A STUDY OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE PO CHARACTERS AND HIS RELATIVES UTTERANCES CONTAINING CONFLICTS IN KUNG FU PANDA HOLIDAY MOVIE

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the Study Human communication concerns with the making of meaning and the exchange of understanding. As human beings, people communicate each other in sending and receiving messages to convey their ideas, feelings, or things in mind. According to Wilson (1995, p.5) in his book Mass Media / Mass Culture: An Introduction, communications is The process by which individuals shares information, ideas, and attitudes. As a means of communication, language is also the media concerning the way people can understand the utterances delivered to them. Language takes an important role in our lives. Moreover, the function of language is used by people to communicate or interact with each other that the process of communication is regarded as the way to give ideas and transfer messages through utterances. However, every utterance which is produced by people always causes what we call speech acts. According to Yule (1996, p.47), speech act is an action performed by the use of utterance to communicate. Moreover, Austin (as cited in Coulthart, 1985, p.17) asserts that in saying anything one is performing some kinds of acts or in simple words. It means that speech act is an utterance of a speaker that is used to say something or do something. According to Austin in Levinson (1983:236) there are three kinds of acts: Locutionary act, Illocutionary act, and Perlocutionary act. Locutionary act is speech act of saying something. Locutionary act is the act of saying something in the full sense of say. An illocutionary act is the act performed in saying something, the act is identified by the explicit performative. And Perlocutionary act is the act performed as a result of saying. The writers are interested in analyzing speech acts because this study is not only concerned with what people say but also how people produce utterances in order to inform or do something. A study of speech acts can be applied in many kinds of media, including movie. In this study, the writers observe the meaning of utterances by the main character Po and his relatives,

The Furious Five, Master Shifu and his father Mr. Ping to determine speech acts and illocutionary acts. Besides, the writers also want to know in which of the utterances containing conflicts between the characters in Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie According to Nelde (1997, p.651), there are two types of conflicts: verbal conflicts and non verbal conflicts. Nelde (1997, p.651) defines verbal conflicts as the conflict between two people because they do not understand or do not believe in each other. The speaker and the hearer involved in verbal conflicts cannot restrain emotion so that they are quarrelling to defend their opinions. The writers take Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie because this movie has not been studied yet by other researchers who deal with speech acts. Besides, this movie consider as comedy movie that mostly watch as entertaining movie but the writers want to show the conflicts part in the utterances of the characters to determine illocutionary and locutionary acts containing conflicts in the utterances of the characters of Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie as the study of speech acts.

1. Problems of the Study In this study, the writers are going to analyze Kungfu Panda Holiday movie in the point of locutionary and illocutionary acts. This study aims to answer some questions as follows: 1. What are locutionary acts used in the utterances which contain verbal conflicts produced by the characters in Kungfu Panda Holiday Movie? 2. What are illocutionary acts used in the utterances which contain verbal conflicts produced by the characters in Kungfu Panda Holiday movie? 2. Objectives of the Study 1. To find out the locutionary acts used in the utterances which contain verbal conflicts produced by Po and his relatives in Kung Fu Panda movie. 2. To find out the illocutionary acts used in the utterances which contain verbal conflicts produced by Po and his relatives. 3. Scope and Limitation of the Study To make this study more specific and not out of topic, the writers focuses on the analysis of speech acts in the main characters, Po and his relatives of Kung Fu Panda movie especially locutionary and illocutionary acts that contain verbal conflict only. 4. Definitioon of the Key Terms 1. Pragmatics is one of the branches of linguistics which study about language in use (Brown and Yule, 1983, p.27) 2. Speech Act is An action performed by the utterance to communicate (Yule, 1996, p.47) 3. Locutionary Act is an act which is the basic act of utterance, or producing a meaningful linguistic expression (Yule, 1996, p.48) 4. Illocutionary Act is the name of statement, offer, promise, etc with a conventional force (Austin, 1955, p.109) 5. Movie is a formalistic of entertainment that concerned with patterns such as dialogues, symbolic, sound effects, and musical motifs (Gianetti, 2002, p.470) 6. Conflict is a serious different of opinions or disagreement to be in opposition (Oxford Advanced Learners)

