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    Trigonometry Trigonometry Trigonometry: Mathematics Project Mathematics Project

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    nagpalanish
    This document discusses trigonometry and its key concepts. It defines trigonometry as the study of relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle. It then covers the history of trigonometry from its origins in ancient Greece to its modern form developed by mathematicians like Euler. Finally, it explains trigonometric ratios, identities, and properties of acute, right, and complementary angles.

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    Trigonometry Trigonometry Trigonometry: Mathematics Project Mathematics Project

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    nagpalanish
    143 views8 pages
    This document discusses trigonometry and its key concepts. It defines trigonometry as the study of relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle. It then covers the history of trigonometry from its origins in ancient Greece to its modern form developed by mathematicians like Euler. Finally, it explains trigonometric ratios, identities, and properties of acute, right, and complementary angles.

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    This document discusses trigonometry and its key concepts. It defines trigonometry as the study of relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle. It then covers the history of trigonometry from its origins in ancient Greece to its modern form developed by mathematicians like Euler. Finally, it explains trigonometric ratios, identities, and properties of acute, right, and complementary angles.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    143 views8 pages

    Trigonometry Trigonometry Trigonometry: Mathematics Project Mathematics Project

    Uploaded by

    nagpalanish
    This document discusses trigonometry and its key concepts. It defines trigonometry as the study of relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle. It then covers the history of trigonometry from its origins in ancient Greece to its modern form developed by mathematicians like Euler. Finally, it explains trigonometric ratios, identities, and properties of acute, right, and complementary angles.

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    of 8

    TRIGONOMETRY

    MATHEMATICS PROJECT

    SUBMITTED BY HK MADHULIKA X B 38

    INTRODUCTION
    The word trigonometry is derived from the Greek words tri meaning three, gon meaning sides and metron meaning measure. In fact, Trigonometry is the study of relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle. Most of the technologically advanced methods used in Engineering and Physical Sciences are based on trigonometrical based concepts. It is fundamental to astronomy and navigation. It is also the foundation of the practical art of surveying. The trigonometric functions are pervasive in parts of pure mathematics and applied mathematics such as Fourier analysis and the wave equation, which are in turn , essential to many branches of science and technology.

    HISTORY
    Trigonometry is a field of mathematics first compiled in 2nd century BC by the Greek mathematician Hipparchus. In 1595, an influential work on trigonometry was published which may have coined the word "trigonometry". Early study of triangles can be traced to the 2nd millennium BC, in Egypt In Indian astronomy, the study of Egypt. , trigonometric functions flowered in the Gupta period, especially due to Aryabhata (6th century). period During the middle Ages, the study of trigonometry continued in Islamic mathematics, whence it was adopted as a s mathematics, separate subject in the Latin West. The development of modern trigonometry shifted during the western Age of Enlightenment, beginning with 17th Enlightenment, 17thcentury mathematics (Isaac Newton and James Stirling) and reaching Isaac ) its modern form with Leonhard Euler (1748).

    TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
    The trigonometric ratios of the angle ( ) in right triangle ABC) are defined as follows: Sine of Cosine of Tangent of = = = = = = = = = =

    Cosecant of = Secant of = Cotangent of

    The ratios defined above are abbreviated as sin , cos , tan , cosec , sec and cot respectively. The ratios cosec , se and co are ratio cot respecti1vely, the reciprocals of the ratios sin , cos and tan . Sin = Cosec =

    Cos =

    Sec =

    Tan =

    Cot =

    TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF ACUTE ANGLES


    0 sin cos Tan cosec Sec Cot
    0 1 0 Not Defined 1 Not Defined 1 2 2 1

    30

    45

    60

    90
    1 0 Not Defined 1 Not Defined 0

    We observe: As increases from 0 to90, sin increases from 0 to 1 and cos A decreases from 1 to 0. tan = cot = exceed 1, whereas the , The values of sin and cos never value of sec and cosec are always greater than or equal to 1. The value of cosec the reciprocal of sin The value of sec the reciprocal of cos The value of tan the reciprocal of cot Hence, these trigonometric relationships are verified : Sin = Cosec = Cos = Tan = Sec = Cot =

    TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES


    Two angles are said to be complementary if their sum equals 90. In ABC, right-angled at B, since A + C = 90, they form such a pair. We have: cosec A= sin A= cos A = tan A = sec A = cot A =
    1

    he The trigonometric ratios for C = 90 A. 90 A can be written as 90 A. AB is the side opposite and BC is the side adjacent to the angle 90 A. sin (90 - A) = cosec (90- A) = (90 cos (90 - A) = tan (90 - A) = sec (90- A) = (90 cot (90- A) = (90
    2

    Now, compare the ratios in (1) and (2). Observe that: sin (90- A) = = cos A & cos (90- A) = =sin A tan (90- A) = =cot A & sec(90-A)= =cosec A & cot (90 - A) = =tan A tan cosec(90-A)= =sec A

    So, sin (90 A) = cos A, cos (90 A) = sin A, A tan (90 A) = cot A, cot (90 A) = tan A, sec (90 A) = cosec A, cosec (90 A) = sec A,

    TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
    Identities are those equations that hold true for any value. Similarly, an equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle is called a trigonometric identity, if it is true for all values of the angle(s) involved. In ABC, right angled at B we have: (1) AB2 + BC2 = AC2 2 Dividing each term of (1) by AC ) i.e., (cos A) 2 + (sin A) 2 = 1 A 2 2 cos A + sin A = 1 (2) This is true for all A such that 0 A 90. Dividing eqn (1) by AB2

    1 + tan2 A = sec2 A (3) This is true for all A such that 0 A 90. Dividing (1) by BC2

    cot2 A + 1 = cosec2 A (4) This is true for all A such that 0 A 90.

    Filename: maths Directory: C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents Template: C:\Documents and Settings\xp\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dotm Title: Subject: Author: alpha Keywords: Comments: Creation Date: 6/22/2006 12:03:00 PM Change Number: 19 Last Saved On: 6/24/2006 3:33:00 AM Last Saved By: alpha Total Editing Time: 312 Minutes Last Printed On: 8/26/2012 6:49:00 PM As of Last Complete Printing Number of Pages: 7 Number of Words: 1,075 (approx.) Number of Characters: 6,128 (approx.)

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