.
"
#
16
dx
16
dx
#
'1 x"$ b " xc"$ dx '1 x"$ b " xc"$ dx
4
4
8
4
(4xb4)
"
"
4 (1bx)
(1 b x)# c
'0 (1 b x)# b
2
(1bx)
4
(1bx)
4
#c
(1bx)
16
#c
'0 (1 b x)# b
%c
"
#
"
#
(1bx)
16
99
8
"
"
4 (1bx)
dy (1 b x)% c
dx
'0 (1 b x)% b
(32 b 4 c 3)
x# b 2x b 1 c
L '0 1 b (1 b x)% c
2
3
8
%c
x# b 2x b 1 c
dy
dx
ca2 2% b 2# b c (2 b 1)d
"
#
"
16(1bx)
dx
dx
dx
dx; cu 1 b x du dx; x 0 u 1, x 2 u 3d
L '1 u# b " uc# du u c " uc" 9 c

4
3
4
3
"
1 b asec% y c 1b dy '
1c
1%
ctan yd c1% 1 c (c1) 2
108c1c4b3
12
106
12
53
6
4
4
sec# y dy
3x% c 1 dy 3x% c 1
dx
2
3 x
3
1 b a3x% c 1b dx '
c"
c#
3
3
cc1 c (c2)$ d
L'
dy
dx
"
"
c 3 c 4
L'
10.
"
1#
sec% y c 1 dx sec% y c 1
dy
1
dx
dy
1c
9.
8.
3
8
<2x%$ b x#$ )
"
3
8
< 3 x%$ b 3 x#$ "

4
8
3
3
3 x# dx
(c" b 8)
7 3
3

11. (a)
dy
dx
(b)
2x dy 4x#
dx
L ' 1 1 b dy dx
dx
#
' 1 1 b 4x# dx
2
(c) L 6.13
12. (a)
dy
dx
L'
dx
dy
0
3
1c
(c) L 2.06
13. (a)
(b)
sec# x dy sec% x
dx
1 b sec% x dx
(b)
cos y dx cos# y
dy
L '0 1 b cos# y dy
1
(c) L 3.82
a1 c y# b
c"#
y
a1 c y b
#
1 b
1 2
1 2
dy '
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
(b)
"
1 c y dy
#
'
L'
y
1cy
c 1y y dx
dy
c
dx
dy
14. (a)
dy
(c) L 1.05
15. (a) 2y b 2 2
dx
dy
dx (y b 1)#
dy
(b)
L ' 1 1 b (y b 1)# dy
3
(c) L 9.29
349
350
16. (a)
dy
dx
(b)
cos x - cos x + x sin x dy x# sin# x

dx
L '0 1 b x# sin# x dx
1
(c) L 4.70
(b)
tan x dy tan# x
dx
6
x b cos x
cos x
dx
'0 sec x dx
6
'0
L '0 1 b tan# x dx '0 sin
dy
dx
17. (a)
dx
cos x
(c) L 0.55
(b)
sec# y c 1 dx sec# y c 1
dy
L'
1c
1 b asec# y c 1b dy
ksec yk dy '
4
3
1c
'
dx
dy
18. (a)
1c
(c) L 2.20
sec y dy
"
19. (a) dy corresponds to 4x here, so take
dx
So y x from (" ") to (4 2).
dy
dx
"
.
# x
as
Then y x b C and since (" ") lies on the curve, C 0.
(b) Only one. We know the derivative of the function and the value of the function at one value of x.
So y
"
y
here, so take
dy
dx
"
y
as
20. (a) dx corresponds to

dy
"
. Then x c y b C and, since (! ") lies on the curve, C 1
"
"cx.
(b) Only one. We know the derivative of the function and the value of the function at one value of x.
21. y '0 cos2t dt
x
1 b cos2x dx '0
#
14
1 b cos2x dx '
14
2cos2 x dx
2cos x dx 2csin xd 14 2sin 1 c 2sina!b 1

0
4
3
4
c 31
2 2
2 3 1 2
3
2
c 1 dx '2 4 x1 3 dx '2 4 x1 3 dx '2 4 xc13 dx

2
1
1
x2 3
L '2 4 1 b c a1 cxx1 3 b dx
2 23
4
total length 8 3 6
4
3
2
"
<x23
2 4
dx '2 4 1 b
1 c x 2 3 1
x1 3
3 a1b23 c 3
2
2
12
3 1 c x23 c 2 xc13 c
2
3
1 c x2
x2 3
dy
dx
'2 4 1 b
x1
3 2 2
, 4
22. y 1 c x23
1
14
14
cos2x L '0
'0
dy
dx

23. y 3 c 2x, 0 x 2
dy
dx
351
c2 L '0 1 b ac2b# dx '0 5 dx 5 x 25.

2
d a2 c 0b b a3 c ac1bb 25
2
24. Consider the circle x2 b y2 r2 , we will find the length of the portion in the first quadrant, and multiply our result by 4.
y r2 c x2 , 0 x r
4'0
r
r2 c x 2
dx 4r'0
25. 9x2 yay c 3b2

dx
ay c 1b b 1dy2
4y
26. 4x2 c y2 64
cx
r2 cx 2
L 4'0 1 b cx 2 dx 4'0 1 b
r2 c x
r
d
dy yay
y2 c 2y b 1 b 4y
dy2
4y
c y2
dx2 b 4x dx dx2 b
y
16x2
2
y2 dx
r
dx 4'0 r2 c x2 dx
r
ay c 3 b2 ay c 1 b 2
dy2
36x2
b dy2
dx
dy
ay c 3bay c 1b
6x
ay c 3 b2 ay c 1b 2
dy2
4yayc3b2
b dy2
ay b 1 b 2
2
4y dy
d
dx 64
8x c 2y dy 0
dx
1 b
16x2
2
y2 dx
dy
dx
4x
y
y2 b 16x2
dx2
y2
4x2 c 64 b 16x2
dx2
y2
dy
27. 2 x '0 1 b dy dt, x 0 2 1 b dx
dt
#
x2
r2 c x 2
dx
c 3b2 18x dy 2yay c 3b b ay c 3b2 3ay c 3bay c 1b
ba
ds2 dx2 b dy2 ay c 36xy c 1b dy b dy2
d
2
dx 4x
dx
r2 c x 2
d
2
dy 9x
ay c 3bay c 1b
dy;
6x
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
4x
y dx;
ds2 dx2 b dy2
20x2 c 64
dx2
y2
4
2
y2 a5x
c 16bdx2
1 y f(x) x b C where C is any real
number.
28. (a) From the accompanying figure and definition of the
differential (change along the tangent line) we see that
dy f w (xk 1 ) xk length of kth tangent fin is
( xk )# b (dy)# ( xk )# b [f w (xk 1 ) xk ]# .
c
(b) Length of curve n lim ! (length of kth tangent fin) n lim ! ( xk )# b [f w (xk 1 ) xk ]#
_
_
c
k 1
n lim ! 1 b [f w (xk 1 )]# xk 'a 1 b [f w (x)]# dx

_
b
k 1
k 1
29. x2 b y2 1 y 1 c x2 ; P 0, 1 , 1 , 3 , 1 L ! axi c xic1 b2 b ayi c yic1 b2 1 c 0 b

4 2 4
4
k 1
23
15 2
4
3
b 4 c
1 2
2
47
b 1 c
#
1 2
4
3 2
2
2
b 1 c 3 b 0 c
4
30. Let ax1 , y1 b and ax2 , y2 b, with x2 x1 , lie on y m x b b, where m

#
y2 c y1
x2 c x1 ,
then
dy
dx
7 2
4
m L 'x 1 b m# dx
x2
1
ax2 c x1 b ax2 c x1 b# b ay2 c y1 b# .
c 1
1.55225
ba
1 b m# c xd x2 1 b m# ax2 c x1 b 1 b y2 c y1 ax2 c x1 b ax2 c x1xb c x yb2 c y1 b ax2 c x1 b
x1
x2 c x1
a
#
ax 2 c x 1 b b a y 2 c y 1 b
ax 2 c x 1 b
15
4

