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    Cubical Dilation - L S Srinath

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    Mohammed Imran
    This document discusses linear strain theory and how to calculate volumetric strain (also called cubical dilatation). It defines volumetric strain as the sum of the three linear strains, and shows that according to linear theory, the new volume after deformation is equal to the original volume plus the product of the original volume and volumetric strain. The document also provides examples of calculating linear strain, volumetric strain, and how a line element changes direction under strain.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cubical Dilation - L S Srinath

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Imran
    839 views3 pages
    This document discusses linear strain theory and how to calculate volumetric strain (also called cubical dilatation). It defines volumetric strain as the sum of the three linear strains, and shows that according to linear theory, the new volume after deformation is equal to the original volume plus the product of the original volume and volumetric strain. The document also provides examples of calculating linear strain, volumetric strain, and how a line element changes direction under strain.

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    This document discusses linear strain theory and how to calculate volumetric strain (also called cubical dilatation). It defines volumetric strain as the sum of the three linear strains, and shows that according to linear theory, the new volume after deformation is equal to the original volume plus the product of the original volume and volumetric strain. The document also provides examples of calculating linear strain, volumetric strain, and how a line element changes direction under strain.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    839 views3 pages

    Cubical Dilation - L S Srinath

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Imran
    This document discusses linear strain theory and how to calculate volumetric strain (also called cubical dilatation). It defines volumetric strain as the sum of the three linear strains, and shows that according to linear theory, the new volume after deformation is equal to the original volume plus the product of the original volume and volumetric strain. The document also provides examples of calculating linear strain, volumetric strain, and how a line element changes direction under strain.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    741" Advanced Mechanics of Solids

    [, ' 1r]1

    ,r=

    .--Lz ' ,a_ ' - -A^s , A,x*Lu- tt , = LY+A,u, ,r, = Lz+L,u,rx = Ls, A;7-, y -- AJ-,
    A,x

    R,

    fly=

    Av
    A.s

    Substituting for As' from Eq. (2.28) and for Lu,, Lur, Lu"from Eq. (2.7a)-(2.7c)

    n'' =

    I l(. 0u,\n- * du, * dr* I 7; ", ai "' ) s*L[.t.7fJ

    t/

    nt =

    yr,

    ldu, gpol

    , il'=

    I lau- du- .(,.dr.\ l u;)") 1,,spala|'-*dr

    *u!, ,,f ,, *(r*u2\n \ dv ) ' dz ''-]

    e'2et

    /' z
    Fig.2.S

    The value of e"n is obtained using Eq. (2.20).

    "*l'*

    Consider now an infinitesimr (Fig. 2.5). When the body ur becomes an oblique parallele
    Eqs (2.30) the projections

    Identifying PQ of Fig.2.5 w.

    ig]il0; CUBICAL DILATATION


    Consider a point A with coordinates (x, y, z) and a neighbouring point B with coordinates (x + Lt,y + Ly, z+ Lz). After deformat!.on, the points A and B move to

    of

    alongx axis:

    A' andB' with coordinates


    Lz+ ur+ Lur) where a,, u, and u, are the components of diplacement of point A, and from Eqs
    (2.7a)-(2.7c)

    A':(x+ux,y+ur,z*ur) B' ; (x+ Ax + u,* Lu,,y + Ay + ur+ Lur, z+

    alongy

    u*ir,

    along z axis:

    : !.

    d!, n*+d!, ny+(* oz oy dx du" 0u, 0u. A,u,= -] Ax + -;-r Ly + --z- Lz 'dxdy'dz . du, duduLU_ =--=-! A-r + -=l Ar' + -=! A: "dxdy'dz
    Lu,=
    The displaced segement A'B' wlll have the.following components along the x, y
    and z axes:

    Hence, one can successivel. = }l,P.S ( Ax = Ay = 0) an< x, y and z axes as


    Az

    P(

    .(du / xaxts:
    y

    ll+_ [/,
    dY" 0x du, 0x

    axis: axis:

    z
    y axis: Ly
    z axis: Az

    + Lu,= %'

    dx *

    *( ,*41^ ay) n, *

    'l

    0!^,
    dz

    (2.30)

    t Lu,= * + 4, nu *( t* 4-) * ' 4. -/'\'' dx*'0Y dz)*

    The volume of the right paral Az. The volume of the defonr formula from analytic geometl

    V'=V+A,V=

    Analysis of

    Strain 75

    Az + Arr-

    r- 1a.., Au. from Eq. (2.1a)-(2.1c)

