Line Distance Protection IED REL 670

Substation Automation Products
REL670 - Line Distance Protection IED
ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 1
Contents Introduction
REL670 functionality Distance protection in REL670 Additional protection functions Control & Supervision functions Summary
Main application
Line distance protection terminal for: All voltage levels Directly earthed networks OH-lines Cables Double circuit lines Single-, two- or three pole trip
Main Characteristics
Line IED for protection, monitoring and control Building block in Substation Automation Systems Completely full scheme Functional flexibility Configuration flexibility Extensive self- supervision
Contents
Introduction
REL670 functionality
Distance protection in REL670 Additional protection functions Control and Supervision functions Communications and Tools Summary
Protection functions
= Option = Included
Current reversal & WEI logic for earth fault (EFCA) Current reversal & WEI logic for earth fault (EFCA) Scheme communication for earth fault (EFC) Scheme communication for earth fault (EFC) 4 stage earth fault protection (TEF) 4 stage earth fault protection (TEF) Instantaneous non-dir residual O/C (IEF) Instantaneous non-dir residual O/C (IEF) and phase overcurrent protection (IOC) and phase overcurrent protection (IOC) Time delayed 4 stage O/C protection (TOC) Time delayed 4 stage O/C protection (TOC) Current reversal & weak-end infeed (ZCAL) Current reversal & weak-end infeed (ZCAL) Scheme communication logic, (ZCOM) Scheme communication logic, (ZCOM) Power swing detection, (PSD) Power swing detection, (PSD) Local acceleration logic (PLAL) Local acceleration logic (PLAL)
ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007
Automatic switch onto fault (SOFT) Automatic switch onto fault (SOFT) Distance protection (ZM, GFPS) Distance protection (ZM, GFPS)
PSS-SAP/NRV 6
Protection functions
= Option = Included
General current & voltage measuring function, General current & voltage measuring function, 1 or 2 CB, (GF) 1 or 2 CB, (GF) Two stage time delayed residual over-voltage, Two stage time delayed residual over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TRV) 1 or 2 CB, (TRV)
Two stage time delayed over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TOV) Two stage time delayed over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TOV) Two stage time delayed under-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TUV) Two stage time delayed under-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TUV) Pole-discordance, 1 or 2 CB, (PD) Pole-discordance, 1 or 2 CB, (PD) Stub protection, 2 CB, (STB) Stub protection, 2 CB, (STB) Breaker failure protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP) Breaker failure protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP)
Thermal overload protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP) Thermal overload protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP) Distance protection with Mho characteristic Distance protection with Mho characteristic
PSS-SAP/NRV 7
Supervision and Control functions

= Option = Included
Apparatus control, single bay max 8 apparatuses Apparatus control, single bay max 8 apparatuses Autorecloser for 1, 2 &/or 3 ph, single, 1 or double CB, (AR) Autorecloser for 1, 2 &/or 3 ph, single, 1 or double CB, (AR) Synchrocheck & energizing check, 1,1 or double CB, (SYN) Synchrocheck & energizing check, 1,1 or double CB, (SYN) Fuse failure supervision, 1or 2 CB (FFD) Fuse failure supervision, 1or 2 CB (FFD) Current circuit supervision, 1 or 2 CB (CCS) Current circuit supervision, 1 or 2 CB (CCS)
Logics and monitoring functions

= Option = Included
Multiple command and transmit, single or double CB(CM, MT) Multiple command and transmit, single or double CB(CM, MT) Pulse-counter logic for metering, (PC) Pulse-counter logic for metering, (PC) Fault locator (FL) Fault locator (FL) Disturbance report (DR) Disturbance report (DR) Service value reading of U, I If, P,Q, S & power factor, (VP) Service value reading of U, f, P,Q, S & power factor, (VP) Trip matrix logic, 1or 2 CB, 12 instances (TR) Trip matrix logic, 1or 2 CB, 12 instances (TR) Single, two or three pole trip logic, 1 or 2 CB (TRP) Single, two or three pole trip logic, 1 or 2 CB (TRP)
Contents
Introduction Functionality
Main features in REL670

Distance protection in REL670 Additional protection functions Control and Supervision functions Communications and Tools Summary
PSS-SAP/NRV 10
Main features in REL670