#
3x12 ; Laxb '0 1 b <3t12 dt '0 1 b 9t dt; u 1 b 9t du 9dt, t 0 u 1,
x
dy
dx
t x u 1 b 9x]
32. y
x3
3
b x2 b x b
1
4x b 4
1
9
10
2
2
2
2
2
'11b9x u du 27 < u32 1b9x 27 a1 b 9xb32 c 27 ; La1b 27 a10b32 c 27 210 27 c 1
1
dy
dx
Laxb '0 1 b at b 1b2 c

x
'0 16at b 1b
x
'0
4atb1b4 b 1
4 at b 1 b 2
'1
x b1
La1b
8
3
x2 b 2x b 1 c
#
1
4 at b 1 b 2
b 16at b 1b8 c 8at b 1b4 b "

16at b 1b4
dt '0 at b 1b2 b
x
1
12
1
;
4 ax b 1 b 2
b b8 tb
dt '0 16at b 116at ba1b4 1b
x
1
4 at b 1 b 2
b"
dt '0
x
<4atb1b4 c 1
16at b 1b4
<4atb1b4 b 1
16at b 1b4
dt
dt
dt; u t b 1 du dt, t 0 u 1, t x u x b 1
x b1
1
8
ax b 1b2 c
b
dt '0 1 b 4a4tat 1b 1c 1 dt '0 1 b
b b2
1 c2
1 3
1 c1
2
u b 4 u du < 3 u c 4 u 1
1
4 ax b 1 b 2
31. y 2x32
352
1
3 ax b 1b3 c
1
4 ax b 1 b
c 1 c 1 1 ax b 1b3 c
3
4
3
59
24
33-38. Example CAS commands:

Maple:
with( plots );
with( Student[Calculus1] );
with( student );
f := x -> sqrt(1-x^2);a := -1;
b := 1;
N := [2, 4, 8 ];
for n in N do
xx := [seq( a+i*(b-a)/n, i=0..n )];
pts := [seq([x,f(x)],x=xx)];
L := simplify(add( distance(pts[i+1],pts[i]), i=1..n ));
T := sprintf("#33(a) (Section 6.3)\nn=%3d L=%8.5f\n", n, L );
P[n] := plot( [f(x),pts], x=a..b, title=T ):
end do:
display( [seq(P[n],n=N)], insequence=true, scaling=constrained );
L := ArcLength( f(x), x=a..b, output=integral ):
L = evalf( L );
# (b)
# (a)
# (c)
33-38. Example CAS commands:

Mathematica: (assigned function and values for a, b, and n may vary)
Clear[x, f]
{a, b} = {c1, 1}; f[x_] = Sqrt[1 c x2 ]
p1 = Plot[f[x], {x, a, b}]
n = 8;
pts = Table[{xn, f[xn]}, {xn, a, b, (b c a)/n}]/ / N
Show[{p1,Graphics[{Line[pts]}]}]
Sum[ Sqrt[ (pts[[i b 1, 1]] c pts[[i, 1]])2 b (pts[[i b 1, 2]] c pts[[i, 2]])2 ], {i, 1, n}]
NIntegrate[ Sqrt[ 1 b f'[x]2 ],{x, a, b}]
1
4 ax b 1 b
1
12 ;
Section 6.4 Areas of Surfaces of Revolution

6.4 AREAS OF SURFACES OF REVOLUTION
1.
(a)
dy
dx
(b)
sec# x dy sec% x
dx
S 21'0
(tan x) 1 b sec% x dx
(c) S 3.84
2. (a)
dy
dx
(b)
2x dy 4x2
dx
S 21'0 x# 1 b 4x# dx
2
(c) S 53.23
"
y
dx
dy
"
dx
c y dy
#
S 21'1
"
y
"
y
(b)
3. (a) xy 1 x
1 b yc% dy
(c) S 5.02
4. (a)
dx
dy
cos y dx cos# y
dy
(b)
S 21'0 (sin y) 1 b cos# y dy

1
(c) S 14.42
#
5. (a) x"# b y"# 3 y 3 c x"#
dy 2 3 c x"# c " xc"#
#
dx
#
dy 1 c 3xc"#
dx
(b)
#
#
S 21'1 3 c x"# 1 b a1 c 3xc"# b dx
4
(c) S 63.37
353
354

#
1 b yc"# dx 1 b yc"#
dy
dx
dy
6. (a)
(b)
#
S 21 '1 y b 2y 1 b a1 b yc"# b dx
2
(c) S 51.33
(b)
tan y dx tan# y
dy
dx
dy
7. (a)
S 21'0 '0 tan t dt 1 b tan# y dy

3
21'0 '0 tan t dt sec y dy

3
(c) S 2.08
(b)
x# c 1 dy x# c 1
dx
dy
dx
8. (a)
S 21'1 '1 t# c 1 dt 1 b ax# c 1b dx

5
21'1 '1 t# c 1 dt x dx
5
(c) S 8.55
x
#
15
#
dy
dx
" ; S 'a 21y 1 b dy dx S '0 21 x 1 b

#
dx
#
"
4
dx
15
#
'04 x dx
x 2y
x
#
Lateral surface area
10. y
x 415; Geometry formula: base circumference 21(2), slant height 4# b 2# 25

#
#
9. y
dx
dy
"
#
(41) 25 415 in agreement with the integral value
2; S 'c 21x 1 b dx dy '0 21 2y1 b 2# dy 415 '0 y dy 215 cy# d !

dy
#
215 4 815; Geometry formula: base circumference 21(4), slant height 4# b 2# 25

Lateral surface area " (81) 25 815 in agreement with the integral value
#
dy
dx
" ; S 'a 21y1 b dy dx '1 21

#
dx
#
(x b 1)
#
1 b " # dx
#
15
#
'13 (x b 1) dx
15
#
x b x
#
#
11.
$
"
15
#
< 9 b 3 c " b 1 1 # 5 (4 b 2) 315; Geometry formula: r" " b " 1, r# 3 b " 2,
#
#
#
#
#
#
slant height (2 c 1)# b (3 c 1)# 5 Frustum surface area 1(r" b r# ) slant height 1(1 b 2)5
315 in agreement with the integral value

12. y
x
#
"
#
x 2y c 1
dx
dy
dx
2; S 'c 21x 1 b dy dy '1 21(2y c 1)1 b 4 dy 215 '1 (2y c 1) dy
d
215 cy# c yd " 215 [(4 c 2) c (1 c 1)] 415; Geometry formula: r" 1, r# 3,

slant height (2 c 1)# b (3 c 1)# 5 Frustum surface area 1(1 b 3)5 415 in agreement with
the integral value
du
4
9
25 9
"
#
S '3 4 21x 1 b
15 4
"
4x
15 4
" $#
4
41
3
(8 c 1)
dy
dx
" (2 c 2x)
# 2x c x
15.
15
4
dx
" $#
"&%
$%
41
3
$
4
2
dy
dx
(1 c x)
2x c x
3
4
c 1
281
3
1cx
2x c x
41
3
#&*
" $#
dx 21 2 x b 4
3
"
4
dx;
"
4x
xc"# dy
dx
21'3 4 x b
dx;
u$# "
S '0 5 212x c x# 1 b
15
21'0 5 2x c x#
(1 c x)
2x c x
2x c x b 1 c 2x b x
2x c x
15
21'0 5 dx 21[x]"& 21
!&
dy
dx
1 <2
"
4 du # 3
1 125c27
981
3
27
81
u"#
125 c 1
27
x
9
x
9
25
9
dx
14.
1
3
1 b
du
x 0 u 1, x 2 u
S 21 '1
"
4
x$ dx
21 x
9
x
9
u 1 b
S '0
x
9
dy
dx
x
3
dy
dx
13.
dx
15
dy
dx
"
4(x b 1)
S '1 21x b 1 1 b
5
21 2 x b
3
17.
41
3
1
6
dx
dy
"
4
&
5 $#
4
"
dx 21'1 x b
5
41
3
$#
$#
25 c 9
4
4
(125 c 27)
981
6
5
4
dx
5 $#
5 $#
5 b 4 c 1 b 4
41
3
5 c
2
3
2
491
3
y# dx y% S '0
dy
#
<u 1 b y% du 4y$ dy
"
4
21 y
3
dx
21'1 (x b 1) b
"
4(x b 1)
"
2 x b 1
dy
dx
16.
1 b y% dy;
du y$ dy; y 0
"
u 1, y 1 u 2d S '1 21 " u"# 4 du
3
2
1
6
2
'12 u"# du 1 < 3 u$# # 1 8 c 1
6
9
"
355
356
18. x " y$# c y"# 0, when 1 y 3. To get positive

