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    Appendix TB - 12m Span, 4.5 M Width Timber Bridge

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    Hundeejireenya
    This document provides details on the design of a 12m span, 4.5m wide timber bridge, including: - General specifications and material properties of the timber and steel components - Loads considered including permanent, vehicular, and dynamic loads - Analysis of forces in the girders and deck from the applied loads - Design of the timber girders, deck, and dowel connections between beams - Dimensions and capacities of dowel groups connecting the timber beams

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Appendix TB - 12m Span, 4.5 M Width Timber Bridge

    Uploaded by

    Hundeejireenya
    44 views5 pages
    This document provides details on the design of a 12m span, 4.5m wide timber bridge, including: - General specifications and material properties of the timber and steel components - Loads considered including permanent, vehicular, and dynamic loads - Analysis of forces in the girders and deck from the applied loads - Design of the timber girders, deck, and dowel connections between beams - Dimensions and capacities of dowel groups connecting the timber beams

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    Appendix TB

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    This document provides details on the design of a 12m span, 4.5m wide timber bridge, including: - General specifications and material properties of the timber and steel components - Loads considered including permanent, vehicular, and dynamic loads - Analysis of forces in the girders and deck from the applied loads - Design of the timber girders, deck, and dowel connections between beams - Dimensions and capacities of dowel groups connecting the timber beams

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views5 pages

    Appendix TB - 12m Span, 4.5 M Width Timber Bridge

    Uploaded by

    Hundeejireenya
    This document provides details on the design of a 12m span, 4.5m wide timber bridge, including: - General specifications and material properties of the timber and steel components - Loads considered including permanent, vehicular, and dynamic loads - Analysis of forces in the girders and deck from the applied loads - Design of the timber girders, deck, and dowel connections between beams - Dimensions and capacities of dowel groups connecting the timber beams

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Bridge Design Manual - 2002

    Timber Bridge Design


    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    Appendix TB - 12m Span, 4.5 m width Timber Bridge


    Project:
    Name of River:
    Span:
    Consultant:
    Designed by:

    12m Span, 4.5 m width TIMBER BRIDGE


    Louis Berger Group (BROKONSULT AB) in Association with SABA Engineering PLC
    J. Packelen
    20/12/1999

    TB.1

    GENERAL

    TB.1.1

    Specifications
    ERA Bridge Design Manual-2002

    TB.1.2

    Material Proporties

    TB.1.2.1

    Timber

    TB.1.2.2

    Class F17

    Stress Grade 1

    Strength Group S1

    Working stress parallel to grain

    17 Mpa

    Modification Factor for Resistance

    F= Fo*Cf*Cm*Cd

    Beams

    w*h=300*300

    F= 17*1,0*1,0*1,0= 17 MPa

    Deck Beams

    w*h=100*200

    F= 17*1,0*1,0*1,0= 17 MPa

    Deck Planks

    w*h=150*75

    F= 17*1,3*1,0*1,0= 22,1 MPa

    Modulus of Elasticity

    E= Eo*Cm

    Flexural Design

    E= 5 000*1,0= 5 000 Mpa

    Deformation Design

    E= 9 000*1,0= 9 000 Mpa

    Steel
    Connector plates
    Dowels

    M270M

    (reinforcement bars dia 20)

    Wood Screws

    M16 4.6

    fy= 250 Mpa


    fy= 400 Mpa
    fy= 400 Mpa

    Modulus of Elasticity

    E= Eo*Cm

    Flexural Design

    E= 200 000*1,0= 200 000 Mpa

    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    Ethiopian Roads Authority
    Page TB-1

    Bridge Design Manual - 2002


    Timber Bridge Design
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    TB.2

    LOADING

    TB.2.1

    Loads
    Permanent Load
    DC

    Dead Load

    Deck
    Kerb
    Railing
    Beams

    (0,2+0,075)*4,5*9,6 = 2,64*4,5
    2*(0,3+0,2)*0,25*9,6
    2*(0,25*0,25+0,2*0,2*2,1/1,8)*9,6
    3*0,3*1,2*9,6

    = 11,88 kN/m
    = 2,40 kN/m
    = 2,10 kN/m
    = 10,37 kN/m

    Live Load
    LL

    Vehicular Load
    Deck Width = 4,5m thus one Design Lane
    Multiple Presence Factor = 1,20
    Tire Contact Length

    IM

    TB.2.1

    l = 5,31*72,5 = 385 mm (Truck)


    l = 5,31*55 = 292 mm (Tandem)

    l = 2,28*1,75*(1+0,33)*P = 5,31*P

    Dynamic Load Allowance = 33 %

    Load Factors and Combination


    The following shall be satisfied
    Q < R
    Load modifier

    = drl= 1,0*1,0*1,0 = 1,0

    Load Combination
    Factor

    Strength-1
    Dead Load
    Vehicular Load
    Dynamic Allowance

    DC
    LL
    IM

    1.25

    0,33*LL Truck & Tandem

    1.75
    1.75

    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    Ethiopian Roads Authority
    Page TB-2

    Bridge Design Manual - 2002


    Timber Bridge Design
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    TB.3

    FORCES

    TB.3.1

    Permanent load
    Girder Load assuming deck slab supported by riged girders
    Forces in deck and load on girders are analyzed for loads in 2.11 by continous girder program
    Load on Exterior Girder = 6,99 kN/m