Typical operate time: One cycle Full scheme with simultaneous measurement in each loop and advanced phase selection Very low requirement of time to saturation for CTs including maximum remanence Complete software library for all applications Full Bay control functionality available(Option).
PSS-SAP/NRV 11
Contents
Introduction Functionality Main features in REL670
Distance protection in REL670

Other protection functions Control and monitoring functions Communications and Tools Summary
PSS-SAP/NRV 12
Distance Protection algorithm

Measuring algorithm
Same reliable algorithm as REL5xx
I XS XL RL
X . di u = i .R + . o dt
PSS-SAP/NRV 13
Export and import of load

A
Export
ZL Um Z< Um Z<
Import
B
No compensation
Export
Adaptive compensation
Import
ZL
PSS-SAP/NRV 14
ZM: Operation characteristic for Ph-Ph loops

jX ( / phase)
RFPP/2 R1 RFPP/2
Characteristic for Ph-Ph loops Fault resistance for reverse direction is defined from the Yaxes Few setting parameters = easy handling
R ( / phase)
ArgNegRes
X1
ArgDir X1
Setting parameters for forward direction in blue
R1+RFPP/2
RFPP/2
PSS-SAP/NRV 15
ZM:Operating characteristic Ph-E

Quadrilateral characteristic improves sensitivity Independent setting of:
Reactive reach direction Resistive reach direction Directionality
ZM: Setting parameters Setting parameters for measuring zones:

Positive sequence resistive reach: R1 ( /phase) Positive sequence reactive reach: X1 ( /phase) Zero sequence resistive reach: R0 ( /phase) Zero sequence reactive reach: X0 ( /phase) Fault resistance for phase-phase fault: RFPP ( /loop) Fault resistance for phase-earth fault: RFPE ( /loop)
ZM: Setting parameters

Each zone can
be set On/Off be set NonDir/ Forw/Rev
For each zone

The Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops can individually be set On/Off
Individual timers for Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loop Both Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops have a settable minimum operating current IMinOpPP, respective IMinOpPE and IMinOpIN
PSS-SAP/NRV 18
Phase selection (PS)

The main objective is
To release the Measuring zones for phase selective tripping To give indication of faulty phase(s)
To ensure secure operation of the phase selector in case of combination of line to earth fault and phase to phase fault there is a check of the relation between IN and Iph which is used to release the correct fault loop
Phase Selection
Phase to earth fault
X
Phase to phase fault

X
/loop
X1 RFFwPE
/phase
Kr X1 RFFwPP/2
RFRvPE
Kr
RFRvPP/2
X1+XN 60 deg R
X1 60 deg R X1 60 deg
/loop
X1+XN 60 deg Kr = 1 / tan(60deg)
/phase
Kr = 1 / tan(60deg)
RFRvPE
Kr
X1
RFFwPE
RFRvPP/2
Kr X1
RFFwPP/2
PSS-SAP/NRV 20
General Fault & Phase Selection

Three phase fault
X
Easy to coordinate GFPS-ZM

X
90 deg
2 X1 K3
RFFwPP K3 R
RFRvPP K3
K3 = 2 / sqrt(3)
30 deg
Load encroachment
X
ZM3 ZM4
Maximum Load Angle
ZM2
ZM1
LOAD R
TRIP ZM4
ZM5
Fault Resistance (RFPE, RFPP/2)
Minimum Load Resistance
PSS-SAP/NRV 22
Load encroachment
Load encroachment allows
better fault resistance coverage without interference with load
Releases the measuring zones including the phase selection for phase selective tripping
Contents
Introduction Functionality Main features in REL670 Distance protection in REL670
Other protection functions

Control and monitoring functions Communications and Tools Summary
PSS-SAP/NRV 24
4-step Earth fault protection (TEF)
Four stage Earth overcurrent.
IF
Each stage can be set Off, Nondirectional, Forward or Reverse Each stage can be Definite- or Inverse time delayed. Taylor made curve is available Each stage can be blocked from second harmonic inrush currents.
UL1+UL2+UL3
IN>
Directional polarizing from calculated UL1+UL2+UL3 or by external Open delta to a separate Analogue input.
4
PSS-SAP/NRV 25
Distance protection - Communication schemes