3
area, we take x c " y$# c y"#
3
dx
dy
c " y"# c yc"# dx

#
dy
"
4
ay c 2 b yc" b
"
S c '1 21 " y$# c y"# 1 b 4 ay c 2 b yc" b dy
3
3
"
"
c21'1 3 y$# c y"# 4 ay b 2 b yc" b dy
3
dx
dy
5 5
8
81
3
40
"
2yc1
dx
dy
41 2
3
"
212 < 2 y$# &)

3
5 c5 5
15 $#
4
$#
"
9
"
3
b 1
(4 c y) b 1 dy
1
5 $#
c 5$# c 83 4 c 5$#
41 2
3
1 c
dy 21'5 8 (2y c 1) b 1 dy 21'5 8 2 y"# dy

1
"
2y c 1
5 5
8 8
"
2yc1
41 2
3
"
21. S 21'1 2 2y c 1 1 b 2yc1 dy 21 '1 2 2y c 1 1 b
1
15 4
c 1 c1 c3 c
3515
3
S '5 8 212y c 1 1 b
5
1$# c 8
dy 41'0
"
4cy
21 24 c y 1 b
1
5 c y dy c41 < 2 (5 c y)$# "&% c 83 5 c
3
!
5 5 c
"
2y c 1
15 4
"
3
c5
82 82 2
2
1
12
162 c 55
2y
dy 21'1 2 2y c 1 2yc1 dy
1
20.
81
3
S '0
"
4 cy
15 4
dx
dy
c 3 c " c
9
9
3
41 '0
"
c"
4 cy
c y c1 < 27 c
9
161
9
y
3
"
dy c1 '1 3 y c 1 (y b 1) dy
"
y
dx
dy
y c 1 dy c1 y c
9
c 1 (c18 c 1 b 3)
9
19.
"
dy c1'1 y"# 3 y c 1 y"# b
2
3
#"
c1'1 " y# c
3
by
#
# #"c
ay
#"
c21'1 " y$# c y"#

3
1
3
21 '1 2 2y dy 22 1 '1 2 y dy 22 1 < 2 y32 1 2 22 1 2 13 c 2 " 9 22 1 2 c
#
3
3
3
3
1
2
22 1 2 c1
3 2
dy xx# b 2 dx ds 1 b a2x# b x% b dx S 21'0 x 1 b 2x# b x% dx
"
16y
b 1 dy y' b
dy; S '1 21y ds 21'1 y y$ b

2
c sin x dy sin# x S 21 '

dx
aa# c x# b
x
aa c x b
#
S 21' a a# c x# 1 b
c"#
21a[a c (ca)] (21a)(2a) 41a#
"
#
(c2x)
cx
a c x
2
2
4
2
21 4 b 2 41
"
16y
dy
dy 21'1 y% b " yc# dy

4
2
(8 31 b 5)
2531
20
(cos x) 1 b sin# x dx
#
dy
dx
x
aa c x b
dx 21' a aa# c x# b b x# dx 21' a a dx 21a[x]a a

a
dy
dx
25. y a# c x#
dy
dx
1c
24. y cos x
21
40
"
#
&
"
"
"
"
"
"
21 y c 4 yc" 21 < 32 c 8 c 5 c 4 21 31 b 8
5
5
5
"
4y
x
#
"
4y
"
#
dy y$ b
b 1 dy y' c
$
"
4y
x ax# b 1b dx 21'0 ax$ b xb dx 21 x b

4
y$ b
"
4y
23. ds dx# b dy# y$ c
'
'
21'0 xax# b 1b# dx 21'0
$#
ax# b 2b
22 c 1
"
3
21
3
22. y
"
3 2

#
dy
dx
r
h
S 21 '0
r
h
x 1 b
r
h
dx 21'0
r
h
r
h
b
x h h r dx
'0h x dx 2h1r h# b r# x# h 2h1r h# b r# h# 1rh# b r#

#
b
h h r
#
#
dy
dx
21 r
h
r
h
26. y
27. The area of the surface of one wok is S 'c 21x 1 b dx dy. Now, x# b y# 16# x 16# c y#
dy
#
16
16
;S'
2116# c y# 1 b
y
16 c y
#
y
16 c y
21'
dx
dy
cy
16 c y
dx
dy
dy 21'
16
a16# c y# b b y# dy
16 dy 321 9 2881 904.78 cm# . The enamel needed to cover one surface of one wok is
V S 0.5 mm S 0.05 cm (904.78)(0.05) cm$ 45.24 cm$ . For 5000 woks, we need
5000 V 5000 45.24 cm$ (5)(45.24)L 226.2L 226.2 liters of each color are needed.
x
R cx
#
; S 21'a
dx
a h
R# c x# 1 b
x
R cx
dx 21Rh
45
22 5
(21)(45)(67.5) 60751 square feet

(b) 19,085 square feet
31. (a) An equation of the tangent line segment is
(see figure) y f(mk ) b f w (mk )(x c mk ).
When x xk 1 we have
r" f(mk ) b f w (mk )(x 1 c mk )
f(mk ) b f w (mk ) c ?#xk f(mk ) c f w (mk )
dx
dy
y
45 c y
a45# c y# b b y# dy 21 45'
45
22 5
dy 21 '
cy
45 cy
dx
dy
y
45 c y
dx
dy
21 45# c y# 1 b
x
r cx
22 5
r# c x# 1 b
45
a h
dy
c5
when x xk we have
r# f(mk ) b f w (mk )(x c mk )
f(mk ) b f w (mk ) ?xk ;
#
?x k
#
(b) L# (?xk )# b (r# c r" )#

k
c cf w (mk ) ?#xk
(?xk )# b [f w (mk )?xk ]# Lk (?xk )# b [f w (mk )?xk ]# , as claimed
(c) From geometry it is a fact that the lateral surface area of the frustum obtained by revolving the tangent
(?xk )# b <f w (mk )
?x k
#
line segment about the x-axis is given by ?Sk 1(r" b r# )Lk 1[2f(mk )] a?xk b# b [f w (mk )?xk ]#
using parts (a) and (b) above. Thus, ?Sk 21f(mk ) 1 b [f w (mk )]# ?xk .
(d) S n lim ! ?Sk n lim ! 21f(mk ) 1 b [f w (mk )]# ?xk 'a 21f(x) 1 b [f w (x)]# dx
_
_
k 1
k 1
n
2
1 c x#$ "# c 3 xc"$ c
dy
dx
1 cx
x
"
x
$#
1 b x " c 1 dx 41'0 1 c x#$ xc#$ dx
1
$#
$#
1 c x
x
$"
S 2'0 21 1 c x#$
1
3
#
#" $#
$#
dy
dx
$#
$#
$#
32. y 1 c x#$
c1
a h
30. (a) x# b y# 45# x 45# c y#

S'
; S 21 'a
dx 21rh, which is independent of a.
cx
R c x
aR# c x# b b x# dx 21R '

a
a h
2x
R c x
x
r cx
#
c"
#
a h
dx
dy
dy
dx
cx
r c x
2x
r c x
ar# c x# b b x# dx 21r'
a
a h
29. y R# c x#
21'a
c"
#
21'a
dy
dx
28. y r# c x#
dx
357
358

$#
41'0 1 c x#$ xc"$ dx; <u 1 c x#$ du c 2 xc"$ dx c 3 du xc"$ dx;
3
2
1
!
2
2
x 0 u 1, x 1 u 0d S 41'1 u$# c 3 du c61 < 5 u&# " c61 0 c 5
#
0
121
5
6.5 WORK AND FLUID FORCES

1. The force required to stretch the spring from its natural length of 2 m to a length of 5 m is F(x) kx. The work done
by F is W '0 F(x) dx k '0 x dx
3
k
#
cx# d !
9k
# .
This work is equal to 1800 J
2. (a) We find the force constant from Hooke's Law: F kx k
F
x
800
4
9
#
k 1800 k 400 N/m
200 lb/in.
(b) The work done to stretch the spring 2 inches beyond its natural length is W '0 kx dx 200 '0 x dx 200 x
#
2
200(2 c 0) 400 in lb 33.3 ft lb

