ENGLISH TEST Genenal Guidelines

The English Test will test your ability in understanding English structures and reading texts. lt employs a multiple choice format, and it takes 90 minutes to do the test.
The test comprises two following parts:

2.

1.

Part 1: 40 numbers of Structure and Written Expression Parl2:60 numbers of Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension

You may choose to begin work on ANY part. For each number, you may only choose ONE answer. Giving more than one answer will not give you any point for that number.
For each number, you will see four possible answers, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose one option, and then on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the circle cannot be seen.

@@o@
The questions are given !n a variety of difficulty levels. You should try to answer all of them, as there is NO PENALTY for incorrect answers. Directions for each part of the test will be given at the beginning of each part. lf you find an error in any printed itern of the test, just guess the answer as best as you can and continue.

sEcTtoN

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.

Example I

......are found in virtually every country in the world.

(A) Swamps and marshes which (B) When swamps and marshes (C) Swamps and marshes (D) Now that swamps and marshes

@@o@

Sample Answer

The sentence should read, "Swamps and marshes are found in virtually every country in the world." Therefore, you should choose answer (C).

Example

ll

Milk is pasteurized by heating it for thirty minutes

at about 63" Centigrade, rapidly cooling it, and then ... ... it at a temperature below 10' Centigrade.

@@OO

Sample Answer

(A) to store (B) store (C) be stored (D) storing The sentence should read, "Milk is pasteurized by heating it for thirty minutes at about 63' Centigrade, rapidly cooling it, and then storing it at a temperature below 10' Centigrade." Therefore, you should choose answer (D). Now begin work on the questions.

1,

Around four million years ago, a large cloud of

dust enveloped the area in space the current solar system is positioned. (A) there (B) wherever (C) where (D) whereby

6,

Cosmetic products are part and parcel of skincare specifically for women; men are also purchasing some of the products to give their skin a healthy glow. (A) nonetheless consequently (C) whereas (D) therefore

ry,

(B)

2.

According to the report, livestock feed in Canada approximately 80% of the annual unexported corn and soybean (A) is included (B) includes (C) it include (D) lncluding

harvests.

7.

The world's oil

3.

by modern nations, are dwindling at a fast rate. (A) utilization of the major energy source (B) to utilize the major source of energy (C) the major source of energy utilized (D) utilization as a major source of energy

reserves,

Winterwildlifeanimals

the red fox and snowshoe hare have adopted strategies to help them endure winter weather.

8.

Goats-*_as
herbicitJes

an effective bio-control agent

(A) in that (B) alike (C) as if (D) like

4.

to keep down the growth of weed without using

(A) whose use (B) their being used (C) are used (D) used
9.

sound health practices and good social relationships has a beneficial effect on
longevity.

, papyrus was the chief writing

material in ancient time.

(A) Maintenance (B) lf we maintain (C) Maintaining (D) As to maintenance

(A) First used about 3000 years ago (B) Using it as early as earty as 3000 B.C (C) That the use of it 3000 years ago (D) lts first use was around 3000 B.C
10. Through group discussion, students can explore

5.

Regular exercise boosts cardiovascular health the risk of breast and colon cancer. (A) it lowers (B) whiie lowering (c) what lowers (D) because of lowering

a subject by sharing ideas

and satisfaction through the excitement of interaction and achievement.

(A) derive (B) deriving (C) is derived (D) in deriving

11

Not untilAlexander Fleming discovered

penicilline,

14. Scientists are still debating whether natural cycle of climate change. (A) increasing the (B) the increase in (C) in the increase of (D) as to increase

(D) were bacterial diseases treated -withsuccess.globaltemperatureisnotjustapartoftheglobal 12. Before any organ transplantation, a patientmustundergoaseriesofmedical15.Theremaybecircumstances-layoffs examination such blood-matching and tissue- are necessary forfirms in order to survive. (A) that matching tests. (B) which (A) undergo (C) whose (B) to undergo (D) in which (C) undergoing (D)
can undergo 13. ln an X-ray, bones appear white tissue shows up in shades of grey. (A) because (B) inspite of (C) so that (D) whereas

(A) bacterial diseases were treated (B) the treatment of bacterial diseases done (C) doctors treated bacterialdiseases

soft

Directions: ln questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined
parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). ldentify the one underlined word or phrase that must

be changed in order for the sentence to be grammatically correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Example I

Meadowlarks are

a*lut the same size thBn robins.

@OOO

Sample Answer

but they have heavier bodies, shorter tails, and

C

longer bills.
D

The sentence should read. "Meadowlarks are about the same size as robins, but they have heavier bodies, shorter tails, and longer bills." Therefore, you should choose answer (B).

Example

ll

lt_E-----_e-

When overall exports exceed imBqrts, a country said

to have a trade surplus.

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Sample Answer

The sentence should read, "When overall exports exceed imports, a country is said to have a trade surplus." Therefore, you should choose answer (C). Now begin work on the questions.