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. Pragmatics According to Yule (1996, p.127) Pragmatics is the study of invisible meaning, or how people recognize what is meant even when it is not actually said or written, it can be seen that the general scope of pragmatics is a systematic way of explaining language in human context use. Moreover, Levinson (as cited in Mey, 1993, p.37) describe that pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammaticalized or encoded in the structure of language Then, pragmatics is used in this study to help the writes understand the communication including its context, knowledge of who, when, why, and where the communication takes place. Thus, the writers take speech act as a topic in pragmatics to search the literal meaning of utterances in order to perform an action. 2. Speech Acts Language is not only a matter of utterances or sentences but it has function to perform an action. It means that when people communicate with each other, they produce speech act which is concerned with what people say through language. In this case, they produce some utterances in order to inform and do something. Austin (as cited in Coulthard, 1985, p.17) asserts that in saying anything one is performing some kinds of acts or in simple words; Austin called it as speech act. Speech acts theory considers the sense in which to say something may be to do something which it can perform three acts simultaneously: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. A locutionary act is the act of saying something in full sense of say. An illocutionary act is the act performed in saying something. Then a perlocutionary act is the act performed as a result of saying. In this case, the speaker performs locutionary and illocutionary act, while the hearer performs perlocutionary act.

According to Yule (1996, p. 47) speech act is an action performes by the use of utterances to communicate, it means that the speaker performs the action produce an utterance in their communication. 3. Types of Locutionary Act In this study, the writers display the types of locutionary act based on two theories proposed by Levinson (1983) and Langacker (1972). According to Langacker (1972, p.168), the locutionary acts can be divided into three types. They are declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, and imperative sentence. It is also similar to Levinson (1983, p.242) which is also divides the locutionary acts into three types. The declarative sentence is used as a statement to give information or tell someone. The interrogative sentence is used to ask question. Then, the imperative is used to give an order or make a request. 4. Types of Illocutionary Act According to Searle (1983), there are just five basic kinds of action that one can perform in speaking, by means of the following five types of utterance: 1. Representative Representatives are acts that describe some state of affairs. Speaker conveys his beliefs that some proposition is true. (This category includes: asserting, concluding, stating, suggesting, boasting, complaining, claiming, insisting, and criticizing) 2. Directive It is an act when the speaker attempts to get the listener to do something (This category includes: requesting, questioning, ordering, commanding, advising, recommending, asking, demanding, daring, defying, and challenging) 3. Commisives Commisives act is which commits the speaker himself to acting and it necessarily involves intention (this category includes: promising, threatening, offering, vowing, intending, assuring, to do or to refrain from doing something). 4. Expressives

Expressive act is an act which the speaker express feeling and attitude. This category includes: thanking, apologizing, welcoming, congratulating, pardoning, blaming, praising, condoling, deploring. 5. Declaratives Declaratives act is an act that changes the state of affairs in the world. In declarative, what is being said is more global and everybody knows it. This category includes: excommunicating, declaring war, christening, firing on employment, resigning, dismissing, naming, appointing, sentencing, bidding. 5. Conflict People use language to communicate and convey their message to each other. Sometime, there are conflicts happen while communicate. According to Nelde (1997, p.651) defines that language conflict is any type of verbal and nonverbal opposition ranging from disagreement to disputes, mostly in social interaction. In this case, Nelde (1997, p. 651) says that conflicts consist of two types; verbal conflicts and nonverbal conflicts. Verbal conflict is the conflict between two people because they do not understand or do not believe in each other. As the result, they try to defend their own opinion and cannot restrain their emotion. While nonverbal conflict expresses the conflict that can index the linguistic means of expressing conflict and vice versa. It means that the conflict that conducts gestures and facial expression. In this study, the writers find the dialogue between Po and his relatives shows verbal conflicts. It is because they can not restrain their emotion and they quarrelling to defend their own opinions.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Type of Research This study uses qualitative approach. It is because this study focuses on utterances that are written in Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie script. In analyzing the data, the writers conduct the study of the locutionary and illocutionary acts that are classified into descriptive method, and it means that all the data are in the form of words. As said by Ary et all (2002, p. 425), the qualitative inquirer deals with the data that are in the form of words, rather than numbers or statistics. Furthermore, the type of research used in this study is a document analysis. By using this method, this study analysis the content of the movie script of Kung Fu Panda Holiday to find locutionary and illocutionary acts. 3.2 Data Source This study is intended to find out the study of speech acts particularly on the locutionary and illocutionary acts found in the utterances of Po and his relatives, The Furious Five, Master Shifu and his father Mr. Ping in Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie. Therefore, the data sources in this study are taken from the script of Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie from the website: http://subscene.com/english/Kung-Fu-Panda-Holiday-Special/subtitle-393898.aspx. This data chosen because this movie has a good message which the audiences can learn that we should not -----------http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1702433/. This movie becomes as nominee in the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA in 2011 which categorized as Best Television Presentation and also as nominee in Annie Award which categorized as Best Animated Television Production. 3.3 Data Collection After the data sources are available, the next step of this study is data collection. In Ary et all (2002) data collection method describes the methods that are used to gather the data. In this case, the most common data collection methods used in qualitative research is observation, interviewing, and document analyses. Therefore from one of many ways in collecting the data,