(c) We substitute F 1600 into the equation F 200x to find 1600 200x x 8 in.
#
!
3. We find the force constant from Hooke's law: F kx. A force of 2 N stretches the spring to 0.02 m 2 k (0.02)
N
4N
k 100 m . The force of 4 N will stretch the rubber band y m, where F ky y F y 100 N y 0.04 m
k
m
x dx 100 x
#
!!%
!
0.08 J
(100)(0.04)
#
kx dx 100 '0
0 04
4 cm. The work done to stretch the rubber band 0.04 m is W '0
0 04
4. We find the force constant from Hooke's law: F kx k
F
x
90
1
k 90
N
m.
The work done to stretch the
spring 5 m beyond its natural length is W '0 kx dx 90 '0 x dx 90 x (90) 25 1125 J

#
#
5
&
!
5. (a) We find the spring's constant from Hooke's law: F kx k
F
x
21,714
8 c5
21,714
3
k 7238
lb
in
(b) The work done to compress the assembly the first half inch is W '0 kx dx 7238 '0 x dx 7238 x
#
05
05
"!
!&
7238
#
c1 c (0.5)# d
6. First, we find the force constant from Hooke's law: F kx k

compresses the scale x
1 8
kx dx 2400 x
#
#
this far is W '0
in, he/she must weigh F kx

")
!
2400
264
F
x
"
2,400 8
18.75 lb in.
(7238)(0.75)
#
150
16
"
10
"
8
905 in lb. The work done to compress the assembly the second half inch is:
W '0 5 kx dx 7238 '0 5 x dx 7238 x

#
10
(7238)(0.25)
#
(7238) (0.5)
#
!&
2714 in lb
16 150 2,400
lb
in .
If someone
300 lb. The work done to compress the scale
25
16
ft lb
7. The force required to haul up the rope is equal to the rope's weight, which varies steadily and is proportional to x, the
length of the rope still hanging: F(x) 0.624x. The work done is: W '0 F(x) dx '0 0.624x dx 0.624 x
#
50
50
780 J
&!
!
8. The weight of sand decreases steadily by 72 lb over the 18 ft, at 4 lb/ft. So the weight of sand when the bag is x ft off the
ground is Faxb "%% c %x. The work done is: W 'a F(x) dx '0 a"%% c %xbdx c144x c 2x# d ! 1944 ft lb
b
18
")
9. The force required to lift the cable is equal to the weight of the cable paid out: F(x) (4.5)(180 c x) where x
is the position of the car off the first floor. The work done is: W '0
180
F(x) dx 4.5'0
180
(180 c x) dx
Section 6.5 Work and Fluid Forces
")!
!
4.5 180# c
180
#
x
#
4.5180
#
4.5 180x c
359
72,900 ft lb
k
10. Since the force is acting toward the origin, it acts opposite to the positive x-direction. Thus F(x) c x . The work done
b
k
"
" b
"
is W 'a c x dx k 'a c x dx k < x a k b c "
a
k(a c b)
ab
11. Let r the constant rate of leakage. Since the bucket is leaking at a constant rate and the bucket is rising at a constant rate,
the amount of water in the bucket is proportional to a#! c xb, the distance the bucket is being raised. The leakage rate of
the water is 0.8 lb/ft raised and the weight of the water in the bucket is F 0.8a#! c xb. So:
W '0 0.8a#! c xb dx 0.8 20x c
20
x
#
#!
!
160 ft lb.
12. Let r the constant rate of leakage. Since the bucket is leaking at a constant rate and the bucket is rising at a constant rate,
the amount of water in the bucket is proportional to a#! c xb, the distance the bucket is being raised. The leakage rate of
the water is 2 lb/ft raised and the weight of the water in the bucket is F 2a#! c xb. So:
20
x
#
W '0 2a#! c xb dx 2 20x c
#!
!
400 ft lb.
Note that since the force in Exercise 12 is 2.5 times the force in Exercise 11 at each elevation, the total work is also 2.5
times as great.
13. We will use the coordinate system given.
(a) The typical slab between the planes at y and y b ?y has
a volume of ?V (10)(12) ?y 120 ?y ft$ . The force
F required to lift the slab is equal to its weight:
F 62.4 ?V 62.4 120 ?y lb. The distance through
which F must act is about y ft, so the work done lifting
the slab is about ?W force distance
62.4 120 y ?y ft lb. The work it takes to lift all
20
the water is approximately W ! ?W

0
20
! 62.4 120y ?y ft lb. This is a Riemann sum for

0
the function 62.4 120y over the interval 0 y 20. The work of pumping the tank empty is the limit of these sums:
#!
!
(62.4)(120) 400 (62.4)(120)(200) 1,497,600 ft lb

#
5
(b) The time t it takes to empty the full tank with 11 hp motor is t
W
250 ft lb
sec
20
1,497,600 ftlb
250 ft lb
sec
W '0 62.4 120y dy (62.4)(120) y

#
5990.4 sec 1.664 hr
t 1 hr and 40 min
(c) Following all the steps of part (a), we find that the work it takes to lower the water level 10 ft is
10
(62.4)(120) 100 374,400 ft lb and the time is t

#
lb
ft :
$
1497.6 sec 0.416 hr 25 min

(d) In a location where water weighs 62.26
"!
a) W (62.26)(24,000) 1,494,240 ft lb.

b) t 1,494,240 5976.96 sec 1.660 hr t 1 hr and 40 min
250
lb
ft
In a location where water weighs 62.59
a) W (62.59)(24,000) 1,502,160 ft lb
b) t 1,502,160 6008.64 sec 1.669 hr t 1 hr and 40.1 min
250
W
250 ft lb
sec
W '0 62.4 120y dy (62.4)(120) y

#
360
14. We will use the coordinate system given.

(a) The typical slab between the planes at y and y b ?y has
a volume of ?V (20)(12) ?y 240 ?y ft$ . The force
F required to lift the slab is equal to its weight:
F 62.4 ?V 62.4 240 ?y lb. The distance through
which F must act is about y ft, so the work done lifting
the slab is about ?W force distance
20
62.4 240 y ?y ft lb. The work it takes to lift all the water is approximately W ! ?W
10
20
! 62.4 240y ?y ft lb. This is a Riemann sum for the function 62.4 240y over the interval
10
10 y 20. The work it takes to empty the cistern is the limit of these sums: W '10 62.4 240y dy
20
(62.4)(240) y
#
#
(b) t
W
275 ft lb
sec
#!
(62.4)(240)(200 c 50) (62.4)(240)(150) 2,246,400 ft lb
"!
2,246,400 ftlb
275
8168.73 sec 2.27 hours 2 hr and 16.1 min
(c) Following all the steps of part (a), we find that the work it takes to empty the tank halfway is
W '10 62.4 240y dy (62.4)(240) y
#
15
W
275 ft lb
sec
Then the time is t
936,000
#75
"&
"!
(62.4)(240) 225 c
#
100
#
(62.4)(240) 125 936,000 ft.

#
3403.64 sec 56.7 min

lb
ft :
(d) In a location where water weighs 62.26
a) W (62.26)(240)(150) 2,241,360 ft lb.

b) t 2,241,360 8150.40 sec 2.264 hours 2 hr and 15.8 min
275
c) W (62.26)(240) 125 933,900 ft lb; t 933,900 3396 sec 0.94 hours 56.6 min
#
#75
lb
ft
In a location where water weighs 62.59
a) W (62.59)(240)(150) 2,253,240 ft lb.

b) t 2,253,240 8193.60 sec 2.276 hours 2 hr and 16.56 min
275
c) W (62.59)(240) 125 938,850 ft lb; t 938,850 3414 sec 0.95 hours 56.9 min
#
275
#
15. The slab is a disk of area 1x# 1 y , thickness y, and height below the top of the tank a"! c yb. So the work to pump
#
#
the oil in this slab, W, is 57a"! c yb1 y . The work to pump all the oil to the top of the tank is
#
571
#
4 a"!y
c y$ bdy
571
4
"!y c
$
$
10
y
%
W '0
"!
!
11,8751 ft lb 37,306 ft lb.