Permissive system
A B
The communication schemes are of two basic types: Permissive schemes, where a permissive condition to trip is sent. Gives high security but lower dependability.
underreaching, overreaching,
Z<
Z<
Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under- or overreach Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received
Blocking system
B
Blocking schemes, where a blocking signal preventing "instantaneous tripping" is sent. Gives high dependability but lower security.
Z<
Z<
Carrier send CS = Z< Reverse zone
Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received &T0

PSS-SAP/NRV 26
_____________
Distance protection - Unblocking schemes

Permissive system
A B
21
21
Z<
Z<
The loss of communication guard is considered equal to a received signal and accelerate the tripping Continuously During a time window The signal PLC Guard is connected to the GRG input in ZCOM logic.
Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under or overreach Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received or Loss of PLC Guard signal.
Local acceleration logic Features

Instantaneous trips for faults on the whole line length without telecommunication
Operation mode zone extension

An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous
Operation mode loss of load

An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous if the current in one or two phases get low
Selective trip at auto reclosing

PSS-SAP/NRV 28
Current reversal logic

21 21
21
Z< Z<
21
Z<
CS CR
21
Z< Z<
21
Z<
CS CR?
21
21
Z<
Z<
ZM2
CR 60 & 40
&
Trip
ZM3R
&
Carrier send
PSS-SAP/NRV 29
Weak-End Infeed
L1N/L2N A Forw L1N/L2N B
L1N
Z<
Z< WEI
Z<
Z< WEI
For cases when one side has a weak, or non-existant source a WEI logic is advantageous. Strong side will send Permissive OVERREACH signal. At Weak-end the signal received will be
mirrored back on detection of low voltage to accelerate the strong end tripping Tripping with local undervoltage (Ph-Ph, Ph-E) check logic
PSS-SAP/NRV 30
Power swing detection

jX
ZL X1InFw * KLdRFw X1InFw R1FInRv R1FInRv * KLdRRv KLdRRv*RLdOutRv R1FInFw
Based on the same principles as REL5xx but:

L L
ARGLd
Load encroachment algorithm introduced

Allows better fault resistance coverage without interference with load
R
RLdOutRv
L
R1LIn
RLdOutFw KLdRFw*RLdOutFw
X1InRv
X1InRv * KLdRRv
PSS-SAP/NRV 31
Switch On To Fault (SOTF)

U=0 V
Z<
jX ( / phase)
Zone2 or Zone3 Zone1 ArgNegRes
A basic protection function which enables instantaneous trip at closing of breaker. Non directional to cover zero voltage due to forgotten earthing switch Two versions: A binary input (bc) which releases the SOTF overreaching zone at breaker closing command Internal measurement detects that no voltage and no current is available for a certain time(DLD). The instantaneous, non directional measurement is then activated internally.
L
R ( / phase)
ArgDir
An overreaching zone shall be used to allow operation also at AR achieving trip for all line faults
PSS-SAP/NRV 32
STUB protection
Instantaneous overcurrent protection of busbar connection (STUB) when a line disconnector is open Required in Multi-breaker arrangements with CVT (VT) on line side of DS Z< (21) function cannot measure when line disconnector is open and must be blocked.
Trip
Line discon.
open
25 ms
&
I STUB >
PSS-SAP/NRV 33
Fuse Failure Supervision

Measuring quantities are selectable between:
IL
zero sequence voltage and current: U0 > Uref and I0 = 0 negative sequence voltage and current: U2 > Uref and I2 = 0 Sudden change in current and voltage:
>Z
DI/Dt and DU/Dt Programmable influence on the operation of zone measuring elements
PSS-SAP/NRV 34
Single Pole Tripping

Simultaneous and independent measurement for all fault loops in separate phase selectors is necessary for correct phase selection and single pole tripping because:
Line faults represent 85% of all faults in power systems 75% of the line faults are single phase to earth faults 5% of the line faults are evolving faults 80-95% are transient.
T R S
R S T
PSS-SAP/NRV 35
Auto-Reclosing
Input signals typical connections
CB ready CB closed
From high priority AR

PSS-SAP/NRV 36
Auto Reclosing
Single-/ Two-/ Three-phase reclosing programs
Program
1 2
1st attempt
2nd attempt
3rd and 4st attempt
3 phase 1/2/3 phase
3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 1 phase 2 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase
3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase -------
3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase -------
3 4 5
1/2 phase (No 3 phase) 1/2 phase (No 3 phase) 1/2/3 phase
6
1/2/3 phase
PSS-SAP/NRV 37
Auto-Reclosing new in REx670