16, Warmer seawater temperatureg are causing coral bleaching, which make coral reefs more susceptible

ABC

to disease and permanent loss.

l)

rapid by a process called fission. 17. --Bacteria qrow in colonies and can be reproduced quite -T--D-

A-----B--

18. The arquments for deep-sea exploration are similarwith the reasons for sending man to the moon. 19. The latest clean-diesel automobile, introduced at the 2010 Paris Motor ShoW is expected doing quite

---T-E._T_--D

ABCD

well in European markets.

20. One of the significant social phenomene

of adults in eduealignal pursuits.

of our time beinq the increased interest and participation

CD

21. Thelargestcontrjbutedfactortotheincreaseofgreenhousegassesistheburninqoffossilfuels. -_-_T--T--T-_--_D-

22. Ashmont Primary School

in London is the first school which decided to outsourcinq part of the teachinq

A-__-_B:--__d-

of mathematics to lndia via the internet.

T-

23.

ln March 2010, ten energy companies have b,een qiven the green light to set up wave and tidal farms

off the coast of Scotland in ling with the plan to oroyide energy to 750,000 homes by 201S.
B

CD

24. For primary school children e-learning

and engages them in a different way.
D

is a novelty that catches

tfiirs

attention

tonger periods

25. Mgst of experts believe that theLe js a causal link between the economic orosperitv of a nation and -D*

--e--

the health of its people.

26. An educational psychologist shakinq public opinion

in 1967 by claiming that qenetic components had a

B

far more decisive influence on lQ levels than environmentalfactors

CD

27. Valium,

a drug presgribed as a safe and fast-actinq tranquilizer, was found years later to be

AB

hiqhly addiction.

CD

28. Short-wave radiation in the lorm of visible ultra-violet light from the sun penetrates atmosphere,

il-----e-

thereby warming the earth's surface.

D

29. The government

of Uganda has pursuit a comprehensive poverty reduction strategy which addresses

the issues of access to appropriate and adequate health care.

----e-D

---E--

----5--

30. Encoulterinq

a sharp decrease in crocodile population, Australia took swift steps to protect and expand

--B-

existence crocodile habitats.

31

. __l{------_-E-,C Historians combine social, econogtical, and political events of a country in]o a general story, and explain
how they have shaped the course of the nation.
D

32.

ln.the early 17th century, Korea, whicJr it had seen the undesirable effects of colonization, protected

AB

X*Uffg

CD

outside influences, and became a 'closed'country.

33'

Doctors are saying that

lg10qcldggg
![g disease.

may

EFy

the onset of Alzheimer's disease,

so they do not

address the root cause of

34. Dormantfor400vears, MountSinabung ' ---i unexgectedlverupted inAugust2010, sending hugecloudsof -:r
B

gaseous smoke and ash into the sky and

!.tr

thousands of people

b#*

their homes.

35.

A new study comparinq organic strawbenies with conveQtionally grown ones reveal that organic strawbenies

ABCD

taste much better and are more nutritious.

36. Crocodiles
stomach.

do not chew tl,reir food, but they swallow !! in large chunks which is then broken down in the

----e-

T-

37. A student

majolinq in accounting must to

e-arn an average of C for all cogrses, including not only

-----

accounting courses

bu.f,!*

history.

38. Found in Tanzania, the three-Jn!.llions-vear-old fossils were estimated

be discovered.

to be

oldest human remains to

39. Translations should be done careful so that

-I-

!!e accuracy '

T-

of the original manuscript is preserved.

-c

-D

40. The computer company Dell, known for it's environmental policies such as banninq the export of e-waste

-T-

to devglooino countries,

CD

rqlks No 1 in Newsweek's 2010 Green Rankings.

sEcfloN

VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION

Directions: ln this section you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by questions about
it. Choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), for each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the oval that corresponds to the letter of your answer choice. Answer all questions based on what is stated or implied in the passage. Read the following passage: A new hearing device is now available for some hearing-impaired people. This device uses a magnet to hold the detachable sound-processing portion in place. Like other aids, it converts sound into vibrations, But it is unique in that it can transmit the vibrations directly to the magnet, and then Line to the inner ear. This produces a clearer sound. The new device will not help all (5) hearing-impaired people, only those with a hearing loss caused by infection or some other problem in the middle ear. lt will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems. Those people, however, who have persistent ear infections should find relief and restored hearing with the new device. ExamPle

l: purpose?

What is the author's main

\::/ @OOO \'Y-/

sampre Answer

(A) to describe a new cure for ear infections (B) to inform the reader of a new device (C) to urge doctors to use a new device (D) to explain the use of a magnet

The author's main purpose is to inform the reader of a new device for hearing-impaired people. Therefore, you should choose answer (B).
ExamPle

ll: means

sampte Answer

The word "relief in line 7 (A) less distress (B) assistance (C) distraction (D) relaxation

O @O @

The phrase "less distress" is similar in meaning to "relief in this sentence. Therefore, you should choose answer (A).
Now begin with the questions.