#
16. Each slab of oil is to be pumped to a height of 14 ft. So the work to pump a slab is a"% c yba1b y and since the tank is
#
y
%
&!!
$
571 "%y
4 $
&!!
"
$ 1 y y y &!! ft. So W '0
%
#
#&!1
'
ft3 , half the volume
with half the volume the cone is filled to a height y,
#&!1
$
half full and the volume of the original cone is V " 1r# h " 1a&# ba"!b
$
$
#&!1
'
571
#
4 a"%y
ft3 , and
c y$ b dy
60,042 ft lb.
#
17. The typical slab between the planes at y and and y b ?y has a volume of ?V 1(radius)# (thickness) 1 20 ?y
#
1 100 ?y ft$ . The force F required to lift the slab is equal to its weight: F 51.2 ?V 51.2 1001 ?y lb
F 51201 ?y lb. The distance through which F must act is about (30 c y) ft. The work it takes to lift all the
30
30
kerosene is approximately W ! ?W ! 51201(30 c y) ?y ft lb which is a Riemann sum. The work to pump the
0
tank dry is the limit of these sums: W '0 51201(30 c y) dy 51201 30y c
30
7,238,229.48 ft lb
y
#
$!
!
51201 900 (5120)(4501)

#
10y c
3
y
4
64.51
4
64.51
4
1038 c
$
64.518
3
(10 c y)y# dy
8
4
64.51
4
W '0
lb
ft
lb
ft .
for 57
18. (a) Follow all the steps of Example 5 but make the substitution of 64.5
361
Then,
64.51 a8$ b 10 c 2
4
3
21.51 8$ 34,582.65 ft lb
(b) Exactly as done in Example 5 but change the distance through which F acts to distance (13 c y) ft. Then
13y c
3
$
571
4
y
4
(13 c y)y# dy
(191) a8# b (7)(2) 53,482.5 ft lb
571
4
1338 c
$
571
4
8
4
571 a8$ b 13 c 2
4
3
5718 7
3 4
$
W '0
19. The typical slab between the planes at y and yb?y has a volume of about ?V 1(radius)# (thickness) 1 y ?y ft$ .
#
The force F(y) required to lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y) 73 ?V 731 y ?y 731 y ?y lb. The
distance through which F(y) must act to lift the slab to the top of the reservoir is about a4 c yb ft, so the work done is
approximately ?W 731 y a4 c yb?y ft lb. The work done lifting all the slabs from y 0 ft to y 4 ft is
n
approximately W ! 731 yk a4 c yk b?y ft lb. Taking the limit of these Riemann sums as n _, we get
k 0
4
4
4
W '0 731 y a4 c ybdy 731'0 a4y c y2 bdy 731 <2y# c 1 y$ 0 73132 c 64 23361 ft lb.
3
3
3
20. The typical slab between the planes at y and yb?y has a volume of about ?V (length)(width)(thickness)
225 c y2 a10b ?y ft$ . The force F(y) required to lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y) 53 ?V
53225 c y2 a10b ?y 106025 c y2 ?y lb. The distance through which F(y) must act to lift the slab to the
level of 15 m above the top of the reservoir is about a20 c yb ft, so the work done is approximately
?W 106025 c y2 a20 c yb?y ft lb. The work done lifting all the slabs from y c5 ft to y 5 ft is
n
approximately W ! 106025 c y2 a20 c yk b?y ft lb. Taking the limit of these Riemann sums as n _, we get
k
k 0
W ' 5 106025 c y2 a20 c ybdy 1060' 5 a20 c yb25 c y2 dy 1060' 5 20 25 c y2 dy c ' 5 y 25 c y2 dy

5
To evaluate the first integral, we use we can interpret ' 5 25 c y2 dy as the area of the semicircle whose radius is 5, thus
5
' 55 2025 c y2 dy 20' 55 25 c y2 dy 20< " 1a5b2 2501. To evaluate the second integral let u 25 c y2
#
5
0
du c2y dy; y c5 u 0, y 5 u 0, thus ' 5 y 25 c y2 dy c " '0 u du 0. Thus,
#
c
1060' 5 20 25 c y2 dy c ' 5 y 25 c y2 dy 1060a2501 c 0b 2650001 832522 ft lb.

5
21. The typical slab between the planes at y and yb?y has a volume of about ?V 1(radius)# (thickness)
#
1 25 c y# ?y m$ . The force F(y) required to lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y) 9800 ?V
#
98001 25 c y# ?y 98001 a25 c y# b ?y N. The distance through which F(y) must act to lift the
slab to the level of 4 m above the top of the reservoir is about (4 c y) m, so the work done is approximately
?W 98001 a25 c y# b (4 c y) ?y N m. The work done lifting all the slabs from y c5 m to y 0 m is
0
approximately W ! 98001 a25 c y# b (4 c y) ?y N m. Taking the limit of these Riemann sums, we get
5
2525
#
4
3
125 b
625
4
c98001 c500 c
25
#
4
y# c 3 y$ b
15,073,099.75 J
22. The typical slab between the planes at y and yb?y has a volume of about ?V 1(radius)# (thickness)
#
1 100 c y# ?y 1 a100 c y# b ?y ft$ . The force is F(y) 56 lb ?V 561 a100 c y# b ?y lb. The
ft
$
distance through which F(y) must act to lift the slab to the level of 2 ft above the top of the tank is about
y
4
W ' 5 98001 a25 c y# b (4 c y) dy 98001 ' 5 a100 c 25y c 4y# b y$ b dy 98001 100y c
0
!
c&
362
(12 c y) ft, so the work done is ?W 561 a100 c y# b (12 c y) ?y lb ft. The work done lifting all the slabs
10
from y 0 ft to y 10 ft is approximately W ! 561 a100 c y# b (12 c y) ?y lb ft. Taking the limit of these
0
Riemann sums, we get W '0 561 a100 c y b (12 c y) dy 561'0 a100 c y# b (12 c y) dy
10
10
561 12,000 c
10,000
#
c 4 1000 b
10,000
4
100y
#
561'0 a1200 c 100y c 12y# b y$ b dy 561 1200C c
12y
3
y
4
10
"!
!
(561) 12 c 5 c 4 b 5 (1000) 967,611 ft lb.

#
It would cost (0.5)(967,611) 483,805 $4838.05. Yes, you can afford to hire the firm.
by the chain rule W 'x mv
weight
32
3#
"
#56
dv
dx
dx m < " v# (x) x

#
x
"
"
slugs; W # #56 slugs (160 ft/sec)# 50 ft lb
mi
1 hr
1
25. 90 mph 90 hr 60 min 60min 5280 ft 132 ft/sec; m
1
sec
1 mi
0.3125 lb
W " 32 ft/sec (132 ft/sec)# 85.1 ft lb
#
0.3125 lb
32 ft/sec
#
lb; mass
2
16
dx m'x v
#
#
mv# c " mv" , as claimed.
#
"
24. weight 2 oz
"
#
dv
dx
"
m cv# (x# ) c v (x" )d
"
dv
dx
#
"
#
mv
"
dv
dt
23. F m
0.3125
32
slugs;
ft
27. v1 0 mph 0 sec , v2 153 mph 224.4
W 'x Faxb dx
#
x
"
28. weight 6.5 oz
"
#
mv#
#
"
#
#
mv1
lb m
6.5
16
"
3 #0
slugs; W " 3"0 slugs (280 ft/sec)# 122.5 ft lb

#
#
2 oz 0.125 lb m
ft
sec ;
2
" "
# 256 a224.4b
6.5
(16)(32)
2
" "
# 256 a!b
0.125 lb
32 ft/sec
0.1 lb
32 ft/sec
26. weight 1.6 oz 0.1 lb m
"
256
slugs;
98.35 ft-lb.
6.5
slugs; W " (16)(32) slugs (132 ft/sec)# 110.6 ft lb
#
29. We imagine the milkshake divided into thin slabs by planes perpendicular to the y-axis at the points of a partition of the
interval [! (]. The typical slab between the planes at y and y b ?y has a volume of about?V 1(radius)# (thickness)
#
17.5
1 y b14 ?y in$ . The force F(y) required to lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y)
4
9
?V
41
9
17.5
y b14 ?y oz.
The distance through which F(y) must act to lift this slab to the level of 1 inch above the top is about (8 c y) in. The work
17.5
1
done lifting the slab is about ?W 49 ay b14 b a8 c yb?y in oz. The work done lifting all the slabs from y 0 to
#
41
914
(y b 17.5)# (8 c y) ?y in oz which is a Riemann sum. The work is the limit of these
sums as the norm of the partition goes to zero: W '0
dr 1000 MG '6 370 000
35 780 000
1000 MG
r
35 780 000
y# b 2450y
(
!
7 b 2450 7 91.32 in oz
30. Work '6 370 000
26.25
#
c97 c
26.25
#
c y c 9y$ c
4
"
(1000) a5.975 10#% b a6.672 10c"" b 6,370,000 c
$&()!!!!
1000 MG <c " '$(!!!!