this study uses document analysis that is taken from the written text of the dialogue script of Kung Fu Panda Holiday Movie. In collecting the data, the writers used the following steps: 1. 2. 3. Watching Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie to understand the whole story of the movie. Taking the script of Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie from the internet. Reading the script of Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie while watching the movie again to check the conflict occur between Po and his relatives, The Furious Five, Master Shifu and his father Mr. Ping. The conflicts between them are verbal conflicts. 4. Identifying the utterances consisting of speech acts especially the locutionary and illocutionary acts. 3.4 Data Analysis Moleong (2004) defines data analysis as the process in organizing the data and putting them in sequence based on the pattern, category, and the basic characteristic. So that, from this definition, the writers used the following steps in analyzing the data. 1. 2. Listing the selected dialogues of the utterances of Po and his relatives, The Furious Five, Master Shifu and his father Mr. Ping showing conflicts which are called verbal dispute. Describing the setting, participants, and event of each topic. The writers wants to give clear explanation about the descriptive of setting, participants, and the event of Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie in order to understand the conflict of Po and his relatives, The Furious Five, Master Shifu and his father Mr. Ping. 3. Identifying the speech acts especially the locutionary and illocutionary acts in the utterances of Po and his relatives, The Furious Five, Master Shifu and his father Mr. Ping that contain conflicts. The writer wants to give clear identification about the locutionary and illocutionary acts; therefore the writers analyze the utterance by utterance of the conversation between Po and his relatives. 4. Analyzing and Discussing the data based on the theory of speech acts especially locutionary acts proposed by Langacker (1972) which supported by Levinson (1983) and illocutionary acts proposed by Searle as cited in Mey (1993) which is supported by Austin (1955). The writers want to give interpretation about the data which have been analyzed based on those three theories. In this case, the writers use three types of locutionary acts i.e.

declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentence, and five types of illocutionary acts i.e. representative, directive, commisive, expressive and declarative. 5. Making conclusion based on the result of analysis in order to give clear summary.

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND CONCLUSION The data description of this study is the analysis both of locutionary and illocutionary acts. The writers determine the locutionary act into three types: declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences. On the other hand, the illocutionary acts divide into five types: representative, directive, commisive, expressive and declarative. 4.1 DATA DESCRIPTION The data of this study was taken from the script of Kung Fu Panda Holiday in http://subscene.com/english/Kung-Fu-Panda-Holiday-Special/subtitle-393898.aspx. The writers selected the data from the utterances, which contained verbal conflict between Po as the main character with his relatives, The Furious Five, Master Shifu and his father Mr. Ping in this movie. Then, the data was analyzed based the speech act theory, especially locutionary act proposed by Levinson (1983) and illocutionary act proposed by Searle as cited in Mey (1993), which is supported by Austin (1955). Table 4.1: The Data Description of the Utterances of Po and His Relatives in Kung Fu Panda Holiday Movie Which Contain Verbal Conflicts NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 UTTERANCES Steel yourself against my steel, villain! Your reign of tears is over! Please don't eat my son! Where are you going? We're cooking together! Evil doesn't take a holiday. Po, don't go! Don't go, my son! You can't leave me alone! I am sorry, Po. There are no guests allowed. I can't bring my dad? But he's my dad. We always spend the holiday together.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 2.

