International Referred Research Journal,July,2011,ISSN-0975-3486, RNI: RAJBIL 2009/30097, VOL-II *ISSUE 22

Research PaperElectronics Design & Technology

An Introduction To Sepic Converters

July, 2011

*-** Dept. of Electronics Design & Technology" Doeacc Centre MMMEC College Campus Gorakhpur A B S T R A C T
This paper presents a novel method for the design of passive components for battery powered SEPIC dc-dc switching regulators. An average model of SEPIC converters with coupled inductors was developed and verified against cycle-by-cycle simulations. The model can be used as is by any modem circuit simulator to run steady state (DC), large signal (transient) and s signal (AC) analysis There are two possible modes of operation in the SEPIC converter: Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM)

Introduction SEPIC is a dc to dc converter and is capable of operating in either step up or step down mode and widely used in battery operated equipments.It is considered to be a fourth order dc to dc converter capable of delivering an output voltage which can be greater than or less than the input voltage .Different portable electronic appliances have been benefitted from a power converter which is able to achieve high efficiency with a wide input and output ranges with a small size . But it is not easy for conventional power converter design to maintain high efficiency especially in up and down voltage. Conversion has to be achieved ,all these characteristics are obtained in SEPIC Dc to dc power conversion system can be realized by different circuit topologies like for example(buck boost, buck boost) are most widely used . Different designs are used using active and passive components Systematic Discription Of Sepic Converter The SEPIC type dc to dc converter is a power electronic supply voltage at the output and can be smaller and higher then the received input ,this is done by switching techniques with semiconductor Devices such as diodes and transistors i.e SEPIC converters are usually designed with coupled inductors L1 and L2 in order to reduce production cost and to reduce the input current ripple . Its main advantage to the dc to dc converter elevator reduces type or cuk is that the SEPIC converter maintains the output voltage polarity same to the input voltage which cannot be done with others As the SEPIC converter a switch mode circuit, its behaviour is strongly dependent in the continuity of the inductor current and capacitor voltage Due to this the input current example of the SEPIC is smooth (because of the inductor ) and the output current signal is chopped (because of the diode feeding the output ) then the energy is passed

across the capacitors are widely used because of its very high efficiency (around 96%) in PC power supplies ,battery chargers DC motor power systems and different industrial applications Design Discription For An Active Sepic Converter Circuit configuration of the proposed isolated buck boost type of active clamp L is input inductor . S and Sa are main and auxiliary switches respectively Cs and Co are the clamp capacitor and input capacitor respectively .

The capacitor C is medium for transferring energy from the source to the load Cr is the resonant capacitor .Lr is the resonant inductor including the transformer. Lm is the magnetising inductor of the isolation transformer D is rectifier diode. Active clamp circuits in include switch sA and clamp capacitor. Cc allows utilization of transformer leakage inductor ZVS (zero voltage utilization) to achieve operation and to limit the peak voltage stress of main switch S . The SEPIC converter consist of an active power switch , a diode two inductors and a capacitor and is thus the fourth order non linear system. Feedback control is usually incorporated into the converter circuit to regulate its output voltage typically by means of pulse width modulation (PWM) To facilitate the feedback control design or system stability analysis the linear model of the converter is needed. MODES OF OPERATION There are two modes of operation in it
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International Referred Research Journal,July,2011,ISSN-0975-3486,RNI: RAJBIL 2009/30097,VOL-II*ISSUE 22

