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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO WEST COAST PRODUCTIONS, INC., Plaintiff, v. DOES 1-38. Defendants. _______________________________________________ COMPLAINT Plaintiff West Coast Productions, Inc. (West Coast Productions) brings this action against Does 1 through 38 (John Doe Defendants) alleging copyright infringement and contributory copyright infringement, and seeking damages and injunctive relief. West Coast Productions alleges as follows: JURISDICTION AND VENUE 1. This is a suit for copyright infringement and contributory copyright infringement ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Case No. TBD JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, as amended, 17 U.S.C. 101 et seq. (the Copyright Act). This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1331 and 1338(a). 2. Venue in this District is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1391 (b) and 28 U.S.C.

1391 (b) and 28 U.S.C. 1400(a). Defendants true identities are unknown at this time, however Plaintiffs has used geolocation technology to determine that, upon information and belief, each Defendant may be found in this State and in this District.

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3.

In addition, this court has personal jurisdiction over Defendants because

geolocation technology places all Defendants within this State, many of which, upon information and belief reside in this District. All of the Defendants conspired to and did commit acts of copyright infringement and contributory copyright infringement statewide and nationwide, including in this State and in this District. Defendants, therefore, should anticipate being haled into court in this State and in this District. JOINDER 4. Defendants, whose true identities are unknown at this time, acted in a collective

and interdependent manner via the Internet in the unlawful reproduction and distribution of Plaintiffs copyrighted motion picture, Moms Black Cock Anal Nightmare 2, (Motion Picture) by means of interactive peer-to-peer (P2P) file transfer technology protocol called BitTorrent. 5. This case involves one swarm in which numerous Defendants engaged in mass

copyright infringement of Plaintiffs Motion Picture. Each Defendant illegally uploaded and shared Plaintiffs Motion Picture within this swarm. 6. Upon information and belief, each Defendant was a willing and knowing

participant in the swarm at issue and engaged in such participation for the purpose of infringing Plaintiffs copyright. 7. By participating in the swarm, each Defendant participated in the same

transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences as at least the other defendants in the same swarm. In particular, Plaintiffs investigator has downloaded the Motion Picture from

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each Defendant identified herein. In addition, by participating in the swarm, each Defendant participated in a collective enterprise constituting shared, overlapping facts. 8. P2P networks, at least in their most common form, are computer systems that

enable Internet users to: 1) make files (including motion pictures) stored on each users computer available for copying by other users or peers; 2) search for files stored on other users computers; and 3) transfer exact copies of files from one computer to another via the Internet. The particular P2P protocol at issue in this suit is called BitTorrent. 9. For example, user John Doe 22 of Colorado initiated his or her infringing conduct

by first intentionally logging into the one of many BitTorrent client repositories known for their large index of copyrighted movies, television shows, software and adult videos. John Doe 22 then intentionally obtained a torrent file (the Swarm Sharing Hash File at issue in this suit, A1CFFD83BFF3C988C49ABA66CAF07F9A89AA7FA7 (Hash A1CF)) for Plaintiffs Motion Picture from the index and intentionally loaded that torrent file into a computer program designed to read such files. 10. With the torrent file intentionally loaded by John Doe 22, his or her BitTorrent

program used the BitTorrent protocol to initiate simultaneous connections with hundreds of other users possessing and sharing copies of the digital media described in Hash A1CF, namely, Plaintiffs Motion Picture, including with, upon information and belief, other identified John Doe Defendants. The program coordinated the copying of Plaintiffs Motion Picture to John Doe 22s computer from the other users, or peers, sharing the film. As the Motion Picture was copied to John Doe 22s computer piece by piece, these downloaded pieces of Plaintiffs Motion Picture

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were then immediately available to all other Defendants for those Defendants uses from John Doe 22s computer. 11. Each of the John Does 1-38 performed the same acts as those described for John

Doe 22, in paragraphs 9 and 10. Each of these Defendants also immediately became an uploader, meaning that each Defendants downloaded pieces were immediately available to other users seeking to obtain the file, without degradation in sound or picture quality. It is in this way that each Defendant simultaneously copied and distributed the Motion Picture. Thus, each participant in the BitTorrent swarm was an uploader (distributor) and a downloader (copier) of the illegally transferred file. Here, upon information and belief many members of the swarm at issue downloaded and uploaded portions of Plaintiffs Motion Picture to each other. 12. This interactive, simultaneous data-sharing connection is often referred to as a

swarm and leads to a rapid viral spreading of a file throughout peer users. As more peers join the swarm, the likelihood of a successful download increases. Because of the nature of a BitTorrent protocol, any user that has downloaded a piece prior to the time a subsequent user downloads the same file is automatically a source for the subsequent peer so long as that prior user is online at the time the subsequent user downloads a file. Thus, after a successful download of a piece, the piece is made available to all other users. 13. Thus, a Defendants distribution of even a single unlawful copy of the Motion

Picture can result in the nearly instantaneous worldwide distribution of that single copy to an unlimited number of people. In this case, each Defendants copyright infringement built upon the prior infringements, in a cascade of infringement.

