400KV Circuit Breaker

Live Tank Circuit Breakers
Buyers Guide
Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter-Page
Products
Introduction Explanations Puffer, Auto-PufferTM Design Features and Advantages: LTB Circuit Breaker Family HPL Circuit Breaker Family BLK Operating Mechanism BLG Operating Mechanism FSA1 Operating Mechanism MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism
A-2 B-1 C-1 D-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 H-1 I-1
Technical Information
Technical Catalogues: LTB Circuit Breaker Family HPL Circuit Breaker Family BLK Operating Mechanism BLG Operating Mechanism FSA1 Operating Mechanism MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism Optional for Special Applications: Composite Insulators Controlled Switching Monitoring Seismic Withstand Capability Quality Control and Testing Inquiry Data P-1 Q-1 R-1 S-1 T-1 U-1 J-1 K-1 L-1 M-1 N-1 O-1
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Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide
Introduction
Exceeding Customer Expectations ABB Live Tank Circuit Breakers

ABB has over a century of experience in developing, testing and manufacturing high voltage circuit breakers. Through the years, our circuit breakers have acquired a reputation for high reliability and long life in all climates and in all parts of the world. ABB is currently introducing the future technology for high voltage circuit breakers. Our design work with constant improvements and simplifiProduct range Type
cation of our products have resulted in; 550 kV circuit breakers without grading capacitors; the Motor Drive with a servo motor system that accurately controls and monitors the contact operation and the LTB D circuit breakers with FSA1 that provide fast and simple installation at site. Our development program is strongly focused on providing added value for our customers
Maximum rated voltage (kV) Maximum rated current (A) 3150 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 Maximum rated breaking current (kA) 40 50 50 50 63 63 63
Circuit Breaker type LTB SF6 Auto-Puffer interrupter design Spring or Motor Drive operating mechanism(s) Circuit Breaker type HPL SF6 puffer interrupter design Spring operating mechanism(s) Controlled Switching Condition Monitoring
LTB D1/B LTB E1 LTB E2 LTB E4 HPL B1 HPL B2 HPL B4 Switchsync OLM2
170 245 550 800 300 550 800
Other data and/or special applications not covered in this Buyers Guide will be quoted on request. For information on Configurable Switchgear Solutions with LTB and HPL SF6 Circuit Breakers (i.e. Withdrawable Circuit Breakers, Disconnecting Circuit Breakers and Line Entrance Modules), please see separate brochures. See specially Buyers and Application Guide, Compact air insulated HV switchgear solutions with Disconnecting Circuit Breaker. Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 23-03en. Further information about controlled switching applications and Switchsync controllers is found in Controlled Switching, Buyers Guide/Application Guide. Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 22-01en.
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Explanations
Explanations
General
Standard/Customer specification There are international and national standards, as well as customer specifications. ABB can meet most requirements, as long as we are aware of them. IEC or ANSI (ANSI/IEEE) are the most common standards. In case of doubt, please enclose a copy of specification with the enquiry. Type tests (design tests) and routine tests (production tests) are required by standards. Type tests Type tests are performed only once on one representative test object in accordance with applicable standards and are not repeated without extra charge. The purpose of the type tests is to verify the ratings of the design. Routine tests Routine tests are performed on each circuit breaker before delivery in accordance with applicable standards. The purpose of the routine tests is to verify the assembly and the function on every individual circuit breaker. Routine test certificates are sent to the user with each delivery. Extended routine tests exceeding requirements by standards will be charged extra. Please see special chapter page T-1, Quality Control and Testing. Rated voltage The rated voltage is the maximum voltage (phase-phase), expressed in kV rms, of the system for which the equipment is intended. It is also known as maximum system voltage. The combination of voltage values which characterizes the insulation of a circuit breaker with regard to its capability to withstand dielectric stresses. The rated value given is valid for altitudes 1000 m above sea level. A correction