r
dr
r
#
7
4
41
914
1
'07 a2450 c 26.25y c 27y# c y$ bdy 9414
41
914
ay b 17.5b# a8 c ybdy
41
914
y 7 is approximately W !
"
35,780,000
5.144 10"! J
31. To find the width of the plate at a typical depth y, we first find an equation for the line of the plate's
right-hand edge: y x c 5. If we let x denote the width of the right-hand half of the triangle at depth y, then
x 5 b y and the total width is L(y) 2x 2(5 b y). The depth of the strip is (cy). The force exerted by the
w(cy) L(y) dy '
water against one side of the plate is therefore F '
62.4 (cy) 2(5 b y) dy

5
124.8 '
c#
ac5y c y# b dy 124.8 <c 5 y# c " y$ c& 124.8 <c 5 4 b

#
3
#
(124.8) 105
#
117
3
(124.8) 315 c 234

6
"
3
8 c c 5 25 b
#
"
3
363
125
1684.8 lb
32. An equation for the line of the plate's right-hand edge is y x c 3 x y b 3. Thus the total width is
L(y) 2x 2(y b 3). The depth of the strip is (2 c y). The force exerted by the water is
0
9
#
b 9 (c124.8) c 27 1684.8 lb
#
(c124.8) c18 c
y
#
y
3
F ' 3 w(2 c y)L(y) dy ' 3 62.4 (2 c y) 2(3 b y) dy 124.8' 3 a6 c y c y# b dy 124.8 6y c
!
c$
strip
33. (a) The width of the strip is Layb 4, the depth of the strip is a10 c yb F 'a w depth Faybdy
b
y
#
'0 62.4a10 c yba4bdy 249.6'0 a10 c ybdy 249.610y c
249.630 c 9 6364.8 lb
2
0
strip
(b) The width of the strip is Layb 3, the depth of the strip is a10 c yb F 'a w depth Faybdy
b
y
#
'0 62.4a10 c yba3bdy 187.2'0 a10 c ybdy 187.210y c
187.2a40 c 8b 5990.4 lb
0
strip
34. The width of the strip is Layb 225 c y2 , the depth of the strip is a6 c yb F 'a w depth Faybdy
b
'0 62.4a6 c yb225 c y2 dy 124.8'0 a6 c yb25 c y2 dy 124.8'0 6 25 c y2 dy c '0 y 25 c y2 dy

5
To evaluate the first integral, we use we can interpret '0 25 c y2 dy as the area of a quarter circle whose radius is 5, thus
5
"
'05 625 c y2 dy 6'05 25 c y2 dy 6< 4 1a5b2 751 . To evaluate the second integral let u 25 c y2
2
du c2y dy; y 0 u 25, y 5 u 0, thus '0 y 25 c y2 dy c " '25 u du

#
5
25
1 <u32 0
3
125
3 .
Thus, 124.8'0 6 25 c y2 dy c '0 y 25 c y2 dy 124.8 751 c

2
5
125
3
"
#
'025 u12 du
9502.7 lb.
35. Using the coordinate system of Exercise 32, we find the equation for the line of the plate's right-hand edge to be
y 2x c 4 x y b 4 and L(y) 2x y b 4. The depth of the strip is (1 c y).
#
0
(b) F (c64.0) (c4)(4) c
(3)(16)
#
64
3
(c62.4) c16 c 24 b
64
3
(c64.0)(c120 b 64)
3
(c62.4) (c4)(4) c
(3)(16)
#
64
3
(c62.4)(c120 b 64)
3
1164.8 lb
1194.7 lb
36. Using the coordinate system given, we find an equation for

the line of the plate's right-hand edge to be y c2x b 4
x 4cy and L(y) 2x 4 c y. The depth of the
#
strip is (1 c y) F '0 w(1 c y)(4 c y) dy
1
(62.4) " c
3
5
#
5y
#
62.4'0 ay# c 5y b 4b dy 62.4 y c

3
b 4 (62.4) 2 c 15 b 24
6
b 4y
"
!
(62.4)(11)
6
114.4 lb
3y
#
y
3
(a) F ' 4 w(1 c y)L(y) dy ' 4 62.4 (1 c y)(y b 4) dy 62.4 ' 4 a4 c 3y c y# b dy 62.4 4y c
!
c%
364
37. Using the coordinate system given in the accompanying

figure, we see that the total width is L(y) 63 and the depth
of the strip is (33.5 c y) F '0 w(33.5 c y)L(y) dy
33
64
(33.5 c y) 63 dy 12 (63)'0 (33.5 c y) dy
33
(64)(63)(33)(67 c 33)
(#) a12 b
$
y
#
64
12 (63) 33.5y c
$$
!
64#63 (33.5)(33) c
1
$
64
1#
33
#
33
'0
1309 lb
38. Using the coordinate system given in the accompanying

figure, we see that the right-hand edge is x 1 c y#
so the total width is L(y) 2x 21 c y# and the depth
of the strip is (cy). The force exerted by the water is
therefore F ' 1 w (cy) 21 c y# dy
0
$#
62.4' 1 1 c y# d a1 c y# b 62.4 2 a1 c y# b
3
0
39. (a) F 62.4
lb
ft3 a8
!
c"
(62.4) 2 (1 c 0) 41.6 lb
3
ftba25 ft2 b 12480 lb
strip
(b) The width of the strip is Layb 5, the depth of the strip is a8 c yb F 'a w depth Faybdy
b
y
#
'0 62.4a8 c yba5bdy 312'0 a8 c ybdy 3128y c
31240 c
0
25
2
8580 lb
(c) The width of the strip is Layb 5, the depth of the strip is a8 c yb, the height of the strip is 2 dy
b
40
3122 2 c
25
4
52
62.4a8 c yba5b2 dy 3122 '0
a8 c ybdy 3122 8y c
2 3
strip
F 'a w depth Faybdy '0
b
93.6
3 12y 3
c 3y2 c y2 3 b
2
62.4a6 c yb 3 23 c y 3 dy
4
2 3
y3
3 0
93.6
3 72
93.6
3
'02
2
3
123 c 6y c 2y3 b y2 dy
c 36 c 123 b 83 1571.04 lb
(a) The depth of the strip is (2 c y) so the force exerted by the liquid on the gate is F '0 w(2 c y)L(y) dy
1
"
'0 50(2 c y) 2y dy 100 '0 (2 c y)y dy 100'0 2y"# c y$# dy 100 < 4 y$# c 2 y&# !
3
5
1
100 4 c 2 100 (20 c 6) 93.33 lb

3
5
15
2
(b) We need to solve 160 '0 w(H c y) 2y dy for h. 160 100 2H c 5 H 3 ft
3
1
42. Suppose that h is the maximum height. Using the coordinate system given in the text, we find an equation for
2
4
the line of the end plate's right-hand edge is y 5 x x 5 y. The total width is L(y) 2x 5 y and the
#
depth of the typical horizontal strip at level y is (h c y). Then the force is F '0 w(h c y)L(y) dy Fmax ,
h
where Fmax 6667 lb. Hence, Fmax w'0 (h c y) 4 y dy (62.4) 4 '0 ahy c y# b dy
5
5
h
(62.4) 4 h c
5
#
$
h
3
y
3
dy
41. The coordinate system is given in the text. The right-hand edge is x y and the total width is L(y) 2x 2y.
(62.4) 4 hy c
5
#
5 2
9722.3
40. The width of the strip is Layb 3 23 c y, the depth of the strip is a6 c yb, the height of the strip is
4
y
#
52
strip
F 'a w depth Faybdy '0
3
(62.4) 4 " h$ (10.4) 4 h$ h 5 Fmax
5
6
5
4
10.4
Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass

3
5 6667 9.288 ft. The volume of water which the tank can hold is V
4
10.4
Height h and
"
#
(Base)
2
5
h V
2
5
"
#
365
(Base)(Height) 30, where
(30) 12h 12(9.288) 1035 ft$ .
43. The pressure at level y is p(y) w y the average
w b
b
#
"
"
'0b p(y) dy b '0b w y dy b w y# b
"
b
pressure is p
wb
#
. This is the pressure at level
b
#
, which
is the pressure at the middle of the plate.