Questions 41 - 50
Children's multicultural literature plays an increasingly significant role in early childhood

classrooms. Multicultural literature - literature that focuses on people of color, religious minorities, regional cultures, the disabled, and the aged - plays a significant role in the development of children's Line cross-cultural understanding. A,s societies become an increasingly complex blend of ethnicity, family (5) structure, shared values, spirituai beliefs, and socioeconomic class, this cultural and linguistic
diversity has heightened awareness of and sensitivity to the needs of all people. High-quality multicultural literature has the capacity to foster children's understanding of and respect for their own cultures, as well as the cultures of others. ln her poignant book Against Borders, Hazel Rochman (1993) explains the overall purpose of multicultural literature: Agood book can help to (10) breakdown barriers. Books can make a difference in dispelling prejudice and building community: not with role models and literal recipes, not with noble messages about the human family, but with enthralling stories that make us imagine the lives of others. A good story lets you know people as individuals in all their particularity and conflict; and once you see someone as a person - flawed, complex, striving - then you've reached beyond stereotype. Stories, writing them, telling them, sharing (t5) tnem, transforming them, enrich us and connect us and encourage us to know each other. Quality multicultural literature defies stereotypes and biases while providing a window into the lives of diverse people. lt has the added benefit of helping children recognize unfairness and consider multiple perspectives and values, while providing models for challenging inequity. Selection of quality children's multicultural literature begins with the same criteria that apply to (20) selecting quality children's literature in general: the literary elements of plot, characterization, setting, theme, and point of view must be intenruoven to create a convincing story in an age-appropriate manner. Caregivers and teachers also would be wise to examine illustrations and pictures for authenticity and accuracy. lt is especially important that real people, real situations, and authentic illustrations be depicted. These realistic elements are instrumental in children's ability to comprehend (25) text and make meaningful connections from the story. Other important characteristics of quality multicultural literature include believabie characters and realistic life styles with which ehildren can identify, authentic ianguage, and historical accuracy. ldeally, selected children's books represent a variety of settings and themes, providing opportunities for children to consider multiple perspectives and values. These criteria are the hallmark of high-quality multicultural literature. As Rochman (1993) eloquently asserts, "The best books break down borders, they surprise us and change our views of ourselves; they extend that phrase 'like me' to include what we thought was foreign and strange". This changing view of oneself is especially important for children to consider at a young age if they are to embrace true multiculturalism. Additionally, the reader is urged to choose a variety of genres and cultures for read-aloud rather than using a single book to represent a particular (35) culture. Finally, because classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse, the messages that teachers promote through the books they select and read should convey respect for diverse cultures. Aside from providing a greater appreciation and understanding of the self and others, multicultural literature also boosts crucial literacy skills in the areas of oral language development, vocabulary growth, comprehension, inference making, analyticalskills, imagination, and creativity. ln particular, (40) rich language is embedded within multicultural literature. When children listen to multicultural literature, they are exposed to more challenging vocabulary and unfamiliar concepts. These often include specialized information pertaining to geography, ethnicity, custrlms, and vocabulary associated with traditions of people across the globe.

(30)

41. According

to the passage, multicultural literature focuses on all of the following, EXCEPT

42. The word "foster"

in line 7 can be best replaced by which of the following?

(A) Senior and minority citizens (B) People of different political views (C) People with disabilities (D) Culturaltradition

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Encourage
Explain Share Reach

43. How does the author view the book Agarnsf Borderwritten by Hazel Rochman?

47. According to the writer, realistic imagery is

(A) Fullof prejudice (B) Unrealistic (C) Moving (D) Complex

M. ln her book, Hazel Rochman suggests all of
the following as the purposes of multicultural literature EXCEPT (A) To remove racialbarriers (B) To humanize people (C) To set prejudice aside (D) To support stereotyping Which of the following words in paragraph 2 CANNOT be used as examples of "unfairness"? (A) Prejudice (B) Conflict (C) lnequity (D) Bias
46. Which of the following would be most likely the main idea of paragraph 3? (A) Factors to consider when choosing

important because it helps children make meaningfut associations from the story (B) assists teachers to retell the stories in a lively way (C) gives children role models appropriate for their age (D) indicates that people are complex and

(A)

flawed

48. ln which of the following paragraphs does the writer highlight the importance of diversity in classroom reading? (A) Paragraph 1

(B) Paragraph 2 (C) Paragraph 3 (D) Paragraph 4

49. The word "these" in line 4'l refers to

(A) Children and multicultural literature (B) Crucial literacy skills of language
development

(C) Challenging vocabulary and unfamiliar

concepts

(D) Traditions

of peopte across the globe

(B)

(C)

(D)

children's multicultural literature are identical to those applied when choosing any children's books. ln addition to other common criteria of quality children's books, multicultural literature must also regard illustrations, characters and settings. Multicultural literature must ideally be able to represent real people and situations, realistic lifestyles and deplct authentic illustrations. True multicultural literature will provide children a greater appreciation and understanding of the self and others.