factor is introduced for higher altitudes. The definition Across isolating distance is only applicable for disconnectors and disconnecting circuit breakers. The lightning impulse test is performed with a standardized wave shape 1.2/50 s for simulation of lightning over-voltage. The rated Lightning Impulse Withstand Level (LIWL) indicates the required withstand level phase-to-earth (phase-to-ground), between phases and across open contacts. The value is expressed in kV as a peak value. For voltages 300 kV two values are stated by IEC, a LIWL voltage on one of the main terminals and power frequency voltage on the other. Example 420 kV: 1425 (+240) kV. Alternatively a LIWL pulse with the sum of the two voltages (1665 kV) can be applied on one terminal, while the other is grounded. BIL (Basic Insulating Level) is an old expression but means the same as LIWL. Rated Full Wave is often used in older ANSI/IEEE standards but means the same as LIWL. Rated Power Frequency Withstand Voltage This test is to show that the apparatus can withstand the power frequency over-voltages that can occur. The Rated Power Frequency Withstand voltage indicates the required withstand voltage phase-to-earth (phase-to-ground), between phases and across open contacts. The value is expressed in kV rms. For voltages 300 kV the power-frequency voltage test is partly replaced by the switching impulse test. The wave shape 250/2500 s simulates switching over-voltage. The rated Switching Impulse Withstand Level (SIWL) indicates the required withstand level phase-to-earth (phase-to-ground), between phases and across open contacts. The value is expressed in kV as a peak value. The switching impulse is required only for voltages 300 kV. Two values are stated by IEC, a SIWL voltage on one of the main terminals and power frequency voltage on the other. Example 420 kV: 900 (+345) kV. Alternatively a SIWL pulse with the sum of the two voltages (1245 kV) can be applied on one terminal, while the other is grounded. B-1
Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide
Tests
Rated insulation level
Rated LIWL
Rated SIWL
Explanations
General
Rated Chopped Wave The rated chopped wave impulse withstand level at 2 s and 3 s respectively, indicates the required withstand level phase-to-earth (phase-to-ground) and Impulse Withstand voltage Phase-to-earth across open contacts. and Across open gap The chopped wave impulse is only referred to in ANSI/IEEE standards and hence, not applicable for IEC. Rated frequency The rated (power) frequency is the nominal frequency of the system expressed in Hz, which the circuit breaker is designed to operate in. Standard frequencies are 50 Hz and 60 Hz. Other frequencies, such as 16 2/3 Hz and 25 Hz might be applicable for some railway applications. Rated normal current The rated normal current (sometimes referred to as rated current, nominal current or rated continuous current) is the maximum continuous current the equipment is allowed to carry. The current is expressed in A rms. The rated normal current is based on a maximum ambient temperature of +40 C. At higher temperatures derating of the normal current might be necessary. Rated short-time withstand current The rated short-time withstand current is the maximum current (expressed in kA rms) which the equipment shall be able to carry in closed position for a specified time duration. The rated short-time withstand current is equal to the rated short-circuit breaking current. Standard values for duration are 1 or 3 s. Rated peak withstand current The peak withstand current is the peak value of the first major loop (expressed in kA) during a short-time withstand current that the equipment shall be able to carry. The peak value is related to the rms value, frequency and time constant (). Specified values are: - 2.5 x rated short-time withstand current at 50 Hz at = 45 ms - 2.6 x rated short-time withstand current at 60 Hz at = 45 ms - 2.7 x rated short-time withstand current at 50/60 Hz at > 45 ms The rated short-circuit (breaking) current is the maximum symmetrical shortcircuit current in kA rms, which a circuit breaker shall be capable of breaking. Two values are related to the rated short-circuit current: - the rms value of the AC component - the percentage DC component (depending on the minimum opening time of the circuit breaker and the time constant ) Rated short-circuit making current The rated short-circuit making current is the maximum peak current the circuit breaker shall be able to close and latch against. This is also referred to in ANSI/IEEE as closing and latching capability. Rated short-circuit making current is equal to Rated peak withstand current. The peak value is related to the rms value of the rated short-circuit breaking current, frequency and time constant (). Specified values are: - 2.5 x rated short-time withstand current at 50 Hz at = 45 ms - 2.6 x rated short-time withstand current at 60 Hz at = 45 ms - 2.7 x rated short-time withstand current at 50/60 Hz at > 45 ms