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14.

Essentially, because of the nature of the swarm uploads and downloads as

described above, every John Doe infringer, in concert with its John Doe swarm members, is simultaneously allowing others to steal (download from the swarm) Plaintiffs copyrighted materials in numerous jurisdictions around the country, including this jurisdiction. This illegal simultaneous data-sharing swarm is performed because each John Doe acts in an interactive manner with other John Does, including with, upon information and belief, other identified John Doe defendants, allowing other users to illegally download the unlawfully obtained copyrighted materials at issue in this action. Thus, there is a significant amount of infringement in this District, and a significant transmission of infringing materials to and from this District. 15. In addition, because a BitTorrent swarm is a collective enterprise where each

downloader is also an uploader, the group of uploaders collaborates to speed the completion of each download of the file. 16. Upon information and belief, many John Doe Defendants also acted in concert

with other John Doe swarm members and Defendants by participating in Peer Exchange. Peer Exchange is a communications protocol built into almost every BitTorrent protocol which allows swarm members to share files more quickly and efficiently. Peer Exchange is responsible for helping swarm members find more users that share the same data. Thus, each swarm member is helping all other swarm members participate in illegal file sharing, regardless of geographical boundaries. 17. Upon information and belief, many John Doe Defendants also acted in concert

with other John Doe swarm members and Defendants by linking together globally through use of a Distributed Hash Table. A Distributed Hash Table is a sort of world-wide telephone book, 5

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which uses each files info-hash (a unique identifier for each torrent file) to locate sources for the requested data. Thus, swarm members are able to access a partial list of swarm members rather than being filtered through a central computer called a tracker. By allowing members of the swarm to rely on individual computers for information, this not only reduces the load on the central tracker, but also means that every client that is sharing this data is also helping to hold this worldwide network together. 18. The torrent swarm in this case is not an actual entity, but is rather made up of

numerous individuals, acting in concert with each other, to achieve the common goal of infringing upon the Plaintiffs copyright.

PARTIES 19. Plaintiff is a California incorporated company located at 10040 Remmet Avenue,

Chatsworth, CA 91311, that produces, markets and distributes motion pictures. 20. Defendants are a group of BitTorrent users or peers whose computers are

collectively interconnected within a swarm for the sharing of unique files. The particular file a BitTorrent swarm is associated with has a unique hash (a file identifier generated by an algorithm developed and implemented by the National Security Agency). 21. This hash file provides access to an unauthorized copy of Plaintiffs copyrighted

Motion Picture. 22. Defendants infringements allow them and others to unlawfully obtain and

distribute unauthorized copies of Plaintiffs Motion Picture for which Plaintiff spent a substantial

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amount of time, money and effort to produce, market and distribute. The Motion Picture is currently offered for sale on at least on these websites: http://www.adultdvdempire.com/1494035/moms-black-cock-anal-nightmare-2-porn-movies.html http://www.adultdvdempire.com/1494280/moms-black-cock-anal-nightmare-2-porn-videos.html 23. Each time a Defendant unlawfully distributes a free copy of Plaintiffs

copyrighted Motion Picture to others over the Internet, particularly via BitTorrent, each recipient can then distribute that unlawful copy to others without degradation in sound or picture quality. Thus, a Defendants distribution of even one unlawful copy of a motion picture can result in the nearly instantaneous worldwide distribution to a limitless number of people. Plaintiff now seeks redress for this rampant infringement of its exclusive rights in its Motion Picture. 24. Despite Plaintiffs use of the best available investigative techniques, it is

impossible for Plaintiff to identify Defendants by name at this time. Thus, the true names and capacities, whether individual, corporate, associate or otherwise, of John Doe Defendants 1-38 are unknown to Plaintiff, who therefore sues said Defendants by such fictitious names. 25. Each Defendant is known to Plaintiff by the Internet Protocol (IP) address

assigned to that Defendant by his or her Internet Service Provider (ISP) on the date and at the time at which the infringing activity of each Defendant was observed. This information is provided in the attached Exhibit A. In addition, and as provided in Exhibit A, Plaintiff has learned the ISP for each Defendant, the torrent file copied and distributed by each Defendant, the BitTorrent client application utilized by each Defendant, and the location of most Defendants (by state) at the time of download as determined by geolocation technology.