Start Quick AR without synchrocheck Skip a step and continue with next (at multiple shots)
Put AR on hold e.g. waiting for Thermal relays to reset to have less sag before reclosing
PSS-SAP/NRV 38
Energizing Check
UA A ILoad
Inductive and Capacitive charging of dead line
UB B
Uhigh
27 SC/VC
Ulow
The dead line and Live bus conditions are checked. Uhigh and Ulow are verified
Synchronism Check
UA A ILoad B UB
UAL
Icap
25 SC/VC
d dU
Paralleling (synchronism conditions are checked , f, U and Uhigh are within set values
Synchrocheck function
U-Line U-Bus
Energizing check High voltage Low voltage Operate time
U> 50-120% of Ub U< 10- 80% of Ub 80 ms (typical)
SYNC
U-Bus Line reference voltage
Paralleling (Synchronism) Check Frequency difference f < 3-1000mHz Voltage difference U < 2 - 50 % of Ub Phase difference < 5 - 90o Operate time 80 ms (typical)
Accuracy of frequency measurement about 0,5 mHz!
BLOCK
Fuse fail
PSS-SAP/NRV 41
Synchrocheck Function block

Block inputs DS Bus 1 at DB arrangement DS Bus 2 at DB arrangement DS Line at 1 1/2 arrangement DS alt Line at 1 1/2 arrangement Bus1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Bus2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Line 1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Line 2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Test mode inputs
Conditions for AR Conditions for Man close Test conditions fulfilled Fuse fail on sel fuse Information that the voltage is included in the synchrocheck Information that the conditions for voltage, diff voltage phase angle diff etc are fulfilled
PSS-SAP/NRV 42
Synchrocheck Voltage selection

1U 1U UB1 UB2 B1Q B2Q
SYN1
ULN1
3U
IED
1U UB1
1U UB2
SYN1
ULN1
SYN2
LN1Q
3U
PSS-SAP/NRV 43

IED 1 3U
UB2
1U
IED
ULN1 B1Q
1U
UB1
SYN1
SYN1
3U
LN1Q
IED 2
1U
SYN1
1U 1U
SYN2
IED 3
1U LN2Q B2Q
SYN1
3U 1U
1 U ULN2 UB2 1U
REC670
1U 3U
SYN1
SYN2
SYN3
3U 1U
Summary
Platform of products for all type of objects. Increased user friendliness with common PC tool box Configuration flexibility Pre-defined user-friendly packages Serial communication flexibility for easy integration in Substation Automation Systems New IEC61850-8-1 Station Bus Extensive self-supervision allows minimal scheduled maintenance. Improved tool communication speed
PSS-SAP/NRV 46

Line Distance Protection IED REL 670

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Substation Automation Products

REL670 - Line Distance Protection IED

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 1

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 2

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 3

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 4

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 5

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Supervision and Control functions

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 8

Logics and monitoring functions

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 9

Main features in REL670

Main features in REL670

Distance protection in REL670

Distance Protection algorithm

Same reliable algorithm as REL5xx

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Export and import of load

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

ZM: Operation characteristic for Ph-Ph loops

Setting parameters for forward direction in blue

ZM:Operating characteristic Ph-E

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 16

ZM: Setting parameters Setting parameters for measuring zones:

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 17

ZM: Setting parameters

For each zone

Phase selection (PS)

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 19

Phase to phase fault

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

General Fault & Phase Selection

Easy to coordinate GFPS-ZM

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 21

Maximum Load Angle

Fault Resistance (RFPE, RFPP/2)

Minimum Load Resistance

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 23

Other protection functions

4-step Earth fault protection (TEF)

Four stage Earth overcurrent.

Distance protection - Communication schemes

Carrier send CS = Z< Reverse zone

Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received &T0

Distance protection - Unblocking schemes

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007 PSS-SAP/NRV 27

Local acceleration logic Features

Operation mode zone extension

Operation mode loss of load

Selective trip at auto reclosing

Current reversal logic

Power swing detection

Based on the same principles as REL5xx but:

Load encroachment algorithm introduced

Switch On To Fault (SOTF)

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Fuse Failure Supervision

Single Pole Tripping