50. How does multicultural literature benefit

children? (A) By teaching them new concepts and expanding their vocabulary (B) By enabling them to understand people better and improving their literacy skills (C) By enhancing their crreativity and power of analysis (D) By providing role modets and rules of proper behavior

Questions 51 -60
New University of Arizona (UA) research indicates that leaf vein patterns correlate with functions such as carbon intake and water use knowledge that could help scientists better understand the complex carbon cycle that is at the heart of global climate warming, Leaves have very different Llne networks of veins. They have different shapes, different sizes, and different thicknesses. The really (5/ interesting question is how a leaf with a certain form produces a certain function. The researchers developed a mathematical model to predict the functions of leaves based on three properties of the vein network: density, distance between veins and number of loops, or enclosed regions of smaller veins much like capillaries in humans. Vein density reflects l.row much energy and resources the leaf has invested in the network, while distance between veins shows how (10) well the veins are supplying resources to the leaf. The number of loops is a measure of the leaf,s resilience and plays a role in determining its lifespan. lf the veins reconnect often and part of the leaf becomes damaged, resources can be circulated through different pathways. The vein network inside of a leaf is like most of the importani organ iystems in a person, lt is like the skeleton because it holds the whole leaf up and lets it capturJ suntight and not get blown over (15) in a windstorm. lt is like the circulatory system because it is distiibuting waier trom tneloots up to ati the cells within the leaf, and it is also bringing resources from the leaf 6ack to the rest of the plant after photosynthesis has happened. lt is also like a nervous system because there are chemical signals that are transmitted to the leaves from other parts of the ptant through tfre iiquia in the veins" This is important for the function of the leaf because when this one structuri is implicated in so many (20) different patterns, clearly there are going to be tradeotfs between being able to Oo att of these ditferent functions well' For example, a leaf with t,u*ry loopy network of veins frignt tive longer, but it will also cost a lot of carbon, which plants absorb from carbon dioxide in the atmdsphere, toievelop that vein

network.

Carbon can only get into leaves through little pores on the leaf surface, and when carbon comes out. Plants with denser vein networks veins that are closer together are able to withstand higher levels of water loss and absorb more carbon. Unfortunately, that doesn't mean you should plant trees with dense leaf vein networks if you want to save the planet. lt becomes a little bit more ditficult to seale up beyond there because plant is not only just its leaves: lt's also the trunk and the roots and so on. The important thing to think (30/ about is that other parts of the plant are going to be contributing to the carbon cycle also in terms of decomposition or other large-scale environmental effects. The researchers' model successfully predicted relationships among photosynthetic rate, lifespan, carbon cost and nitrogen cost for more than 2,500 species woridwide bised on globaldata. But that does not mean it will work on a local scale. To find out, the team tested leaves iom 25 plant (35) species on the UA campus. While initial results appear to show that the modelwillwork, the team has not tested enough samples to know if it successfully predicts relationships in leaf function on a
(25) in, which is something good for the plant, water also comes

case-specific basis,

51. Which

of the following attributes of leaves that is most crucial to scientists in understanding theirwork functions? (A) Theirvariety in shapes (B) Their range of colors (C) Their different tife spans (D) Their likeness in size

52. The following questions can be answered

network?

information in paragraph 2 EXCEpT (A) What are the characteristics of the vein

by

(B) What is the function of the teaf stem? (C) Which vein property affects a leaf,s age? (D) How is the btood circulatory system irr
humans similar to the vein system in
ieaves?

53

The distance between the leaf veins can determine which of the following? (A) How efficient the veins' supply system is (B) How much energy is deposited in the vein
network

58. According to the passage, denser vein

(C) What resources are kept in the network (D) How long the leaf willsurvive
M. Which of the following occurrences may
change the route travelled by the resources? (A) When veins are not dense enough (B) When the distance between the veins gets too far (C) When parts of the leaf malfunction (D) When the veins cannot reconnect
55. The word "it" in line 14 refers to (A) the leaf (B) the vein network (C) the skeleton (D) sunlight 56. Which of the following is TRUE about how the vein network resembles the nervous system in

networks are not the definite solution to carbon reduction because (A) the amount of carbon absorbed by leaves with dense vein networks is very little (B) leaves with dense vein networks will cause a high level of water loss (C) the carbon cycle in nature will be slowed down by denser vein networks (D) the contribution of other parts of the plants to the carbon cycle should also be considered
59. It can be inferred from the passage that the

researcherteam

(A)
(B) (C) (D)

limited their research to plant species found in the University of Arizona will conduct more tests to verify their mathematical model failed to predict the relationship between vein patterns and functions did not obtain desirable results in their
initial experiments

humans? (A) The vein network enables the whole tree

60.

to stand up.