Rated short-circuit breaking current
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Explanations
System and Switching Conditions
Earthing of the network The earthing of the network may vary with region and rated voltage. For higher rated voltages, networks tend to have effectively earthed neutral. For lower rated voltages, networks usually have non-effectively earthed neutral (isolated or resonant earthed). The type of earthing is an important parameter for defining the transient recovery voltage. First-pole-to-clearfactor The first-pole-to-clear-factor (kpp) is depending on the earthing of the network. The first-pole-to-clear-factor is used for calculating the transient recovery voltage for threephase faults. In general the following cases apply: - kpp = 1.3 corresponds to three-phase faults in systems with an effectively earthed neutral. - kpp = 1.5 corresponds to three-phase faults in isolated systems or resonant earthed systems. - kpp = 1.0 corresponds to special cases, e.g. two-phase railway systems. A special case is when there is a three-phase fault without involving earth. This case corresponds to kpp = 1.5. This case is covered by the ANSI/IEEE standards. Rated Transient Recovery Voltage The rated transient recovery voltage (TRV) is the peak transient voltage (expressed in kV) that corresponds to the first-pole-to-clear when interrupting a three-phase fault at rated short-circuit current. The rated transient recovery voltage (uc) is calculated as follows (based on IEC): Where: Ur = Rated voltage (kV) kpp = first-pole-to-clear-factor kaf = Amplitude factor (According to IEC: 1.4 at 100% short-circuit current) Example: At 145 kV with kpp = 1.5 the rated transient recovery voltage will be 249 kV Rated out-of-phase making and breaking current Out-of-phase The rated out-of-phase breaking current is the maximum out-of-phase breaking current the circuit breaker shall be capable of breaking. The standard value of the rated out-of-phase breaking current is 25% of the rated short-circuit breaking current. The power frequency recovery voltage (rms) for out-of-phase conditions can be calculated as: The corresponding transient recovery voltage (uc) can be calculated as: Where: Ur = Rated voltage (kV) kpp = first-pole-to-clear-factor (out-of-phase) or out-of-phase voltage factor kaf = Amplitude factor (According to IEC: 1.25) Example: At 245 kV with kpp = 2.0, the out-of-phase transient recovery voltage will be 500 kV Standardized values for the out-of-phase voltage factors are: - 2.0 for systems with effectively earthed neutral - 2.5 for systems with non-effectively earthed neutral The applied voltage before making is not affected by the earthing of the system. The maximum applied voltage during out-of-phase conditions is always 2.0 times the single-phase voltage.
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Explanations

Rated surge impedance and other short-line fault characteristics When a short-circuit occurs on an overhead line not far from a circuit breaker, traveling waves will generate a very steep first part of the transient recovery voltage. The Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage, RRRV is depending on the short-circuit current and the surge impedance. The surge impedance may vary depending on e.g. type of conductors. In standards (IEC and ANSI/IEEE), the surge impedance has been standardized to a value of 450 . Other characteristics for the short-line fault are the peak factor and the RRRV factor. These have been standardized to the following values: Peak factor: 1.6 RRRV factor: 0.2 (kV/s)/kA for 50 Hz 0.24 (kV/s)/kA for 60 Hz Capacitive voltage factor The capacitive voltage factor is used for defining the single-phase recovery voltage for different capacitive switching applications. The factor is depending on the following: Application - no-load line switching - no-load cable switching - capacitor bank switching Earthing of the network - earthed neutral - non-effectively earthed neutral (isolated or resonant earthed) Standard values for capacitive voltage factors for normal service conditions are as follows: No-load line switching: - 1.2 (effectively earthed neutral) - 1.4 (non-effectively earthed neutral) No-load cable switching: - 1.0 (screened cables in systems with solidly earthed neutral) - 1.2 (belted cables in systems with effectively earthed neutral) - 1.4 (in systems with non-effectively earthed neutral) Capacitor bank switching: - 1.0 (capacitor bank with earthed neutral in systems with solidly earthed neutral) - 1.4 (capacitor bank with isolated neutral) When different capacitive voltage factors apply from different applications, the highest value should be referred to. The voltage factor can be used to calculate the single-phase recovery voltage peak: Where: Ur = Rated voltage kc = capacitive voltage factor Example: What is the peak recovery voltage for a 245 kV breaker when switching a no-load line with earthed neutral? The voltage factor is 1.2 due to earthed neutral system. The peak recovery voltage is:
