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Developing & Reviewing IT Masterplan

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Dengan IT Planning yang benar, investasi TI akan menghasilkan dampak yang efektif untuk perusahaan!

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Enterprise Architecture (IT Architecture)

The C4ISR Architecture Framework Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) Practical Guide to Federal Enterprise Architecture Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) ISO/IEC 14252 (IEEE Std 1003.0) NCR Enterprise Architecture Framework ISO Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RMODP) SPIRIT Platform Blueprint Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management (TAFIM) TOGUF Zachman Framework Enterprise Information Architecture

IT Architecture Toolkit

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Pengembangan IT Masterplan menggunakan IT Architecture Toolkit

Description Current State Target State Analysis

Business Security Requirement

Business Framework
IT Strategy
Principles Data Function Platform People & Process Models Inventory Standard

IT Security Strategy
Definition Metrics Measurement

IT Architecture Framework

IT Master Plan
Projects Metrics Buy-In Process People

ISMS

ADIM

Implementation Framework

IT Security Cycle IT Implementation Plan

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Steps
Description Current State Target State Analysis

1. Business Framework (Connecting Architecture to the Business)

1.1 Describing The Business Current State 1.2 Analyzing the Business Current State 1.3 Constructing the Business Target State 1.4 Analyzing the Business Target State (Gaps and Opportunities)

Business Framework

Principles Data Function Platform People & Process

Models

Inventory

Standard

2. IT Framework
2.1 Define a principles 2.2 Build the Architecture Models 2.3 Inventory 2.4 Standard

IT Architecture Framework

Projects Metrics Buy-In Process People

3. Implementation Framework
3.1 Translate Architecture into Projects 3.2 Review
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Implementation Framework

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Pengembangan IT Masterplan menggunakan IT Architecture Toolkit

Description Current State Target State Analysis

Business Security Requirement

Business Framework
IT Strategy
Principles Data Function Platform People & Process Models Inventory Standard

IT Security Strategy
Definition Metrics Measurement

IT Architecture Framework

IT Master Plan
Projects Metrics Buy-In Process People

ISMS

ADIM

Implementation Framework

IT Security Cycle IT Implementation Plan

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IT Architecture Framework

Business Target State

Translate Business Target State to Principles

Model Current IT State

Create IT Inventory Architecture Repository

Model Target IT State

Create Standards

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IT Framework
Principles Data Function Platform People & Process Models Inventory Standard Data:
Fakta tentang bisnis

Function:
Operasi penting untuk menjalankan bisnis

Platform:
Teknologi yang memungkinkan pembuatan dan penggunaan data dan fungsi

People
Pengguna dan penyedia data, fungsi, dan operator teknologi.

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IT Architecture Framework:

1. Defining Principles

Principles Data Function Platform People & Process

Models

Inventory

Standard

Principles is the abstraction of the business target state to form guidelines for IT decision making. Rules of thumb in defining principles:
1. Translate the business target state statement to a statement intent for IT 2. KISS, Keep it short and sweet 3. Use principles to communicate the basic tenets the company holds to be universally true 4. Use principles to impose business contraints on the models and standards to be developed 5. A set of principles should be contained to one page

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IT Architecture Framework:

2. Defining Principles (CASE: GaneshaCD Co.)

GaneshaCD Co. Statement of Goals: GaneshaCD Co. Statement of Goals: Data Principle Data Principle

1. 1.

Learn more about our customer to Learn more about our customer to better market to retain and satisfy better market to retain and satisfy them them Increase growth rate and revenue Increase growth rate and revenue from music sales, and maintain from music sales, and maintain growth in publications growth in publications Leverage the combined Leverage the combined music/publications music/publications Eliminate unnecassary expense Eliminate unnecassary expense Become more open to change Become more open to change Invest in employee retention Invest in employee retention Leverage technology Leverage technology

Customer information is critical to Customer information is critical to the business. (1) the business. (1)
Function Principle Function Principle

2. 2.