    ^-.:7 1.." V
    z

    0u.. I -1..+-=:n. dz 'l


    lt I

    dz "l -fl| |

    ou,

    (2.29)

    Fig,2,5

    Deformation of right parallelepiped

    l du- \ 1+---ln. dz ) " )


    I

    Consider now an infinitesimal rectangular parallelepiped with sides M, Ly and Az (Fig. 2.5). When the body undergoes deformation, the right paralleiepiped PQRS becomes an oblique parallelepiped P'Q'R'8. Identifying P Q of F ig. 2.5 urilh AB of Eqs (2.30), one has Ay = At = 0. Then, from Eqs (2"30) the projections of P'Q'wil1 be
    along x

    brmation, the Points A and B move to

    ; r and a neighbouring Point B with

    a*;s:

    It

    /:\ .
    d!.'
    ox

    #)*
    6*

    alongy

    u*ir,

    ;r-.i* L,z*ur,+Lur)
    iplacement of Point A, and from Eqs
    along z axis:

    4i2 Lr
    6x

    Hence, one can successively identify AB with PQ (Ly - Az = 0), PR (A{ = Lz = O),P,S ( Ar = Al = 0) and get the components of P'Q', P'R' andP'9 along the x, y and z axes as

    af'
    following comPonents along the x,
    du., : lr' * -=-lAz dz. r
    Y

    Pg

    PR'
    Cu"

    P,S

    ?:.*)* y axis: lt *
    z

    xaxis:

    0y
    rt

    L,
    .'
    \
    I

    dtt, p
    6u -

    cut
    a1

    $'

    CZ

    ^-M

    axls:

    ------L

    du-

    Cr

    llt

    6u,

    dv ^, \

    (t*4)*
    cr)

    - At,+ -dz .l

    3u

    nz

    (2.30)

    . du\ - 1+-=-i-l& ',. dz )

    The volume of the right parallelepiped before deformation is equal to V = Ax Ly Az. The volume of the deformed parallelepiped is obtained from the well-known formula from analytic geometry as

    V'=V+LV:D.A.xLyLz

    76

    Advanced Mechanics of Solids

    where D is the following determinant:

    lgiifr;tii CIIANGE

    olu ['. %) dy I d*)


    D:
    }ttr.

    a!,
    0:

    TWO Ltr

    % dx [,.L) i ay)
    0x

    Let PQ be a line eler element with directi,

    Y' D:
    [' ',-4-)

    (2.3r)

    VL

    Y' dy

    d:l

    If we assume that the strains are small quantities such that their squares and products can be negelected, the above determinant becomes
    0u - 0u, OuD=I+ ='+ 0y = + D. dr
    ac -lrc -r'cx\rLt,vtc-___ rc

    olP
    zy' Fig.2.6

    II l/ iA, 1 l)-

    Change it

    (2.32)

    two line

    Hence, the new volume according to the linear strain theory

    will

    be

    V'=V+ LV= (1+ e,,+.rr+ err) LxLy Lz


    The volumetric strain is defineci
    as

    (2.33)

    g69,

    B'=

    (l+r
    - +(

    A=

    + I' =t*rt"*t.

    (2.34)
    as

    +l

    Therefore, according to the iinear theory, the volumetric strain, also known cubical dilatation, is equal to the sum of three linear strains. Example

    In particular, if the t before strain, then a cos 0'=

    (I+ ton

    2.5

    The

    folloving state of strain exists at a point P

    r,,|=|-;;; ;;; -;"I


    In the direction PQ having direction
    determine oo.

    o.o: -0.04

    l o -oo2 o l
    cosines

    Now (90' by a, then

    0')

    re

    n,-Q.9, n,=0 and n.

    0.8,

    or
    PR.

    cos

    0'= 9'=

    since rr is small. Th

    Solution

    From Eq. (2.20)

    If

    we represent

    epe=0.02 (0.36) + 0.06 (0) + 0 (0.64)


    = 0.007

    0.0,1(0)

    0.02 (0) + 0 (0.48)

    T*0, at

    P:

    cos 0' =
    The

    Example2.T
    i,s

    Example

    2.6

    [n Exarmple 2.5. whar

    the

    t-ttbical tlilatation at

    point p?

    u = k(x2

    Solution

    From Eq. (2.34)

    At a point P(2, 2, 3 ing direction cosine


    PQ'. n*r=
    n,.

    A=t"r*tr*t.
    =0.02+0.06+0=0.08

    Determine the angl<

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