    TB.3.2

    Load on Interior Girder = 2,40 kN/m

    Live Load
    Load distribution between girders
    Load on exterior girder according to lever rule
    Qe = P/3 + P*0,75/3,4 = 0,554P
    Load on interior girder assuming deck slab supported by riged beams
    Qi = a/(2*l)*(3-(a/l)^2)*P = 0,8/(2*1,7)*(3-(0,8/1,7)^2)*P = 0,654 P
    where l = beam spacing and a = wheel load distance from outer supports
    Exterior girders will be designed for the following Loads

    Factor

    Strength-1

    q = 7,29+3,46 = 10,75 kN/m

    Dead Load

    1.25

    13.4

    Q = 1,2*1,33*0,554*145 or 35 = 128 or 31 kN

    Truck Load

    1.75 224 or 54

    Q = 1,2*1,33*0,554*110 = 97 kN

    Tandem Load

    1.75

    170

    q = 1,2*0,554*9,3 = 6,2 kN

    Lane Load

    1.75

    10.8

    q = 1,81+3,46 = 5,27 kN/m

    Dead Load

    1.25

    6.6

    Q = 1,2*1,33*0,654*145 or 35 = 151 or 37 kN

    Truck Load

    1.75 265 or 64

    Q = 1,2*1,33*0,654*110 = 115 kN

    Tandem Load

    1.75

    201

    q = 1,2*0,654*9,3 = 7,3 kN

    Lane Load

    1.75

    12.8

    Interior girders will be designed for the following Loads

    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    Ethiopian Roads Authority
    Page TB-3

    Bridge Design Manual - 2002


    Timber Bridge Design
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    TB.4

    GIRDERS

    TB.4.1

    System analyzis
    The main girders are composed of sawn beams bundled by dowels (reinforcement bars)
    driven through drilled vertical holes.
    Beams including dowel forces are analyzed by computer program for plane frames
    in order to simulete the slip between beams.
    Forces in load combination Strength-1 are considered.
    Truck or tandem loads are moved with increments of 1 m from support and outwards.
    For maximum shear lane load appears from the first wheel and outwards.
    The three main beams are designed identically and the interior beam forces are governing
    Simulation of slip between beams due to deformations in dowel groups
    The slip is about 2 mm for the dowel design load (P = 350 kN/m see Section 6)
    For the verticals in the frame system thus the following stiff-ness criterium is valid
    /2 = P*(L/2)^3/(3*E*I) = P*(L/2)^3/(3*E*B*D^3/12) = P/(2*E*B)*(L/D)^3
    D/L = (P/(*E*B))^(1/3) = ( 0,34/(0,002*5000*0,3)^(1/3) = 0,5
    where

    TB.4.2

    L = length of verticals
    D = fictious depth of verticals

    B = width of vertical
    E = modulus of elasticity

    Dowel Forces from system analyzis


    Node

    Bar
    1

    25

    27

    29

    31

    Load Case

    length

    Shear
    Force / m

    DL
    Truck x=1,5
    Total S-1

    35
    376
    411

    1.25

    329

    DL
    Truck x=3,5
    Total S-1

    48
    508
    556

    1.5

    371

    DL
    Tandem x=5
    Total S-1

    35
    389
    424

    1.5

    283

    DL
    Tandem x=5
    Total S-1

    18
    272
    290

    1.5

    193

    400
    329
    371
    283
    193

    350
    300
    250
    200
    150
    100
    50
    0
    1

    Srie1

    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    Ethiopian Roads Authority
    Page TB-4

    Bridge Design Manual - 2002


    Timber Bridge Design
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    TB.5

    DECK

    TB.5.1

    System

    TB.5.2

    Load
    Deck loads are computed by continous beam program for unfactored loads

    Dead load =
    Live Load

    Tandem
    Lane

    110/(0,5+0,5)/1,2 =
    9,3/3=

    2.64 kPa

    factor =

    1.25

    91.7 kPa *
    3.1 kPa

    factor = 1,2*1,33*1,75 = 1,33*2,1


    factor = 1,2*1,75 =
    2.1

    * 122 kPa including dynamic load allowance


    The live tandem wheel load is assumed to be evenly distributed over the axle spacing by the planks
    TB.5.3

    Beam Forces from system analyzis


    Design Deck Moment over inner beams
    M = 1,25*0,1 + 2,1*19,6 = 41 kNm/m
    Deck Beam Spacing 0,45 m

    W = (0,15/0,3)*0,2^2/6 = 0,0033 M^3

    = M/W = 0,041*0,0033 = 12,4 Mpa

    TB.6

    DOWELS

    TB.6.1

    Dowel Dimensions
    Dowels are made of ordinary dia 20 mm reinforcement bars

    TB.6.2

    Dowel Groups
    Each dowel group is designed for the actual shear force according to system analyzis

    TB.6.2.1

    Design Dowel Force is


    Rr = *Rn

    TB.6.2.2

    where

    Rn = 26*d^2*2*fy/180

    Minimum Dowel Spacing


    S = 7*d = 7*20 = 140 parallel to grain

    TB.6.2.3

    Rr = 0,8*26*20^2*400/90 = 17,5 kN

    S = 4*d = 4*20 = 80 not parallel to grain

    Dowel Group Capacity


    Group 1

    Spacing 150 mm

    3/0,15*17,5 = 350 kN/m

    Group 2

    Spacing 225 mm

    3/0,225*17,5 = 233 kN/m

    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    Ethiopian Roads Authority
    Page TB-5

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