Functions will be built or bought as Functions will be built or bought as reusable component. (4, 5) reusable component. (4, 5)
Platform Principle Platform Principle

3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7.

Vendor viability is as important as Vendor viability is as important as product viability (4, 7) product viability (4, 7)
People Principle People Principle

Employee training is aanonEmployee training is nonnegotiable investment (6) negotiable investment (6)
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IT Architecture Framework:

2. Define IT Architecture Model

Principles Data Function Platform People & Process

Models

Inventory

Standard

IT Architecture Model:

The graphical representation of the business view of data, functions, technology, people, and the relationship and/or interactions between them.

Its the development of the detailed plans. We will start with high-level model and continue to develop more detailed model. The most detailed plan will become the blueprint for implementation. Setting the context:
Who is the audience? What will the content include? What planning horizon will be used? What part of IT the model need to describe? How formal does the documentation need to be?
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IT Architecture Framework:
Principles Data Function Models Inventory Standard

The Rules for IT Modelling

1. 2. 3. 4. Agree on a set of standard components Use a standard representation scheme Set a scope Determine the level of detail

Platform People & Process

Level 0: conceptual, one page model of key component and their relationship. Level 1: more detail, specific view of part of level 0. Level n: more detail, specific view of part of level n-1. Presentation level: for executive purpose

5. 6.

Define the state to be modeled

current state, target state, end-of-year state, during migration?

Define the environment

execution environment, developmet environment, operation environment

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SHARING VISION IT Architecture Framework:

Toolkit Standard Architecture Modeling Notations

EXISTING or MECHANIZED

PLANNED or MANUAL

DUPLICATE BUSINESS FUNCTION/

REF DATA/ Platform

Platform

DATABASE/ Platform

DATA WAREHOUSE/ Platform

DATA MART/ Platform

Process

DATA FLOW & DIRECTION

ARCHITECTURE SERVICE-COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMPONENTS Platform

EMPLOYEE/ SYSTEM USER

CUSTOMER

PORTAL EXTERAL INTERFACE Platform www Broker / Hub

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IT Architecture Framework:

Case of ITAF Modeling: IT Current State Modeling

Most current state legacy models we have seen focus on boxes (server, network, etc) rather on business applications, data, interface, and services. At least developing level 0 of current state provides many values. Information Capital assessment provide inputs for current state modelling A how-to steps
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identify major components that provide/use data, e.g. customer. Define data flow each component receives or sources, e.g. payment. Define what operation a function performs on each data flow (a verb-noun), e.g. validate payment. Designate stored data, e.g. account recievable. Determine where services exist between components.

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IT Architecture Framework:

Case of ITAF Modeling: IT Current State Modeling

BOOKS IN PRINT Replenish Inventory / Vendor Order Set Bus. Targets Book. Mgmt. Book Info Picks BOOK CATALOG Low Stock Stock, Location RETAIL STORE WAREHOUSE Stock User Interface Distribute Stock

1
WareHouse Retail Store

1
Payment Mail Center Order

Order Shipment Vendor Item, $

Capacity Manage Inventory Order Control Allocated Stock

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Order Order Sell Books

BOOK INVENTORY

2
Payment

Payment

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Item Info Staff Employee EMPLOYEE Employee / Job Hours CUSTOMER

Item, $ Validate Payment Bill Customers

Pay Vendors

3
Bill Customer Payment

Vendor Payment

Candidates

PAYROLL Employee Payment

Pay Employee

Bill Amt.

Employee VENDOR $$$ Reconcile $ ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

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GaneshaCD Co.

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IT Architecture Framework:

Case of ITAF Modeling: IT Target State Modeling

IT target state is a transalation of business target state How-to steps: 1. Extract the opportunities identified from business traget state analysis. E.g.: 2. Opportunity: Develop offers for combos of book/music products, make offers online.
GaneshaCD Co. & Bookseller product data store, a combo offer data store A function that creates/updates Offers A function that accept online payment Website access to Offers Modification/addition of user interface

Translate the opportunity to IT components. E.g.:

3. 4.