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26.

Plaintiff believes that information obtained in discovery will lead to the

identification of each John Doe Defendants true name and permit the Plaintiff to amend this Complaint to state the same. Specifically, Plaintiff intends to subpoena the ISPs that issued the John Doe Defendants IP addresses in order to learn the identity of the account holders for the IP addresses. 27. Plaintiff further believes that the information obtained in discovery may lead to

the identification of additional infringing parties to be added to this Complaint as Defendants, since monitoring of online infringement of Plaintiffs Motion Picture is ongoing. STATEMENT OF FACTS THE COPYRIGHT 28. Plaintiff is, and at all relevant times has been, the copyright owner of exclusive

rights under United States copyright law with respect to the Motion Picture. 29. The Motion Picture contains wholly original material that is copyrightable subject

matter under the laws of the United States. 30. West Coast Productions, Inc., as the owner, holds the copyright registration on the

Motion Picture, including Copyright Registration Number PA 1-665-237 (the 237 Copyright). See Exhibit B, Certificate of Registration. 31. Under the Copyright Act, West Coast Productions is the proprietor of all right,

title, and interest in the 237 Copyright, including the right to sue for past infringement. 32. Under the Copyright Act, Plaintiff also possesses the exclusive rights to reproduce

the copyrighted work and to distribute the copyrighted work to the public.

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33.

Defendants had notice of Plaintiffs copyright rights. At least plaintiffs Motion

Picture DVD case displays a copyright notice. COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND BITTORRENT 34. BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for copying and distributing

data on the Internet, including files containing digital versions of motion pictures. Rather than downloading a file from a single source, the BitTorrent protocol allows users to join a swarm, or group of users to download and upload from each other simultaneously. The process works as follows: 35. Users intentionally download a small program that they install on their computers

the BitTorrent client application. The BitTorrent client is the users interface during the downloading/uploading process. There are many different BitTorrent clients, all of which are readily available on the Internet for free. 36. BitTorrent client applications typically lack the ability to search for torrent files.

To find torrent files available for download (as made available by other BitTorrent users), users intentionally visit torrent sites using any standard web browser. 37. A torrent site is a website that contains an index of torrent files being made

available by other users (generally an extensive listing of movies and television programs, among other copyrighted content). The torrent site hosts and distributes small torrent files known as torrent files. Although torrent files do not contain actual audio/visual media, they instruct a users computer where to go and how to get the desired file. Torrent files interact with specific trackers, allowing the user to download the desired file.

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38.

The torrent file contains a unique hash identifier which is a unique identifier

generated by a mathematical algorithm developed by the National Security Agency. This torrent file is tagged with the files unique info-hash, which acts as a roadmap to the IP addresses of other users who are sharing the media file identified by the unique info-hash, as well as specifics about the media file. 39. A BitTorrent tracker manages the distribution of files, connecting uploaders

(those who are distributing content) with downloaders (those who are copying the content). A tracker directs a BitTorrent users computer to other users who have a particular file, and then facilitates the download process from those users. When a BitTorrent user seeks to download a movie or television file, he or she merely clicks on the appropriate torrent file on a torrent site, and the torrent file instructs the client software how to connect to a tracker that will identify where the file is available and begin downloading it. In addition to a tracker, a user can manage file distribution through a Peer Exchange and/or a Distributed Hash Table. 40. Files downloaded in this method are downloaded in hundreds of individual pieces.

Each piece that is downloaded is immediately thereafter made available for distribution to other users seeking the same file. The effect of this technology makes every downloader also an uploader of the content. This means that every user who has a copy of the infringing material on a torrent network must necessarily also be a source of download for that material. 41. Thus, each IP address identified by the tracker is an uploading user who is

currently running a BitTorrent client on his or her computer and who is currently offering the desired motion picture file for download. The downloading users BitTorrent software then

