RENEWABLE ENERGIES

2023284 Period:2013-1 Introduction to Renewable Energy

Lecture Schedule

Energy worldwide

Environmental and Global problems related with energy Overview of traditional Energy sources Review of renewable Energy sources Advantages and Limitations of alternative energy systems
Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE CarlosAndrs Forero.

Feb. 2013

Could you live without energy?

When do you need to use energy?

Which types of energy do you know?

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE CarlosAndrs Forero. Feb. 2013
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Fossil Fuel Overview

Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total primary energy supply by fuel (Mtoe)

Source:Key stats 2010 Mtoe:Million tonnes of oil equivalent (1 Mtoe = 41,9 PJ)

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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Electricity Generation by source

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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What is happening with the price..

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Human effects on the environment

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

GlobalWarming Acid Rain Unsafe drinking water Hazardous/ solid waste disposal Loss of plants and animal species,and human health and well-being OceanAcidification
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GlobalWarming

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to Ren

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Green House Gases (GHG)

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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OceanAcidification

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to REn

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CO2 emission by fossil fuels

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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CO2 concentration in the atmosphere

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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Energy consumption & CO2 production

Check these links. International Energy Agency Video

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Based on that, the humankind must develop technologies which harness cleaner resources for energy production.

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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Energy

Renewable:

Consumption rate is lower than production rate and wont decrease with time Clean: The process has not any environmental assessment related with wastes produced Uncommon or alternative: This resource is not known nor used at an specific area
Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE CarlosAndrs Forero. February 2013
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Sustainable Development

Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needsBrundtland

1987

Process of change in which the exploitation of resources,the direction of investments,the orientation of technical development,and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations
Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE CarlosAndrs Forero. February 2013
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Sustainable Development
How could we organize the renewable energy resources?? Solar power
Wind power Biomass Solar radiation Hydropower Wave energy Renewable sources Gravitational effect Ocean Thermal gradient Tidal energy

Thermal gradient

Geothermal

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Energy resources

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Renewable energy worldwide

Renewable energy share of global final energy consumption, 2010

Source: REN21

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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Renewable energy worldwide

Renewable energy share of global electricity production, 2011

Source: REN21

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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Renewable energy worldwide

Added during 2011 Power Generation (GW) Hydropower 25 970 Existing at end of 2011

Wind power
Biomass power Solar PV Geothermal Power Concentrating Solar Power

40
5,9 30 0,1 0,5

238
72 70 11,2 1,8

Ocean Power
Modern Biomass Heating Solar collectors for heating Geothermal heating Biodiesel production Ethanol production

0,3
Hot water/Heating (GWth) 10 >49 7 Transport fuels (Billion liters/year) 2,9 -0,4

0,5
290 232 58 21,4 86,1
CarlosAndrs Forero.
Source: REN21

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Renewable energy worldwide

Global new investments in Renewable energy

Source: REN21

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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Renewable energy worldwide

EU policies
Energy share

Source: REN21

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Hydropower

It provides about 20% of the worlds electricity.In the developing countries the proportion rises up to 40%

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

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Electricity Production from Hydropower

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Solar Energy
The amount of Solar Energy incident on the Earth is equivalent to 160 times the energy stored in the worlds proven reserves of fossil fuels From Solar Energy either heat or electricity could be produced.

SolarThermal Collectors Photovoltaic panels

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SolarThermal Collector

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SolarThermal Production potential

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Electricity generation by PVs

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Wind Energy

Wind energy offers potential to generate substantial amounts of electricity without the pollution problems of most conventional forms of energy

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Wind Energy Increase

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Wind Energy Power Production

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OffshoreWind Energy Potential

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Biomass

Biomass is considered neutral

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Biomass multiple processes

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Biomass Potential

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Geothermal Energy

Geothermal results from heat stored in rocks by Earths natural heat flow

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Geothermal Potential

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Tidal Energy
Tidal is the result of the interaction of the gravitational pull of the moon on the seas Tidal Energy involves the construction of a dam with a floodgate that opens when sea level increases and its closed after dam is full,then it opens when sea level decrease releasing water stored

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Wave Energy

Ocean waves are generated by wind passing over stretches of water The total power of waves breaking on the worlds coastlines is estimated at 2 to 3 million megawatts.In favorable locations wave energy density can average 65 megawatts per mile coastline.

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OceanThermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

This technology converts solar radiation to electric power.They use the oceans natural thermal gradient to drive a power producing cycle.

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Advantages / Disadvantages
Advantages Low Emissions
Sustainable Huge Potential

Disadvantages Cost (time dependent)

Intermittent Noise

Free Fuel
Decentralized Generation Employment

Geographically dependent
Low Energy Density New Infrastructure required Social Impacts

Low conversion efficiency

Research needed

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Disadvantages

Costs of Renewable Energy systems

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Advantages of RE

Decentralized energy production increase regional development. The modular character of the technologies allows gradual implementation,which is easier to finance;it offers the chance of rapid scale-up when required,and it gives shorter lead times between investment and return Energy/ political/ economic independence for nations and regions Lower overall environmental impact as compared with conventional systems
Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE CarlosAndrs Forero. Feb. 2013
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Advantages of RE

The use of broader range of sources implies a greater security of energy supply Increased employment,mainly in small and medium-sized enterprises,and stimulation of agriculture and rural employment in case of biomass The cost of energy is mainly determined by the investment implying higher cost stability and thus lower financial risk Short time between decision and implementation Reliability of electricity supply in decentralized applications
Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE CarlosAndrs Forero. Feb. 2013
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Advantages

Low GHG emissions

Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to REn

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Advantages

Huge Potential

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What we have and what we need..

Supply side CCS Fossil fuel power generation Nuclear power plants Onshore and offshore wind Biomass IGCCS and co-firing PVs systems Demand side Energy efficiency in buildings and appliances Heat pumps Water heating Energy efficiency in transport H2 fuel cell vehicles

Concentrating Solar Power Coal: IGCC

Coal: supercritical Second generation biofuels
Renewable Energy .- Lecture 1.Introduction to RE

CCS in industry and H2 fuel transformation Industrial motor system

Rural energy

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