(B) The vein network circulates resources

after the photosynthesis process is completed. (C) The liquid in the vein helps other parts of the plants that do not function well. (D) The vein network carries out the transmission of signals.
57

ln which of the following paragraphs does the writer mention the tradeoffs between different leaf functions? (A) Paragraphs 1 and 2 (B) Paragraphs 2 and 3 (C) Paragraphs 3 and 4 (D) Paragraphs 4 and 5

Which of the following best expresses the

opposite meaning of the term "dense" in line
27?

(A) Transparent (B) Crowded (C) Void (D) Sparse

Questions 61 - 70
Natural calamities are inevitable. One of them is earthquake. ln simple terms, one can call earthquake as shaking and vibration of the earth. Frequent volcanic activities and constant movement of tectonic plates underground are palpable causes of earthquakes, Basicaily, the earth Crust is constituted of a solid core, molten magma mantle and the tectonic Line plates. Theie plates are in constant motion due to the convection currents of the magma and hbnce (5) are either sliding against each other or moving away from each other. Although there is constant motion under the glounds, none of these are felt by us. Due to this constant motion over the years, mountains and valleys are formed, with the former being formed when plates converge, causing one plate to go below the other. However if the plates move in different directions, sliding against each lot of kinetic (10) other, drje to the friction generated, some sections of them lock together, causing a point these plates is of friction between the contains which intersection of The line energy to build up. in the called fractures are often fault lines earthquake These line. fault ofteriinown as the earthquake point of from the is released energy stored the plates moving, start earth,s crust. So when the intersection (also known as the hypocenter), in the form of an earthquake. There are four types of earthquake. Tectonic earthquake is triggered when there is a lot of strain and stress exerted on the tectonic plates. For instance, if you take a twig and try to bend it, you can feel energy building up through the twig, until it snaps. Once snapped, the twig vibrates, releasing energy. The same is what happens in a tectonic earthquake. Take an example from San Andreas faufin California, where two plates, the Pacific plate and the North American plate were involved. Boffithese plates were moving in northwesterly direction, with one moving faster, due to which the tension created due to the friction of the plates caused an earthquake. Tectonic earthquakes are most common and keep happening all the time under the earth's crust, in both land and the ocean. Volcanic eruptions can also cause earthquakes. Many a time, the acidic lava that is vented out cools down as soon as it comes in touch with the atmosphere outside. This cooling blocks the (2S) volcanic vent and the pressure built inside gets trapped. But the pressure needs to be released in some way or the other and so chooses the weakest of the volcanic plates to escape through. This eventually causes massive and powerful earthquakes that can also give rise to tsunamis, pertaining to the seismic waves, or ripples it has created. A significant example of this type is the explosion of Krakatoa (of lndonesia), whose repercussion was a massive earthquake that rattled Java and Sumatra (30) islands. However, volcanoes that vent out basic lava do not cause earthquakes. Small ripples that occur in mines and underground caverns are known as collapse earthquakes. These earthquakes are also factored by massive landslides, or a mine burst which could happen due to intense stress on the rocks constituting the mines, causing large masses of rocks to displace. This eventually leads to collapsing of a mine, and hence is known as a collapse earthquake. Detonation of nuclear devices can also set off earthquakes, more commonly known as explosion earthquakes. This occurs, when enormous nuclear energy is released during underground nuclear explosions, which when bottled within" increases a thousand times more than the atmospheric pressure, in intensity. Surrounding rocks get vaporized, leaving behind a mammoth cavity which is many meters in diameter. Some of the most earthquake prone regions are Japan, lndonesia, Java and Sumatra, New Zealand, Hawaiian islands and Andaman & Nicobar islands. One can observe that islands and high mountain regions are most prone to earthquakes due to the active tectonic plate movement in such

(15)

pq

(SO)

(40)

areas.

Effects of an earthquake can be very cataclysmic, depending on the complex combination of (45) earthquake magnitude, the distance from the epicenter, and the local geologicaland geomorphological conditions, which may amplify or reduce wave propagation. Hence, people in earthquake prone regions prefer to build wooden houses and do not use too many automobiles for commuting. This is one way to cut down on materialistic and life damage. Also the movements of birds and animals are watched closely, because any deviance observed in their behavior indicates the (50) coming of a natural calamitY.

61. Whatwould be the most appropriate title for

the text?

67. ln the passage, the author suggests that (A) All natural calamities, including
earthquakes, are avoidable.

(A) Earthquake and Other NaturalCalamities (B) WhatCausesAn Earthquake (C) Tectonic Earthquakes and Their Prone
(D)
Regions How to Prevent Earthquake Damage

(B) Wooden houses are not recommended for

earthquake regions.

(C) Regions with islands and high mountains

are earthquake-prone.

(D) Only naturally occurring earthquakes can

cause enormous damage.
68. Seismic waves that occur in an excavation site is an attribute of which of the following

62. The word "palpable" in line 3 can be best

replaced by which of the following? (A) Predictable (B) Constant

(C) (D)

lndefinite Evident

The word "them" in line 10 refers to (A) Frictions (B) Convection currents (C) Tectonic plates (D) Fractures

earthquakes? (A) Collapseearthquake (B) Explosion earthquake (C) Tectonic earthquake

(D) Volcanicearthquake
69. A type of eadhquake that can leave a gigantic hole in the ground is described in which of the following paragraph?