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Explanations
Explanations
Capacitive switching class There are two different capacitive switching classes: Class C1: Circuit breaker with low probability of restrike during capacitive switching. Class C2: Circuit breaker with very low probability of restrike during capacitive switching. A circuit breaker intended for Class C2 can of course also be used for Class C1. Rated capacitive inrush current and inrush frequency The rated capacitive inrush current (peak value) is only applicable for circuit breakers intended for switching of (mainly back-to-back) capacitor banks. The inrush current is characterized by a very high inrush current and inrush frequency. Values may vary due to different configurations of capacitor banks, current limiting inductance etc. Standardized value of inrush current is 20 kA (peak value) and with an inrush current frequency of 4.25 kHz. Time constant The time constant of the system is equal to the ratio between inductance and resistance in the network (L/R) and is expressed in ms. Standard value is 45 ms. The time constant will affect the required DC component. There is a relationship between the time constant and the X/R-ratio. If a required X/R-ratio has been given, the time constant in ms can easily be calculated by dividing the X/R-ratio with (2 x x f), where f is the rated frequency. Example: X/R = 14 corresponds to a time constant of 45 ms at 50 Hz X/R = 17 corresponds to a time constant of 45 ms at 60 Hz
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Explanations
Ambient Conditions
Minimum ambient temperature The minimum ambient (air) temperature specifies the lowest temperature at which the circuit breaker shall be able to operate, at specified ratings. Important standard values are -30 C and -40 C The minimum ambient temperature affects the choice of gas pressure and/or gas mixture. Maximum ambient temperature The maximum ambient (air) temperature specifies the highest temperature at which the circuit breaker shall be able to operate, at specified ratings. The maximum ambient temperature can affect the continuous current carrying capability. Standard value is +40 C. Altitude If height above sea level (a.s.l.) >1000 m the external dielectric strength is reduced due to lower density of air. Correction factor according to standard has to be used for external insulation. (IEC 62271-1) The creepage distance is defined as the shortest distance along the surface of an insulator between two conductive parts.
The required creepage distance is specified by the user in: - mm (total creepage distance) - mm/kV (creepage distance in relation to the phase to ground voltage).
Creepage distance
NOTE! Creepage distance voltage used to be phase to phase voltage. To avoid confusion check which voltage reference that is used. Pollution level Environmental conditions, with respect to pollution, are sometimes categorized in pollution levels. The pollution levels are described in IEC 60815. During 2008 the former levels I, II, III and IV was replaced with the five levels a, b, c, d, and e. There is a relation between each pollution level and a corresponding minimum nominal specific creepage distance. Since 2008 IEC 60815 states that the phase - ground voltage shall be used for description of creepage distances instead of phase - phase voltage as in the old versions of the standard. As a reference the old values are also given below. Pollution level Creepage distance Phase - Ground voltage mm/kV a - Very light b - Light c - Medium d - Heavy e - Very Heavy Ice class 22 28 35 44 55 Creepage distance (Old) Phase - Phase voltage mm/kV (16) (20) (25) (31)
If applicable, outdoor switchgear may be assigned to withstand a specified ice coating. Three classes exist in IEC: - 1 mm of ice coating - 10 mm of ice coating - 20 mm of ice coating
Wind load
The specified wind loads for circuit breakers intended for outdoor normal conditions are based on a wind speed of 34 m/s, (IEC).