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begins downloading the motion picture file without any further effort from the user, by communicating with the BitTorrent client programs running on the uploading users computers. 42. The life cycle of a file shared using BitTorrent begins with just one individual

the initial propagator, sometimes called a seeder. The initial propagator intentionally elects to share a torrent file with a torrent swarm. The original file, in this is Hash A1CF, which provides access to Plaintiffs copyrighted Motion Picture. 43. Other members of the swarm connect to the respective seeds to download the

files, wherein the download creates an exact digital copy of Plaintiffs copyrighted Motion Picture on the downloaders computers. For the swarm, as additional infringers request the same file, each additional infringer joins the collective swarm, and each new infringer receives pieces of the file from each other infringer in the swarm who has already downloaded any part of the file. Eventually, once the initial propagator has distributed each piece of the file to at least one other infringer, so that together the pieces downloaded by members of the swarm comprise the whole Motion Picture when reassembled, the initial propagator may leave the swarm, and the remaining infringers can still obtain a full copy of the Motion Picture by exchanging the pieces of the Motion Picture that each one has. 44. Files downloaded in this method are received in hundreds or even thousands of

individual pieces. Each piece may be contributed from a different member of the swarm. Moreover, each piece that is downloaded is immediately thereafter made available for distribution to other users seeking the same complete file. Thus, the effect of this technology effectively makes every downloader of the content also an uploader. This means that every user

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who has a copy of the infringing material in a swarm may also be a source for later downloaders of that material. 45. This distributed nature of BitTorrent leads to a rapid viral sharing of a file

throughout the collective peer users. As more peers join the collective swarm, the frequency of successful downloads also increases. Because of the nature of the BitTorrent protocol, any user that has downloaded a file prior to the time that a subsequent peer downloads the same file is automatically a source for the subsequent peer, so long as that first peer is online at the time the subsequent peer requests the file from the swarm. Because of the nature of the collective swarm, every infringer is and by necessity all infringers together are simultaneously both stealing the Plaintiffs copyrighted material and redistributing it. 46. Plaintiff has recorded each Defendant identified herein actually publishing the

Motion Picture via BitTorrent, as Plaintiffs investigator has downloaded the Motion Picture from each Defendant identified herein. 47. Plaintiffs Motion Picture is easily discernible as a professional work. Plaintiff

created the Motion Picture using professional performers, directors, cinematographers, lighting technicians, set designers and editors. Plaintiff created the Motion Picture with professionalgrade cameras, lighting, and editing equipment. 48. 49. At least plaintiffs Motion Picture DVD case displays a copyright notice. At various times, Plaintiff discovered and documented its copyrighted Motion

Picture being publicly distributed by Does 1-38 by and through the BitTorrent network. 50. Defendants, without authorization, copied and distributed the audiovisual Motion

Picture owned by and registered to Plaintiff in violation of 17 U.S.C. 106(1) and (3). 12

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DEFENDANTS ARE MEMBERS OF A SINGLE BITTORRENT SWARM 51. Defendants are peer members who have each participated in one P2P network

swarm that was utilized to unlawfully infringe upon Plaintiffs exclusive rights in its copyrighted Motion Picture without permission. 52. Each Defendant initiated his or her infringement by searching for and obtaining a

torrent file containing information sufficient to locate and download Plaintiffs copyrighted Motion Picture. Thereafter, each Defendant opened the torrent file using a BitTorrent client application that was specifically developed to read such file. 53. 54. Each Defendant is a member of a single swarm. Exhibit A. Each John Doe Defendant owns or otherwise has control of a different computer

collectively connected to the Internet via an IP address that contained or possibly still contains a torrent file identifying Plaintiffs copyrighted Motion Picture. Each computer also contained or still contains Plaintiffs copyrighted Motion Picture, which was downloaded using the information encoded in the torrent file. 55. All of the Defendants republished and duplicated the Plaintiffs Motion Picture in

an effort to deprive the Plaintiff of its exclusive rights in the Motion Picture under the Copyright Act. COUNT I DIRECT COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT 56. Plaintiff repeats and realleges each of the allegations contained in Paragraphs 1

through 55 as if fully set forth herein.

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57.

Plaintiff is, and at all relevant times, has been, the copyright owner of the Motion

Picture infringed upon by all Defendants. 58. Among the exclusive rights granted to Plaintiff under the Copyright Act are the

exclusive rights to reproduce the Motion Picture and to distribute the Motion Picture to the public. 59. The Plaintiff alleges that each Defendant, without the permission or consent of the