Transfer the identified components to a Level 0 target state model Refine the Level 0 model to Level 1 n until the desired level of detail achieved
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IT Architecture Framework:

Case of ITAF Modeling: IT Target State Modeling

Key Decision Support Data Track Results CUSTOMER OFFER HISTORY EXTRACT Develop Plan & Budget

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REPLICATION / DISTRIBUTION SERVICES Key Operational Data

Assess Customer / Product Viability

INVENTORY

VENDOR AP / EXPENSE

OFFER EMPLOYEE SALES CHANNEL Architecture Service

ORDER A/R INCOME

CUSTOMER

PLAN / BUDGET

ACCESS SERVICES

3
Key Functions Hire, Train Staff Target Customer With Offers Sell Offers Track Inventory Orders Shipping Send Bill Fix Pay Staff & Accept Customer Customer & Vendor Payment Problem Expense 5.0 Update Financial Plan

EAI PROCESS MANAGEMENT / FLOW External Interaction CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT / USER INTERFACE Help Service Rep Payment 2 2 Order Titles

Electronic Titles

Vendor

GaneshaCD Co.
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JOB SKILL

PRODUCT

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IT Architecture Framework:
Principles Data Function Models Inventory Standard

3. IT Inventory
The rules of thumb:
Set a scope, e.g.:
A data inventory table for key data stores An application (function) inventory An infrastructrute (platform) inventory A skills inventory listing employee

Platform People & Process

Determine level of detail

Inclusivity, properties, model or item, brief commercial info

Define the state (current or target state), some suggestion:

Data, application (function), and people inventory: current state Platform inventory: current and target state

Define the environment

Execution, development, and operation environment

Agree on format
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IT Architecture Framework:

3. IT Inventory (Case: GaneshaCD Co.)

DATA AREA

FILE NAME / ANNUAL EXPENSE Books in Print $0.7 Mil.

ACRONYM

VOLUME SIZE

TECHNOLOGY

Product

BIP

5,675,800

Properietary

Product

Bookseller Publication Catalog Preferred Recordings $0.1 Mil.

PUBCAT

1,625,400

SQL Server

Product

PRCRDZ

200,300

MS Access

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SHARING VISION IT Architecture Framework:

Principles Data Function Platform People & Process Models Inventory Standard

3. IT Standards

Standard (in here) is the agreed-to or corporate set of key data entities, functions (applications), technologies, or process, including their names, definition, or description. Setting standards serve as another step in translating the business view for developers.

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IT Architecture Framework:
Principles Data Function Platform People & Process Models Inventory Standard

3. IT Standards

Rules of thumb:
Establish ownership
Clear ownership will assure that standards are consistent

Define the state

Usually standards are for target state

Define the environment

Recommendation: execution operation development

Define the level of detail

Use the Level n target state

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IT Architecture Framework:

3. IT Standards

Data standard
For each key data, we have to standardize the identifiers Some good identifiers attribute:
Unique, non-intelligent, under our control

Function/application standards:
Includes the name, meaning/description, type/priority, candidate for migration to target

Platform/Technology standards:
Operating System, Database platform, Database architecture, User Interface, Hardware standards,

People standards
For each strategic job families related to each strategic internal process, define knowledge and skill required.
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IT Architecture Framework:

How to select technology/platform standards?