64. Which of the following can form an earthquake

fault line? (A) Plates interlocking, generating frictions (B) Converging of plates, one below the other (C) Stored energy released from hypocenter (D) Cooled acidic lava from volcanic vent

(A) (B) (C) (D)

70

Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4 Paragraph 5 Paragraph 6

The effects of an earthquake vary in severity depending on all of the following factors
EXCEPT

65. According to the passage, which of the

following statements about tectonic plates is

NOTcorrect?

(A) They are part of the elements

(B)
(C) (D)

of the earth crust. Plates converge to form mountains and

(A) The movementof animals (B) The amount of energy released (C) The distance to the epicenter (D) Local geographical conditions

valleys. They caused underground movementthat cannot be felt. They constantly move against or away from each other.
in

66. The writer mentioned Krakatoa explosion

the text as an example of (A) A powerful volcanic eruption that vented out basic lava (B) A massive volcanic explosion caused by tsunami (C) An explosion that caused a great earthquake and tsunami (D) An eruption caused by intense stress of volcanic rocks

Questions 71 '80
The physical acts of refloating sunken or stranded vessels together with any cargoes on board are defined as salvage operations. The towing of disabled vessels to safe ports is not properly considered to be salvage but service rendered. However, towage service when performed by salvors part of a salvage operation. Line after a vessel is refloated may be considered as a or strandrng. Each presents its individual problems primarily as sinking (5) Every case is classified of methods. These are determined by the combination demanding the use of certain methods or can be acquired only by experience over many knowledge salvage engineer, whose highly specialized physics. knowledge of existing and potentialweather Local years ptus iommon sense application of of the operation is of great importance. timing tonditions as far as they affect the method and resulting from collision with other a stranding, (10) The cause of the casualty*whether a sinking or ships, or damage bccasioned by explosion, fire, striking submerged rocks, reefs, or objects-and the depth of water in which the ship lies determine the physical and economic feasibility of the undertaking. ln stranding cases,'the essential factors in refloating are the nature of the shoreline where the (1S) vessel lies, the degree of exposure to the etfects of winds and sea, the season of the year, the range of tidal differences between high and low, and the weights of cargo, fuel, and water that can be removed to lighten the dead weight of the vessel as it lies on the sea to increase the buoyancy. Equally important for the economic consideration is the known existing damage to vessel and cargo, the probable increase in damage to the vessel by pounding on the sea bottom before or during (20) refloaling or due to the jettisoning of cargo to increase buoyancy. The methods of refloating a sunken ship are determined by the damage that caused the ship to sink, the depth of water in which it lies, tidal or other currents, probable weather conditions expected during salvage operations, and availability of necessary equipment and skilled personnel such as divers. Paramount in any operation is the salved value of ship and cargo balanced against the (25) estimated cost of the refloating and restoration of the vessel to comply with classification and
govern ment requirement.

Salvage operations are usually undertaken by professionalsalvage companies, which maintain salvage velsels fully equipped with the anchors, cables, wires, ropes, portable pumps, air compiessors, large and small machine tools, drilling and blasting tools, diving gear for numbers of (30) diveis, and a variety of bolts, nuts, pipe, steel plates, timber planks and caulking materials, air and water hose, and an infinite number of other items. Salvage vessels are specifically designed and built for the intended service. They must be fast and powerful, capable of traveling long distances, of towing the salvaged ships to safe ports of repair, and must be seaworthy to combat the severest gales with their attendant wave conditions. Modern salvage ships represent the investment of many hundreds of (35) thousands of dollars.

71. The following

are questions that the passage

72. With which

tries to address EXCEPT (A) What is a salvage oPeration? (B) How can salvage oPerations be classified? (C) What factors must be considered in

(D) Who

salvage oPerations? can own professionalsalvage

comPanies?

of the following would the author probably agree? (A) lt takes a significant amount of money to buy modern salvage shiPs. (B) Salvage operation is the same as towing service. (C) Salvage cases can hardly be divided into sinking and stranding. (D) Government requirements can be overlooked in any salvage operation'

73. lt can be inferred from paragraph

cause of the (A) can result from natural (B) is not important in either a sinking or a stranding (C) is a more significant factor than the

the 78. ln paragraph 6, the author mentions the equipment needed in a vessel to indicate that (A) professional salvage companies are disasters. case encumbered by the numerous things case. they must provide. depth (B) it takes a little preparation to sail a of the water. salvage vessel. (D) plays an important role in deciding (C) salvage operations can be carried out by whether the operation can be using any vessel. (D) it is the standard that professional undertaken or not. casualty
3 that

salvage companies have to afford.