Plaintiff, has used, and continues to use, BitTorrent software to download the Motion Picture, to distribute the Motion Picture to the public, including hundreds of other BitTorrent users, and/or to make the Motion Picture available for distribution to others. In doing so, Defendants have violated Plaintiffs exclusive rights of reproduction and distribution. Defendants actions constitute infringement of Plaintiffs copyright and exclusive rights under copyright. Exhibit A identifies the Doe Defendants known to Plaintiff as of the date of this Complaint who have, without the permission or consent of Plaintiff, distributed the copyrighted Motion Picture en masse, through a public website and any one of various public BitTorrent trackers, Peer Exchanges, and/or Distributed Hash Tables. 60. Each Defendants acts of infringement have been willful, intentional, and in

disregard of and with indifference to the rights of Plaintiff. 61. As a result of each Defendants infringement of Plaintiffs exclusive rights under

copyright, Plaintiff is entitled to either actual or statutory damages pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 504 and to its attorneys fees and costs pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 505. 62. The conduct of each Defendant is causing and, unless enjoined and restrained by

this Court, will continue to cause Plaintiff great and irreparable injury. Pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 14

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502 and 503, Plaintiff is entitled to injunctive relief prohibiting each Defendant from further infringing Plaintiffs copyright and ordering that each Defendant destroy all copies of the copyrighted Motion Picture made in violation of Plaintiffs exclusive rights to the copyright. COUNT II CONTRIBUTORY COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT 63. Plaintiff repeats and realleges each of the allegations contained in Paragraphs 1

through 62 as if fully set forth herein. 64. Plaintiff is, and at all relevant times, has been, the copyright owner of the Motion

Picture infringed upon by all Defendants. 65. Among the exclusive rights granted to Plaintiff under the Copyright Act are the

exclusive rights to reproduce the Motion Picture and to distribute the Motion Picture to the public. 66. The Plaintiff alleges that each Defendant, without the permission or consent of

the Plaintiff, has participated in a BitTorrent swarm directed at making the Motion Picture available for distribution to himself or herself as well as others, has used, and continues to use, BitTorrent software to download the Motion Picture, to distribute the Motion Picture to the public, including hundreds of other BitTorrent users, and/or to make the Motion Picture available for distribution to others. In doing so, Defendants have violated Plaintiffs exclusive rights of reproduction and distribution. 67. By participating in the BitTorrent swarm with other Defendants, each Defendant

induced, caused or materially contributed to the infringement of Plaintiffs copyright and exclusive rights under copyright by other Defendants and other swarm members. Exhibit A 15

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identifies the Doe Defendants known to Plaintiff as of the date of this Complaint who have, without the permission or consent of Plaintiff, contributed to the infringement of Plaintiffs copyright by other Defendants and other swarm members. 68. Each Defendants acts of contributory infringement have been willful, intentional,

and in disregard of and with indifference to the rights of Plaintiff. 69. As a result of each Defendants contributory infringement of Plaintiffs exclusive

rights under copyright, Plaintiff is entitled to either actual or statutory damages pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 504 and to its attorneys fees and costs pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 505. 70. The conduct of each Defendant is causing and, unless enjoined and restrained by

this Court, will continue to cause Plaintiff great and irreparable injury. Pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 502 and 503, Plaintiff is entitled to injunctive relief prohibiting each Defendant from further contributing to the infringement of Plaintiffs copyright and ordering that each Defendant destroy all copies of the copyrighted motion picture made in violation of Plaintiffs exclusive rights to the copyright. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for judgment against each Defendant as follows: A. For entry of preliminary and permanent injunctions providing that each Defendant shall be enjoined from directly or indirectly infringing Plaintiffs rights in the copyrighted Motion Picture (Plaintiffs Motion Picture), including without limitation by using the Internet to reproduce or copy Plaintiffs Motion Picture, to distribute Plaintiffs Motion Picture, or to make Plaintiffs Motion Picture available for distribution to the public, except pursuant to a lawful license or with the express authority of Plaintiff. Defendant also shall destroy all copies of Plaintiffs Motion 16

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Picture that Defendant has downloaded onto any computer hard drive or server without Plaintiffs authorization and shall destroy all copies of those downloaded Motion Picture transferred onto any physical medium or device in each Defendants possession, custody, or control. B. For actual damages or statutory damages pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 504, at the election of the Plaintiff. C. For Plaintiffs costs. D. For Plaintiffs reasonable attorneys fees. E. For such other and further relief as the Court deems proper. Respectfully submitted, PLAINTIFF WEST COAST PRODUCTIONS, INC. By its attorneys, MILE HIGH LAW OFFICE Dated: October 5, 2012 By:__/s/ Sanjin Mutic________ Sanjin Mutic Attorney at Law 621 Seventeenth St. Ste. 1101 Denver, CO 80293 303-204-6141 [email protected]

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