Po, do not let me down. What just happened? The what? Is that a thing? It doesn't even sound like a thing. Can't we just get the rabbit back? Isn't really what we're looking for? That one really is bad. Oh, that won't work. Why not? What about our friends? Okay, dad, I appreciate that you care But, dad, I need you. Huh! The best chefs in the land, huh? Really? You think your fancy palace ladle is better than mine? I want us to be together. But I can't be here! I have responsibilities to Shifu! Don't you see my big smiling with happiness for you? No, no, no. I am not here to dice carrots. I am here to fight you. But it is not my place to say. It is my place to die. Po! Come back here! Oh, Po, why did you ruin something that was perfect? ANALYSIS OF THE DATA These tables below present about the analysis of the data based on the data

description. The writers analyzed about speech act theory especially locution and illocutionary acts based on the theory proposed by Langacker (1972), which is supported, by Levinson (1983) and Searle as cited in Mey (1993). Thus, the utterances of Po and his relatives that contain verbal conflict in Kung Fu Panda Holiday movie would be analyzed.
Table 4.2: The Analysis of Situation within Po and His Relatives in Kung Fu Panda Holiday Movie Which Contain Verbal Conflicts

NO

UTTERANCES

LOCUTIONARY

ILLOCUTIONARY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Steel yourself against my steel, Declarative villain! Your reign of tears is over! Please don't eat my son! Where are you going? We're cooking together! Evil doesn't take a holiday. Po, don't go! Don't go, my son! You can't leave me alone! I am sorry, Po. There are no guests allowed. Declarative Declarative Interrogative Declarative Declarative Imperative Imperative Declarative

Expressive-showing anger Representative-claiming Directive-requesting Directive-questioning Representative-stating Representative-asserting Directive-requesting Directive-commanding Expressive-apologizing

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

I can't bring my dad?

Interrogative

Expressive-showing disbelieve Representative-stating Directive-requesting Directive-questioning Expressive-showing disbelieve Expressive-showing disbelieve Directive-ordering Commisive-refusing Representative-stating Commisive-refusing Directive-questioning Expressive-showing believe Representative-stating Expressive-showing disbelieve Expressive-showing disbelieve Directive-requesting Expressive-deploring

But he's my dad. We always Declarative spend the holiday together. Po, do not let me down. What just happened? The what? Is that a thing? Imperative Interrogative Interrogative

It doesn't even sound like a Declarative thing. Can't we just get the rabbit Interrogative back? Isn't really what we're looking Interrogative for? That one really is bad. Declarative Oh, that won't work. Declarative Why not? What about our Interrogative friends? Okay, dad, I appreciate that you Declarative care But, dad, I need you. Declarative Huh! The best chefs in the land, Declarative huh? Really? You think your fancy Declarative palace ladle is better than mine? I want us to be together. But I can't be here! Declarative Imperative

27 28 29 30 31 32 33

I have responsibilities to Shifu! Imperative Don't you see my big smiling Declarative with happiness for you? No, no, no. Declarative I am not here to dice carrots. I Declarative am here to fight you. But it is not my place to say. It is Declarative my place to die. Po! Come back here! Imperative Oh, Po, why did you ruin Interrogative something that was perfect?

Representative-arguing Directive-questioning Commisive-refusing Commisive-refusing Representative-claiming Directive-requesting Directive-questioning

4.3 CONCLUSION After finishing the analysis, the writers make some conclusions. First, Kung Fu Panda movie consist of 33 utterances which said by Po and his relatives which contain verbal conflicts and apply speech acts especially locutionary acts and illocutionary acts. Second, the utterances of Po and his relatives, which contain verbal conflicts often, use declarative sentence in types of locutionary act. Third, the utterances of Po and is relatives, which contain verbal conflicts often use directive sentence in types of illocutionary act. Forth, the writers found four patterns of illocutionary acts that are used in the utterances of Po and his relatives. Those patterns are determined by the combination of illocutionary types and sub types such as patterns of representative, directive, commisive, expressive. However, the writers did not find the use of declarative in illocutionary acts.

REFERENCES Ary, Donald, Jacobs, Lucy, Cheser and Razavieh, Asyhar. (2002). Introduction to Research and Education (6th Ed). California: Wordsworth Austin, John. L. (1995). How to Do Thing with Words. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress Langacker, Ronald. W. (1972). Fundamental of Linguistic Analysis. New York: Horcourt Brace Jovanovich Levinson, Stephen. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press. (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1702433/awards) http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1702433/plotsummary Mey, Jacob. L. (1993). Pragmatics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Moleong, Lexy, J. (2004). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya Nelde, Peter Hans. (1997). Language Conflict. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Yule, George (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Yule, George (1996). The Study of language (Second Ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.