1. Identify the type of components (OS, DBMS, Programming Language, Middleware, etc.) 2. Define & describe selection criteria (fail-safe, performance, reliability, scalability, etc) 3. Define the measurement scale.
1. E.g. Behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS):
1. 4 = provides complete capability 2. 3 = provides most (75% or more) capability 3. 2 = provides some (35% 75%) capability 4. 1 = provides little (35% or less) capability 5. 0 = provides no capability

4. Rate each component and criteria using BAR scale 5. Summarize findings for management
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Putting it together!
PRINCIPLES PRINCIPLES
1. Our customer 1. Our customer information is our most information is our most valuable asset. valuable asset. 2. Key information will be 2. Key information will be available anytime, available anytime, anywhere anywhere Customer Order DB SQL; Access $14 M mtce Oracle $4.5M mtce 230 gb total HQ; Retail stores

Customer Bill DB

70 gb

Denver

MODELS

Customer Master

DB2 $2 M mtce

25 gb

HQ

CUSTOMER CUSTOMER

STANDARDS STANDARDS A customer is any person or group A customer is any person or group who has purchased aaproduct from who has purchased product from GaneshaCD Co. within the last 55 GaneshaCD Co. within the last years years and is identified by and is identified by Master Customer Card Number Master Customer Card Number
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Sell Sell Offers Offers

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Pengembangan IT Masterplan menggunakan IT Architecture Toolkit

Description Current State Target State Analysis

Business Security Requirement

Business Framework
IT Strategy
Principles Data Function Platform People & Process Models Inventory Standard

IT Security Strategy
Definition Metrics Measurement

IT Architecture Framework

IT Master Plan
Projects Metrics Buy-In Process People

ISMS

ADIM

Implementation Framework

IT Security Cycle IT Implementation Plan

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3. Implementation Framework

Projects Metrics Buy-in Process P e o p l e

Selecting & defining projects Measuring effectiveness Lets do it!! Ensuring process compliance Right people for the right job

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Implementation Framework:

Budget Allocation Survey

90% expense tahunan untuk operasional dan perawatan 10% expense untuk investasi baru yang bebas strategic investment inilah yang membentuk

Kaplan & Norton mengusulkan 5% - 15% untuk investasi baru information capital dari seluruh total pengeluaran IT. Total Informational Capital Spending ( how much?) :

Total Information Capital Spending

Level of Spending (IT/Revenue) All Industries 4.1% Financial 7.0% Manufacturing 1.7% Retail 1.0% Source: Peter Weill & Mariane Broadbent Research Harvard Business School 2000
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Implementation Framework:

Budget Allocation Survey

Information Capital Transformational Applications Typical Source of Value Improved speed to market or premium pricing results in higher revenue per employee Provides Information to manage the enterprise. Particularly important in information-intense industries (customer information, product quality) Primary focus is on cost reduction Creates business flexibility and integration, fosters cross-selling, new product introduction Typical Budget Mix

14 %

Analytical Application

16%

Transaction Applications IT Infrastructure

12% 58%

Source: Peter Weill & Mariane Broadbent Research Harvard Business School 2000
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Reviewing Masterplan
Jadwal review:
Current State

Pada setiap tahapan pengembangan masterplan

Target State

Setelah development:
Reguler, misalnya 1 tahun sekali Ad-hoc, jika ada kondisi yang dianggap penting

People
Principles

Process Modelling Buy-in Inventory Metrics Projects Standards

Penyebab perubahan masterplan:

Ada kelemahan Perubahan kondisi organisasi Perubahan peta bisnis
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Penutup
IT Masterplan dimulai dengan proses analisis bisnis (current state dan target state), sehingga dijamin align dengan tujuan perusahaan dan mendukung target perusahaan IT Masterplan adalah sesuatu yang sangat penting untuk dikembangkan dalam suatu perusahaan dan akan menjadi acuan pengembangan dan penerapan IT IT Architecture Toolkit mencakup : Business Framework, IT Architecture Framework, dan Implementation Framework, sehingga menjamin integrasi yang lengkap mulai aligning dengan proses bisnis, pengembangan arsitektur dan implementasinya.

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terima kasih !

Merci bien Arigatoo Matur Nuwun Hatur Nuhun Matur se Kelangkong Syukron Kheili Mamnun Danke

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