44. The force exerted by the fluid is F '0 w(depth)(length) dy '0 w y a dy (w a)'0 y dy (w a) y
#
#
w ab
#
b
0
wb (ab) p Area, where p is the average value of the pressure.

#
45. When the water reaches the top of the tank the force on the movable side is ' 2 (62.4) 24 c y# (cy) dy
0
"#
(c2y) dy (62.4) 2 a4 c y# b
3
(62.4)' 2 a4 c y# b
$# !
c#
(62.4) 2 4$# 332.8 ft lb. The force

3
compressing the spring is F 100x, so when the tank is full we have 332.8 100x x 3.33 ft. Therefore the
movable end does not reach the required 5 ft to allow drainage the tank will overflow.
46. (a) Using the given coordinate system we see that the total
width is L(y) 3 and the depth of the strip is (3 c y).
Thus, F '0 w(3 c y)L(y) dy '0 (62.4)(3 c y) 3 dy

3
(62.4)(3)'0 (3 c y) dy (62.4)(3) 3y c
3
y
#
$
!
(62.4)(3) 9 c 9 (62.4)(3) 9 842.4 lb

#
#
(b) Find a new water level Y such that FY (0.75)(842.4 lb) 631.8 lb. The new depth of the strip is (Y c y) and Y is
the new upper limit of integration. Thus, FY '0 w(Y c y)L(y) dy 62.4'0 (Y c y) 3 dy
Y
y
#
(62.4)(3) Y# c
0
Y
#
(62.4)(3) Y . Therefore,
#
#
(62.4)(3)'0 (Y c y) dy (62.4)(3) Yy c
2FY
Y (62.4)(3) 1263.6 6.75 2.598 ft. So, ?Y 3 c Y 3 c 2.598 0.402 ft 4.8 in
187.2
6.6 MOMENTS AND CENTERS OF MASS

1. Since the plate is symmetric about the y-axis and its density is
constant, the distribution of mass is symmetric about the y-axis
and the center of mass lies on the y-axis. This means that
x 0. It remains to find y Mx . We model the distribution of
M
mass with @/<>3-+6 strips. The typical strip has center of mass:
( ) x x b 4 , length: 4 c x# , width: dx, area:
x y
#
dA a4 c x# b dx, mass: dm $ dA $ a4 c x# b dx. The moment of the strip about the x-axis is
dm x b4 $ a4 c x# b dx $ a16 c x% b dx. The moment of the plate about the x-axis is M ' dm
C
C
x
#
#
#
a16 c x% b dx
$
#
16x c
x
5
&
$
2 #
#
c#
$
#
16 2 c
2
5
&
c c16 2 b
2
5
&
'
$ 2
#
32 c
32
5
128$
5 .
The mass of the

x
3
#
c#
32$
3 .
2$ 8 c 8
3
Therefore y
Mx
M
128
5
32
3
$
plate is M ' $ a4 c x# b dx $ 4x c
366
12
5 .
The plate's center of
mass is the point (x y) ! 12 .

5
2. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one in
Exercise 1, we find x 0. To find y Mx , we use the
M
@/<>3-+6 strips technique. The typical strip has center of
mass: ( ) x 25 c x , length: 25 c x# , width: dx,
x y
#
area: dA a25 c x bdx, mass: dm $ dA $ a25 c x# b dx.

The moment of the strip about the x-axis is
a25 c x# b dx
5
3
$
#
a625 c 50x# b x% b dx
625x c
50
3
x$ b
x
5
&
4
3
$ 5$ . Therefore y
Mx
M
$ 5 8
3
$ 5 4
3
$
2 # 625 5 c
c&
8
b 1 $ 625 3 . The mass of the plate is M ' dm '
%
2$ 5$ c
10
3
' 55
$ 625 5 c
$
#
5
5
$
#
50
3
5$ b
$ a25 c x# b dx $ 25x c
5
5
x
3
a25 c x# b dx. The moment of the plate about the x-axis is Mx ' dm
y
&
'
$
#
&
dm 25 c x $ a25 c x# b dx
y
#
x c x , length: ax c x# b c (cx) 2x c x# , width: dx,

#
#
area: dA a2x c x# b dx, mass: dm $ dA $ a2x c x# b dx.

dm c x $ a2x c x# b dx; about the y-axis it is dm x $ a2x c x# b dx. Thus, M ' dm
y
x
y
x
#
#
43$ 43$ 1 and y
Mx
M
x
3
M ' dm '0 $ a2x c x# b dx $ '0 a2x c x# b dx $ x# c
x
4
c 45$ ; My ' dm '0 x $ a2x c x# b dx $ '0 a2x# c x$ b $ 2 x$ c

x
3
$
c # 2$ 1 c 4
5
$ 2
1#
. Therefore, x
My
M
$ 2
!
8
$ 4 c 3
!
2
5
4$
3
2
3
2
4
$
c # 2$ c
3
3
c 45$ 43$ c 5 (x y) 1 c 5 is the center of mass.
4. Intersection points: x# c 3 c2x# 3x# c 3 0

3(x c 1)(x b 1) 0 x c1 or x 1. Applying the
symmetry argument analogous to the one in Exercise 1, we
find x 0. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip has center of mass:
( ) x c2x b ax c 3b x cx c 3 ,
x y
#
length: c2x# c ax# c 3b 3 a1 c x# b, width: dx,

area: dA 3 a1 c x# b dx, mass: dm $ dA 3$ a1 c x# b dx.
dm 3 $ acx# c 3b a1 c x# b dx 3 $ ax% b 3x# c x# c 3b dx
y
$ ' 1 ax% b 2x# c 3b dx
1
3
#
3
#
$ x b
5
&
2x
3
c 3x
"
c"
3
#
3
#
$ ax% b 2x# c 3b dx; Mx ' dm

y
"
$ 2 5 b
2
3
c 3 3$ 3b10c45 c 32$ ;
15
5
x
5
&
&
$
$
$
c '0 # x# a2x c x# b dx c # '0 a2x$ c x% b dx c # x c
#
2
c&
10. The plate's center of mass is the point (x y) (! 10).
3. Intersection points: x c x# cx 2x c x# 0
x(2 c x) 0 x 0 or x 2. The typical @/<>3-+6
strip has center of mass: ( ) x ax c x b b (cx)
x y
&
4$
3
Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass

M ' dm 3$ ' 1 a1 c x# b dx 3$ x c
1
x
3
"
"
3$ 2 1 c 3 4$ . Therefore, y
c"
Mx
M
367
8
$ 32
c 5$4 c 5
(x y) 0 c 8 is the center of mass.

5
5. The typical 29<3D98>+6 strip has center of mass:
( ) y c y y , length: y c y$ , width: dy,
x y
$
area: dA ay c y$ b dy, mass: dm $ dA $ ay c y$ b dy.

