Factors Influencing On The Compliance of Breast Self-Examination of Nurses in A Local Area)

Breast Care Center
The CMC Breast Care Center aims to provide a multi-disciplinary approach to the diagnosis, treatment and followup of conditions affecting the breast. The center consolidates in a single setting the diagnostic modalities and the team of experts needed to effectively care for a patient with any breast problem. The Center is manned by well-trained and experienced professionals: radiologists, surgeons, gynecologists, pathologists, oncologists and technologists. A Screening Program is also being offered for early detection of breast cancer in women without symptoms who are 40 years old and above, or those with family history of breast cancer and other who have been previously operated on. A Breast Cancer Support Group has been created to provide moral and spiritual support for newly diagnosed patients and those who are about to undergo surgery, or those undergoing oncologic management. The Center is involved in patient education and public awareness campaigns to combat breast cancer. CMC Breast Care Center offers the following services: Digital Mammography for screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast Ultrasound using ductal echography and tissue elastography for detection and characterization of even small (millimetric) breast lesions. Breast Scintigraphy for further characterization of breast nodules or masses using a nuclear technique. Interventional procedures for diagnosis and management of breast diseases through mammography or ultrasound-guided biopsy and needle localization of breast nodules or masses, and ultrasound-guided aspiration of breast cyst, abscess or lymph nodes. Excision or biopsy of breast nodules under local or general anesthesia in a Minor Operating Room located within the Center. Screening Program for early detection of breast cancer with discounted package for yearly mammography and breast ultrasound, including breast physical examination by Center physicians and instructions on the technique of breast self-examination.
Factors influencing on the compliance of breast self-examination of nurses in a local area].

S o u r c e
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15314383 Department of Nursing, Pusan National University, Korea.
Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on the compliance of breast self-examination (BSE) among nurses who work at three general hospitals in Kyung-Nam areas. METHOD: 258 hospital nurses were included in the study. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi(2) test and logistic regression analysis. RESULT: Nurses reported medium levels of knowledge, self efficacy and health believes about breast cancer and BSE, and 26% of the nurses performed the BSE at least once during the last 6 months. Compliers of BSE perceived significantly higher levels of self-efficacy, susceptability and health motivation, and lower level of barrier compared to non-compliers. Significant influencing factors on BSE compliance were 'experience of getting recommendation for breast self-examination', 'susceptibility', 'barrier', and 'self-efficacy' and those variables explained 22.5% of variance in compliance of BSE. CONCLUSION: Nurses, who must play as a role model for health promoting behaviors, did not have enough knowledge of breast cancer and BSE. Also, their performance rate of BSE was quite low. Thus, it is essential to provide an educational program for breast cancer and BSE to nurses in order to enhance nurses' performance rate of BSE.
LOCAL STUDIES Breast lump is the most common patient complaint, according to Dr.Siguan. The patient herself usually detects this lump in 70% of cases by means of breast self examination (BSE). BSE is a way for a woman to examine her breast for any changes that might be early signs of cancer. Many women find it helpful to check their breast every time they shower for the first few months after being taught the method to become very familiar with their own breasts. Its usually done one week to 10 days after the first day the first day of menstruation, when the breast are smallest. According to the medical doctors, localized tumors can usually be treated successfully before the cancers spreads, nine cases out of 10 have a five year survival rate. Once the cancer begins to spread, getting rid of completely is more difficult, although treatment can often control the disease for years. Treatment of the breast cancer is according to how far the cancer has spread, Dr. Siguan. Small, localized breast cancer may be surgically treated with removal of the breast lump only the plus some lymph nodes at the armpit instead of total mastectomy. Dr. Siguan continues, however, when total mastectomy is inevitable, breast reconstruction may be opted for. For locally advanced breast cancer, chemotherapy may be given initially in order to render the breast tumor completely removable. For cancers, already with evidence of spread beyond the confines of the breast and armpit, systemic treatments like chemotherapy and/or hormones are the most effective rather than surgery, invariably, the smaller the breast lump, the highest for chance to cure. As a matter of fact, the size of the breast cancer that can offer the breast chance for cure is that which one still cannot feel the tumor by touch usually they are detectable only by mammography. Dr Siguan says, some good news regular aerobic exercises may offer some protection against a womans developing breast cancer. Studies have found that womans exercised vigorously and often were at least half as likely as non-exercisers to get breast cancer. According to most experts, early discovery of breast lumps can be done through BSE. This procedure remains to be important for the prevention and early detection of such disease. In Asia,
the Philippines have the highest reported incidence rate of breast cancer. From 43.2 in 1993 1995, the age standardized incidence rate (ASR) is now 47..7 per 100,000 females, and this figure exceeds the rate reported for several Western countries, including Spain, Italy, and most Eastern European countries. Most Filipino cancer patients wait until the last hour before consulting and at this point, the cancer is most often at an advanced stage. The grim fact is this: "for every two new cancer cases diagnosed annually, one will die within the year."
In terms of breast cancer detection, a local study revealed that the use of breast selfexamination (BSE) and aspiration biopsy/open biopsy are the most cost-effective strategies in the Philippine setting, incurring savings for the government by almost 3 million Philippine Pesos or US $60,000 (1989 value) per year per 100,000 women. Mammography is neither readily available nor affordable especially in the rural areas. How many Filipinas do regular breast self-examination (BSE). Another local study reveals that only 54 percent had ever done a BSE, of whom only 27 percent are still practicing it at an average of 9.2 times a year. Reasons given for not doing the BSE included no symptoms, busy, dont know how, dont like, dont think important, always forget, afraid and not aware. Why do Filipinas with breast problems always consult when it is too late? A local study on the determinants of late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer among Filipino patients indicated that economic factors, non-awareness of the gravity of breast cancer and fear of being diagnosed with cancer may be reasons for late diagnosis. Unreasonably stubborn breastcancer patients - a DOH-WHO breast cancer screening field survey in Metro Manila revealed that there was a large non-compliance rate (79.1 percent!) among women found to have breast masses (2.8 percent positivity rate) in terms of consulting hospitals and specialized clinics for re-evaluation and possible treatment. Breast cancer is the leading killer of women from ages 35-54 worldwide. Every year, more than a million develop the disease without knowing it, from which almost 500,000 women die. Today, the Philippines have the highest incidence rate of breast cancer in Asia, while it ranks 9 th
worldwide. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) approximates that 70%of breast cancer occurs in women who do not have any of the known risk factors and that only about 5% inherit the fatal disease. These alarming statistics were cited by WHO in a statement in 2008. Breast cancer is a malignant tumors that grows in one or both breasts. http://www.scribd.com/doc/46849339/Thesis-final

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Factors influencing on the compliance of breast self-examination of nurses in a local area].

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