1) Continuous mode 2) Discontinuous mode CONTINIOUS MODE OF OPERATION Nowadays the use of a dc to dc converter is widespread in modern potable electronic equipments and systems When in battery operated portable devices when not connected to ac mains the battery provides an input voltage to the converter, which then converts it into the output voltage suitable for use by the electronic load. The battery voltage can vary over a wide range depending upon a charge level At the low charge level, it may drop below the load voltage .Hence to continue supplying the constant load voltage over the entire voltage The dc to dc converter that meets this operational requirement are buck boost cuk and SEPIC converter. However the buck boost and the cuk converters in their basic form produce the output voltage whose whole polarity is revered from the input voltage. The problem can be corrected by incorporating an isolation transformer into the circuit, but this will invariably lead to increased size and cost of converter. Discontinios Mode Of Operation A SEPIC converter is a fourth order dc to dc converter capable of delivering an output voltage which can be greater than or lower than an input voltage. Although the converter may have been designed for continuous mode operation it can plunge into the discontinuous mode of operation at light loads . In some cases the converter is even intentionally designed to operate n DCM because of the faster dynamic responses compared with CCM .The small signal dynamic characteristics of the DCM SEPIC converter have been modelled . In this the active and passive diode of the SEPIC converter were substitute d by the PWM switch model .Transfer function of the interest e.g duty ratio or input to output transfer function were than derived from the resulting circuit. However the modelling process has assumed that the converter is being ideal and neglected the equivalent series resistance of capacitance .The ESR effects the value of zeroes in the final transfer function excluding it from modelling process only adds to the inaccuracy in the final model.

Working In Discontinious ModeThr Resistance Rc1 and Rc2 are equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the capacitor C 1 and C2 respectively . Although this value are small ,these ESR cannot be neglected in the modelling process as they have direct impact on the accuracy of the final model When operating in DCM the currents IL1 and IL2 are increasing during the time interval D2t During the time interval D3t ,these currents have a constant value with the amplitude of il1 and il2 being equal but flowing in opposite directions when IL1 = -IL2 is always true during the time interval D3t and this essentially makes IL1 and -IL2 depend on each other Advantage And Applications Of Sepic Converters Single ended primary inductance converter is a dc to dc converter topology that provides a positive output voltage from an input voltage that varies from above to below the output voltage This type of conversion is handy when the designer uses voltage example 12 V from an unregulated input power supply such as low cost wall wart Unfortunately the SEPIC topology is difficult to understand and requires two inductors making the power supply footprint quite large. The coupled inductors not only provide small footprint but also to get the same inductor ripple current requires only half the inductance required for a SEPIC with two separate inductors.

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CONCLUSION :-Thus from the above paper we see that the single ended primary inductance converter is a basic dc to too dc converter which concludes that the dynamic performances , efficiency and cost depends on power stage components, so designer often wish to find a good compromise of these figure of merit among different design solutions by using inductors and transformers.

1) s CHAKRAWARTY A. K. Jain , N Mohan , A novel converter for multiple individually regulated outputs IEEE transactions on power electronics Volume 21 no 2 march pg 361- 369 2) . 9 Petersen L and Ericsson R W ' reduction of voltage stresses in buck boost type of power factor correctors operating in boundary conduction mode proc IEEE APEC , 2003 pp V A Menegaz, P.J.M., Vieira, J.L.F., and Simonetti. 3) L. Balogh and R. Redl, "Power factor correction with interleaved boost converters in continuous inductor current mode," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf., 1993, pp. 168-174. [4] F. S. Dos Reis, J. Sebastian, and J. Uceda 4) [9] J. Wang, W. G. Dunford, and K. Mauch, "Modified Boost converters with continuous inductor current mode and ripple free input current," in IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf., 1996, pp. 390-396 5) [9] D. Czarkowski and M. K. Kazimierczuk, "Circuit models of PWM dc-dc converters," Proc. of the IEEE National Aerospace Conf. (NAECON'SL), Dayton, OH, May 18-22, 1992, pp. 407- 413. [IO] D. Czarkowski 6) Sebastian, J.,Martinez, J.A., Alonso, J.M., and Cobos, J.A.: 'Voltage follower control in zero-current-switched quasi-resonant power factor pre regulators', IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 1998, 13, pp. 727-738 7) 2 G.Spiazzi, L.Rossetto, "High-quality Rectifier based on Coupled-Inductor Sepic Topology", to be presented at PESC Conf., 1994. 8) E.Santi, Magnetic and Control in Power Electronics: I: Modelling of Coupled Inductors, PhD Thesis Part I, Caltech, 1993. Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 13, No. 5, 1998, pp. 870-881. [19] F.L. Luo and H. Ye, Small Signal Analysis of Energy Factor and Mathematical Modelling for 9) Power DC-DC Converters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2007, pp. 69-79. 10 )
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