The moment of the strip about the y-axis is
dm $ y c y ay c y$ b dy $ ay c y$ b# dy
x
$
$
#
ay# c 2y% b y' b dy; the moment about the x-axis is
dm $ y ay c y$ b dy $ ay# c y% b dy. Thus, M ' dm $ ' 1 ay# c y% b dy $ y c

y
y
x
3
0
$
$
'01 ay# c 2y% b y' b dy # y3
y
4
$ '0 ay c y$ b dy $ y c
#
#
"
"
$ " c 4
#
!
2y
5
$
4
&
$
#
y
7
My ' dm
x
"
$
#
" c
3
. Therefore, x
2
5
"
b 7
$
#
"
$ " c "
3
5
!
b
35 c 427 15
35
4$
105 4
$
My
M
y
5
&
16
105
2$
15
4$
105
; M ' dm
Mx
M
2$
15 4
$
and y
16 8
(x y) 105 15 is the center of mass.
8
15
6. Intersection points: y y# c y y# c 2y 0
y(y c 2) 0 y 0 or y 2. The typical
29<3D98>+6 strip has center of mass:
( ) ay c yb b y y y y ,
x y
#
length: y c ay c yb 2y c y , width: dy,

area: dA a2y c y# b dy, mass: dm $ dA $ a2y c y# b dy.
$
The moment about the y-axis is dm # y# a2y c y# b dy
x
$
# a2y$ c y% b dy; the moment about the x-axis is dm $ y a2y c y# b dy $ a2y# c y$ b dy. Thus,
y
2
a2y$ c y% b dy
y
3
$ y# c
(x y)
$
#
y c
2
%
$
#
$ 4 c 8
3
!
3 "
5
y
5
4$
3
&
'0
$
#
8 c
y
4
Mx ' dm '0 $ a2y# c y$ b dy $ 2y c

y
3
16$
1#
40c32
5
4$
5
; M ' dm '0 $ a2y c y# b dy
$
#
My
M
45$ 43$
32
5
. Therefore, x
(4 c 3)
4$
3
; My ' dm
x
16
4
$ 16 c
3
3
5
and y
Mx
M
43$ 43$ 1
is the center of mass.
7. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one used

in Exercise 1, we find x 0. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip has
center of mass: ( ) x cos x , length: cos x, width: dx,
x y
#
area: dA cos x dx, mass: dm $ dA $ cos x dx. The

moment of the strip about the x-axis is dm $ cos x cos x dx
y
#
$
$ 1 b cos 2x
$
#
# cos x dx #
dx 4 (1 b cos 2x) dx; thus,
#
$
2 4
(1 b cos 2x) dx
1c
$ [sin x]c1# 2$ . Therefore, y
Mx
M
$
4
<x b
$1
4 # $
sin 2x 1#
#
c1#
1
8
$
4
< 1 b 0 c c 1
#
#
$1
4
; M ' dm $ '
(x y) ! 1 is the center of mass.

8
2
2
1c
1#
Mx ' dm '
y
cos x dx
368
8. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one used

in Exercise 1, we find x 0. The typical vertical strip has
center of mass: ( ) x sec x , length: sec# x, width: dx,
x y
#
#
area: dA sec# x dx, mass: dm $ dA $ sec# x dx. The

moment about the x-axis is dm sec x a$ sec# xb dx
y
#
$
#
'
atan# x b 1b asec# xb dx
$
#
'
$
2
"
"
$
< 3 c c 3 b # [1 c (c1)]
$
3
b$
43$ 2"$
(tan x)# asec# xb dx b

4$
3
$
#
'
; M ' dm $ '
4
4
Mx
M
sec% x dx
1c
1c
Therefore, y
1c
1c
1
1c
$
#
$
#
1c
'
sec# x dx
$
2
(tan3x)
$
dm
y
sec% x dx. Mx '
1 4
c1 4
1%
$
b # [tan x]c1%
14
sec# x dx $ [tan x]c14 $ [1 c (c1)] 2$ .
2
(x y) ! 3 is the center of mass.
2
3
9. Since the plate is symmetric about the line x 1 and its

density is constant, the distribution of mass is symmetric
about this line and the center of mass lies on it. This means
that x 1. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip has center of mass:
( ) x a2x c x bba2x c 4xb x x c 2x ,
x y
#
length: a2x c x b c a2x c 4xb c3x b 6x 3 a2x c x# b ,

width: dx, area: dA 3 a2x c x# b dx, mass: dm $ dA
3$ a2x c x# b dx. The moment about the x-axis is
dm 3 $ ax# c 2xb a2x c x# b dx c 3 $ ax# c 2xb# dx
y
#
c $ ax c 4x b 4x b dx. Thus, Mx ' dm c'0

y
2
5
&
c $
3
2
c2 b
3
2
3
4
$ ax% c 4x$ b 4x# b dx c 2 $ x c x% b 3 x$
5
2 c $ 2 2 c 1 b 2 c 3 $ 2% 6 c 15 b 10 c 85$ ; M ' dm
5
3
15
#
$
4
3
'0 3$ a2x c x# b dx 3$ x# c
2
#
!
3
#
x
3
&
3
#
3$ 4 c 8 4$ . Therefore, y
3
!
Mx
M
c 85$ 4"$ c 2
5
(x y) 1 c 2 is the center of mass.

5
10. (a) Since the plate is symmetric about the line x y and
its density is constant, the distribution of mass is
symmetric about this line. This means that x y. The
typical @/<>3-+6 strip has center of mass:
( ) x 9 c x , length: 9 c x# , width: dx,

x y
#
area: dA 9 c x# dx,
mass: dm $ dA $ 9 c x# dx.
The moment about the x-axis is
$
#
a9 c x# b dx. Thus, Mx ' dm '0

y
$
#
a9 c x# b dx
$
#
9x c
x
3
dm $ 9 c x 9 c x# dx
y
#
$
!
1
(27 c 9) 9$ ; M ' dm ' $ dA $ ' dA $ (Area of a quarter of a circle of radius 3) $ 94
$
#
Therefore, y
Mx
M
4
(9$ ) 91$
4
1
4 4
(x y) 1 1 is the center of mass.
91$
4

346 Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

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346

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

(b) [ +=2/<: V V" b V#

two integrals are required

R$ (y) (cy)"% and c$ c1, d$ 0 three integrals are required

R# (y) 1, r# (y) (cy)"% , c# c1 and d# 0 two integrals are required

21 x sinax2 c 1b dx; u x2 c 1 du 2x dx; x 1 u 0,

x " b 1 u 1 1'0 sin u du c1 ccos ud 1 c1ac1 c 1b 21

u r2 c y2 du c2y dy; y 0 u r2 , y r u 0] c21'r2 u du 21'0 u12 du

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 6.3 Arc Lengths

L '0 1 b ax# b 2b x# dx '0 1 b 2x# b x% dx

< 2 u$# "!

u 10d L '1 u"# 4 du

y"# c " yc"# dx

'19 y"# b yc"# dy " < 2 y$# b 2y"# *

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

L '2 1 b " ay% c 2 b yc% b dy

'2 " ay% b 2 b yc% b dy

'23 ay# b yc# b# dy " '23 ay# b yc# b dy

x"$ c " xc"$ dy x#$ c

L '1 u# b " uc# du u c " uc" 9 c

ctan yd c1% 1 c (c1) 2

< 3 x%$ b 3 x#$ "

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 6.3 Arc Lengths

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

cos x - cos x + x sin x dy x# sin# x

L '0 1 b tan# x dx '0 sin

Then y x b C and since (" ") lies on the curve, C 0.

20. (a) dx corresponds to

2cos x dx 2csin xd 14 2sin 1 c 2sina!b 1

c 1 dx '2 4 x1 3 dx '2 4 x1 3 dx '2 4 xc13 dx

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 6.3 Arc Lengths

c2 L '0 1 b ac2b# dx '0 5 dx 5 x 25.

25. 9x2 yay c 3b2

ds2 dx2 b dy2

1 y f(x) x b C where C is any real

n lim ! 1 b [f w (xk 1 )]# xk 'a 1 b [f w (x)]# dx

29. x2 b y2 1 y 1 c x2 ; P 0, 1 , 1 , 3 , 1 L ! axi c xic1 b2 b ayi c yic1 b2 1 c 0 b

30. Let ax1 , y1 b and ax2 , y2 b, with x2 x1 , lie on y m x b b, where m

ax2 c x1 b ax2 c x1 b# b ay2 c y1 b# .

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

Laxb '0 1 b at b 1b2 c

b 16at b 1b8 c 8at b 1b4 b "

33-38. Example CAS commands:

33-38. Example CAS commands:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 6.4 Areas of Surfaces of Revolution

S 21'0 (sin y) 1 b cos# y dy

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

S 21'0 '0 tan t dt 1 b tan# y dy

21'0 '0 tan t dt sec y dy

S 21'1 '1 t# c 1 dt 1 b ax# c 1b dx