74. Theword "it" in line (A) weight (B) vessel (C) tuel (D) water
meaning to

17 refers to

79. The author would probably use of the following

words to describe salvage vessels EXCEPT

75. The word "jettisoning" in line 20 is closest in

(A) (B) (C) (D)

ghastly.

costly.
speedy. strong.
in writing this passage is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

preserving storing discarding hiding

80. The author's purpose

to

(A) compare traditional

76. Which of the following best expresses

the opposite meaning of the word "paramount" in line24? (A) Essential (B) Trivial (C) Gratuitous
(D)
Moderate of the

(B)

salvage operations with modern salvage operations.

inform that equipment is secondary in

salvage operations.

(C) elucidate the meaning, classification, and

factors of salvage operations.

(D) convince that only professional salvage

engineers can undertake salvage operations.

77. According to the passage, which

following is NOT a factor that determines the refloatin g salvage operation? (A) necessary equipment (B) skillfulhuman resources (C) weather conditions during the accident (D) the depth of the water

Questions 81 - 90
speeds and a tiresome wait for a video to load. Redeveloping the whole architecture of the lnternet is an option recently discussed even by lnternet pioneers. However, a group of European engineers to monitor traffic and tailor services to meet demand. Line decided to go the opposite way and (5) There ii no single entity behind the lnternet. lt is made up of different networks that are managed manage what data is being sent and or operators by service providers. Thesi service providers multimedia streaming or browsing, web of simple monitor the amount of traffic being used in terms what experts call too dense, is network a peer to peer file sharing. When the data traffic on ibotflenecks', can occu-r, slowing the delivery of information to your computer, which can result in a (tO) slower lnternet exPerience. A EUREKA-backed project entitled TRAMMS, for Traffic Measurements and Models in MultiService networks, incorporiting teams from Sweden, Hungary and Spain, aimed to solve this issue by gaining access to lnternet networks run by operators in both Sweden and Spain and monitoring traffic 6ver a-period of three years. This gave them an excellent insight into user behavior, enabling them to (15) accurately measure nLtwork tratfic so that in the future, service providers know how much capacity is needed and can avoid bottlenecks. The particularity of this research project is that the team of experts taking part in it was given guard this access to very seniitive data on lnternet traffic measurements. Operators normally tend to "lnternettraffic very are measurements information jealously as it constitutes their core business. project and of the (20) difficult to finO if you are not an operator," says Mr. Andreas Aurelius, coordinator has normally field senior scientist atAcreo,AB, one of the project partners. Previous research in this been limited to campus networks, and limited to a geographical area. "That is one of the unique things about this project," he says. "We were using data in access networks, not campus networks as most researchers do." Another question that springs to mind is how the team was able to acquire all of this information without flouting any privacy laws. The answer is that through agreements with the operators, the partners nad icceis to certain information, but not all of it. "The information was post-processed, so it only contained data. lt wasn't linked to any customers or lP addresses. We could see what type of application was being used, for example if it was peer to peer, but we couldn't see what file was (30) downloaded," explains Mr. Aurelius. Getting access to such delicate information was a great coup for the project, and as a result the privacy concerns were taken very seriously' Transnational partnerships and multicultural issues didn't seem to affect the TRAMMS project, as some of the partners had already worked together on previous projects, so they gelled togetherwell' ,,There was a tighter bond between the national partners," says Mr. Aurelius, but there were regular (35) international meetings with the partners which helped foster cooperation. ln the end, 11 partners successfully completed the project and the three countries involved complemented each other's areas of specialization, making the project a perfect example of international cooperation.

Weaknesses in the architecture behind the lnternet mean that surfing can sometimes lead to slow

(2s)

81. Which of the following would most likely

be

82. With which

the main idea of the entire Passage? (A) The TRAMMS projectwas successfully set uP to make the lnternet faster. (B) Sensitive data are prone to being the source of jealousy among the lnternet operators. (C) Despite multicultural issues, cooperation between TRAMMS Partners remain
solid.

of the following statements would the author probably agree? (,A) lncreasing the lnternet speed requires no control of data traffic. (B) One single country can run the TRAMMS project effectivelY. (C) Privacy laws no longer need to be

protected in the TRAMMS Project.

(D)The lnternet is a complex network service.

(D) Dense data traffic causes

connection.

a slow lnternet

83. The word "tiresome" in line 2 could best be

replaced by (A) gratifying.

Which of the following best expresses the opposite meaning of theword "coup"
in line 30?

(B) (C) (D)

dull. longed-for. petty.

(A) Achievement (B) Upheaval (C) Setback (D) Tumult

89. The author's tone in this passage could be

84. According to the passage, which of the

following is NOT TRUE aboutservice

providers?

(A)

best described as

They are keen on sharing information with

others.

(B) They managed data that are being sent on

the lnternet.

(C) They can also be called operators. (D) They control the lnternet traffic.
The word "them" in line 14 refers to

(A) dubious. (B) disapproving. (C) optimistic. (D) critical.

