Abinales, Patricio and Donna J. Amoroso. 2005. State and Society in the Philippines. Philippnes: Anvil Publishing, Inc.

With the standard narratives in writing Philippine history, such as the usual periodization: pre-Hispanic, Spanish, American, Japanese, Republican, this book takes into consideration the Southeast Asian connections of the Philippines and the changing rhythm of state and social formation across time and regimes (p.4). Specifically, a chapter is concerned about the American occupation of the country with the continuous development underlying the revolution, war, regime change of the period. The chapter on The Filipino Colonial State discussed the politics and the Philippine Assembly. An excerpt regarding the opportunity to manage their own local affairs (the Philippines affairs) was provided as instructions by President William McKinley to the Taft Commission. It was highlighted that the principles of liberty and law and the rules of the government must be established and maintained for the sake of their liberty and happiness however much they may conflict with the customs or laws or procedures which they are familiar (pp.136-137). The American occupation has presented a faade of democratic principles in order to tame the Filipinos of their strong resistance. From here as a foundation, the Filipinization process started through the different commissions.

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. 1990. History of the Filipino People (8th Ed). Quezon City: GAROTECH Publishing. This book presented six parts, from the Pre-colonial Philippines until its Third Republic. Pre-colonial Philippines showed the geographical setting of the country prior the conquest, its political structure and the pre-colonial culture which includes languages, system of writing, literature, music dance and art. This is followed by the Spanish Period, their arrival in the islands, institutional impact of the Spanish rule and the transition from Indio to Filipino. The third part discussed the different reforms and the revolution. This was followed by the American period. The continuing struggle of the Filipinos was accounted together with the compromise done through the face of colonialism and eventually the transition to Independence. This part is closed by showing the results of the American Occupation. Moreover, the Japanese Occupation followed. The section discussed the war years in the Philippines. And finally, the last portion of the book was on the Third Republic which included postwar problems, Hukbalahap movement, continuing crisis in the different administrations, and the Martial law until the EDSA Revolution. The wide scope of the book tried to consolidate different primary sources from archeology, media, history, documents of the church, written accounts of friars, miscellaneous, several books, linguistics, religious chronicles and other archival sources.

Constantino, Renato. 1975. The Philippines: A Past Revisted (Vol.1) . Philippines: Renato Constantino This volume was made by the author with the aim to have a new view of Philippine history. The sources of the author are from the general histories wherein he purposed to use the past reusable for present tasks and future goals. He also claimed in the book that he did not intend to write new findings but only new interpretations (vii). This work is one of the movement of rewriting history. The writing of the Philippine History was so focused on the Big Men such as the political leaders, the heroes and the like but this book involved the role of the Filipino people in making their own history. The way the chapters were divided was more of a topical discourse not similar to the traditional periodization type of sectioning. It has four parts divided into several chapters. The first part was titled Liberation and Transformation, followed by The Crucible Practice, then Unity and Disunity and finally, the Prologue. Gleeck, Lewis Jr. 1976. American Institutions in the Society (1898-1941) . Philippines: R.P. Garcia Publishing Co. This book was written by Mr. Lewis Gleeck Jr. was a retired diplomat and a scholar. This three hundred thirty-three paged book covered the narrative description of the different institutions in the Philippines dated back 1898 to 1941 however. However, several natural time periods were observed: 1898 to 1913, when American innovation was at its maximum; 1913 to 1921, when innovation was sharply reduced; 1922 to 1927, when it increased, though against growing indigenous resistance; 1928 to 1936, when it again diminished; and in 1936 to 1941 when innovation proceeded under conditions of minimum American influence (vii).It could be noted the fluctuating shifts on the colonization influence of the Americans. This could be because of the different historical events and in accord to the guidelines which was modified by the different administrations. It was divided into chapters dealing with cultural, political and economic institutions and further divided into sections describing government and non government activities. Brief profiles of certain of the most influential of the individuals involved, along with examples of the resistances encountered by the institutions introduced. According to the authors usage, serendipity is a fortunate and accidental undertaking; the x factor connotes an unexpected and uncalculated element in the reaction to innovation. LeRoy, James A. 1970. The Americans in the Philippines. New York: AMS Press, Inc. The author of the book, James A. LeRoy was secretary and assistant of Mr. Dean Worcester, the one of the commission who knew most about the Philippines because Mr. Worcester had twice made trips of scientific research through the islands. Mr. LeRoy focused in the study of the opinions of the native Filipinos of the different classes and was interested in the early history of the Philippines. Particularly, he presented in this
2

book the transition of the Philippines from the Spanish Regime to the Americans. From the influence of the theocracy of the Spaniards, the constant clash between the civil and the religious and the governmental influences rose different problems which the American Government had to face. Eventually, he also showed the union of the two in control of the people. Report of the Philippine Commission.1901. Volume 1 This was the report given by two of the members of the Taft Philippine commission in exploring the mountains of Benguet in order to prove the fitness of the said place for health and recreation area. This was the preliminary investigations of the special committee led by Dean C. Worcester and Luke Wright. The climatic condition of Benguet was said to be suitable for soldiers who suffered from the effects of the tropical climate that we have in our country. Baguio was planned to be a reserved camp seeing its favorable conditions where newly arrived soldiers could acclimatize. Summer Capital Publishing House. 1960. Memoirs of Baguio. This book contains different primary accounts about the history of Baguio. It provided information regarding the development of transportation in the area and a how Baguio became a chartered city. Significant people such as George A. Malcolm from whom the Malcolm Square was named after, Governer Cameron Forbes were also mentioned. They have truly made influences in this place. The development of different landmarks in Baguio City were also cited such as the Burnham Park, Camp John Hay, Baguio Country Club, Philippine Military Academy and The Mansion to name a few. Wilson, Laurence L. The Skyland of the Philippines. Baguio: Bookman Incorporated. This book is an overall account of this American author who wrote about Baguios history regarding the political aspect of the city of Baguio after it became a chartered city. A list of the mayors and councilmen of Baguio City from 1909 to 1940s was mentioned too. Accounts were also provided regarding the history of some institutions such as the Philippine Military Academy (from the Philippine Constabulary), The Mansion and the Camp John Hay to name a few.

Wilson, Laurence L Contours of Baguios History. This is one of the primary documents regarding Baguios history. This account presented how Baguio City had its title as the Summer Capital in 1903. Furthermore, before the coming of the Americans in Baguio, the names of the places were not the same as what we know them as now. The names of places were related to their characteristics and were referred to as the with their native terms. This also gives some information regarding how Baguio thrived to development by having big surplus in the bank.
3

William, Daniel R. 1924. The United Stated and the Philippines. New York: The Country Life Press. This book is composed of 13 chapters which showed the American point of view on the Philippines and the Far East. Primarily, this has an account about Baguio City (p.129). It mentioned how Baguio was made the Summer Capital during the administration of Governor Forbes. In addition to that it described how Baguio became a government center.

Worcester, Dean. 1930. The Philippines Past and Present. New York: Macmillan Company. Dean Worcester is one of the commissioners who explored the Philippine Islands. He had Spanish accounts from which he begun his initial exploration of the archipelago. With this book he presented his own view depending on his observations and travels. His view of the people of the Philippines is more of the untamed creatures that need to be civilized and provided such reports to the government. Nonetheless, he presented evidences that supported is position that Baguio would be an ideal site for a future city.