90. Which of the following questions about

(A) networks. (B) operators. (C) Sweden and Spain. (D) TRAMMS teams.
According to the passage, the TRAMMS project is unusual because (A) The team was using data on either campus or access networks. (B) The team could access sensitive information about I nternet traffic measurements. (C) A geographicalfactor impeded their
project.

transnational partnerships does the passage supply enough information to answer? (A) How often were international meetings for the TRAMMS project held? (B) What enabled the partners in the TRAMMS project to work together

verywell?

(C) What made the national partners have a (D) Why

tighter bond? did the three countries complement each other's area of specialization?

(D) Operators

had to be paid to share information with the team.

87. The author mentions privacy laws in paragraph 5 because '(A) When confidential information is shared, privacy will be an immediate concern. (B) Every country has different privacy laws. (C) Privacy concerns were taken lightly in the TRAMMS project. (D) The partners had access to all information.

Questions 91 - 100
Scorpions are the most primitive land arachnids and the oldest, being known from Silurian fossils, and they may have been the first land animals. These flattened, distinctively segmented animals are characterized by the presence of a poisonous sting on the end of the abdomen, the five

Line terminal segments of which are sharply narrowed to form a long, ringed, movable tail. The tail is (5) curled over the back so that the curved, spinelike sting is in position to strike insects, spiders, and
other small living animals that the scorpion preys on. The upper side of the cephalothorax (a combined head and thorax) is a flat carapace bearing a pair of large median eyes and a group of two to five small eyes on each side margin. The cephalotorax is broadly joined to the abdomen. The four pairs of walking legs are similar and relatively slender. Held out in front to test the terrain is a pair of (10) long, robust pedipalpi provided with stout pincers which are used to hold the pray. A small but strong pair of jawlike chelicerae in front of the mouth aids in crushing the body of the victim. The scorpion digests the soft parts of its prey by discharging a digestive fluid over them. The predigested food is then sucked through the mouth by the pharynx, which serves as both a pump and a strainer. As in all arachnids, the genital products are voided through a pore that opens on the ventral (15) lace of the second abdominal segment. lmmediately behind is a pair of comblike pectines found only in scorpions and thought to have a sensory function. Scorpions are solitary, nocturnal creatures that attack each other as readily as any other suitable prey. During mating the rnale extrudes to the ground a complicated spermatophore. He then graps the forelegs of the female and dances her into a position to accept the sperm mass. Whereas (20) most arachnids lay eggs, the scorpions are viviparous, bringing forth living young. The newly born scorpions mount the back of the mother and stay there until after their first molt, usually for about a week. During this period they consume the food stored in their bodies. The belief that these weak, tiny babies feed upon the body of the mother has no basis in fact. No less a fable is the classic story that scorpions commit suicide by stinging themselves when they are helplessly cornered or

(25) surroundedbyaringoffire.Duringfranticefforttoescape,thevictimstingsatrandom,sometimes striking its own body before succumbing.

Scorpions abound in humid tropical areas and in hot deserts, where they are represented by many species. The giants are great black creatures from tropicalAfrica, frequently 7 inches (180 mm) long, and the average size for the whole order is about half that length. Thirty or more species are found in the United States, chiefly in the South and Southwest, but some penetrate north to Virginia (30) in the East and even farther north in the West, where they range into the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan.

91. The following are questions that the passage

93. The following animals would most likely be a

tries to address EXCEPT (A) What do scorpions look like? (B) How do scorpions eat? (C) Howvenomous are scorpions? (D) Where can scorpions be easily found?

scorpion's prey EXCEPT

(A) beetles. (B) spiders. (C) grasshoppers. (D) birds.

94. According to the passage, the following are parts of a scorpion's body used to attack its victim EXCEPT

92. The word "carapace" in line 7 is closest in

meaning to

(A) (B)

body.

covering.

(C) waist. (D) tusk.

(A) the sting. (B) legs. (C) pincers. (D) chelicerae.

95. According to the passage, which of the

following is TRUE about (A) Their natural death is by

scorpions? stinging themselves. (B) The average size is 9 cm. (C) They like damp and cool areas. (D) They lay eggs. g6. The word "they" in line 24 refers to
(A)
arachnids.
aOuft

98. Which

of the following about scorpions is NOT supported by the passage? (A) They are active during the day (B) Their genital products are,similar to other arachnids. (C) There are some false beliefs about scorPions. (D) They attack other scorpions as aggressively as they attack their prey. are abundant in the following areas

igi

(C) female scorpions. (D) newly born scorpions.

opposite meaning of the word "frantic" in
25?

scorpions.

99. Scorpions
EXCEPT

97. Which of the following best expresses

the line

(A) Africa (B) Southern United States (C) Alaska (D) British Columbia
100. The passage would probably be a part of an

(A) composed (B) agitated (C) desperate (D) tense

assigned reading in which of the following courses?

(A) PaleontologY (B) GeograPhY (C) BiologY (D) Chemistry