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Explanations
Explanations
Design
Single- or three-pole operation For single-pole operation (1-pole operation), each individual pole of the circuit breaker is operated by its own operating mechanism. This makes singlephase as well as three-phase auto-reclosing possible. For three-pole operation, (ganged operation) all three poles are operated by a common operating mechanism. The three poles are mechanically linked together for three-phase auto-reclosing. (Two-pole operation applies only for special applications, i.e. railway systems.) Trip-free circuit breaker A circuit breaker which can perform a complete opening operation, even if the trip command is activated during a closing operation and with the closing command maintained. NOTE! To ensure proper breaking of the current that may be established, it may be necessary that the contacts momentarily reach the closed position. Fixed trip A circuit breaker that cannot be released except when it is in the closed position. Pre-Insertion Resistors Pre-insertion resistors (closing resistors) are used to limit over-voltages in the network during switching operations. The pre-insertion resistors are only used (PIR) during closing and consist of resistor blocks that are connected in parallel with the breaking chamber. The resistor blocks will close the circuit approximately 8-12 ms before the arcing contacts. Pre-insertion resistors are mainly used at higher system voltages (362 kV). Pre-insertion resistors should not be mixed up with opening resistors, which are used for reducing (damping) the TRV during opening. Opening resistors are mainly used on older types of circuit breakers, e.g. air-blast circuit breakers. Rated operating sequence The rated operating sequence (also known as standard operating duty or standard duty cycle) is the specified operating sequence, which the circuit breaker shall be able to perform at specified ratings. There are two main alternatives: a) O - t - CO - t - CO Where: t = 0.3 s for circuit breakers intended for rapid auto-reclosing t = 3 min for circuit breakers not intended for rapid auto-reclosing t = 3 min b) CO - t - CO Where: t = 15 s for circuit breakers not intended for rapid auto-reclosing Mechanical endurance There are two different mechanical endurance classes: class Class M1: Circuit breaker with normal mechanical endurance (2,000 operations). Class M2: Frequently operated circuit-breaker for special service requirements (10,000 operations). A circuit breaker intended for Class M2 can of course also be used for Class M1. Terminal load The conductors connected to the circuit breaker terminals, as well as ice and wind loads, cause the resultant static terminal loads. Standard values for static terminal loads are given by the standards. The rated static terminal loads of the equipment are normally verified by load calculations.
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Explanations
Design
Pressure Gas pressures can be expressed in several units, such as MPa, bar, P.s.i etc. 1 MPa = 106 Pa = 10 bar = 145 P.s.i Rated filling pressure The rated filling pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 C and may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The rated filling pressure is the pressure to which the circuit breaker is filled before being put into service. Alarm pressure The alarm pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 C and may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The alarm pressure is the pressure at which a monitoring (alarm) signal indicates that replenishment is necessary in a relatively short time. Minimum pressure (Lock out, interlocking or blocking pressure) The minimum pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 C and may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The minimum pressure is the pressure at which the circuit breaker becomes interlocked for further operation and when replenishment is necessary. All type tests, except mechanical endurance test, are performed at this pressure. Maximum pressure The maximum pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 C and may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The maximum pressure is the pressure at which the circuit breaker is carrying its normal current at maximum ambient temperature. Grading capacitors Grading capacitors are sometimes used on circuit breakers of multi-break design (two or more identical making/breaking units connected in series) to obtain uniform distribution of the voltage stresses across the open gaps. The grading capacitor is connected in parallel with each and every making/ breaking unit and has a standard value of 1600 pF/capacitor. The total capacitance across one open gap is calculated as follows: Ctot = Cgr/n Where: - Cgr is the capacitance of each grading capacitor. - n is the number of making/breaking units connected in series. Parallel capacitor Parallel capacitors are used to increase the short-circuit capability of circuit breakers. The additional capacitance increases the time delay for the initial transient recovery voltage and has therefore an impact mainly on the short-line fault performance. NOTE: Line-to-ground capacitors have a similar effect as parallel capacitors but are mainly used on dead tank circuit breakers.
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Explanations
Explanations
Time Quantities
Opening time The opening time is the interval of time from energizing of the opening release (e.g. opening coil) for a circuit breaker being in closed position and the instant when the (arcing) contacts have separated in all poles. The closing time is the interval of time from energizing of the closing release (e.g. closing coil) for a circuit breaker being in open position and the instant when the (arcing) contacts touch in all poles. The rated (maximum) break time (interrupting time) is the time interval between energizing the trip circuit and when the arc is extinguished in all poles. The break time is expressed in ms or cycles (20 ms = 1 cycle at 50 Hz). In IEC, the break-time is based on the results of the terminal fault test duties with symmetrical current. Compensation is made for single-phase testing and for reduced control voltages. The dead time (during auto-reclosing) is the interval of time between final arc extinction in all poles in the opening operation and the first re-establishment of current in any pole in the subsequent closing operation. IEC and ANSI/IEEE specify a dead time of 300 ms. Interval of time between the instant of the first initiation of an arc and the instant of final arc extinction in all poles. Interval of time between the initiation of current flow in the first pole during a closing operation and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles for three-phase conditions and the instant when the contacts touch in the arcing pole for single-phase conditions. The reclosing time is the interval of time between the energizing of the opening release (e.g. opening coil) and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles during a reclosing cycle. If the differences in operating times (closing and opening time respectively) between poles are small and can be neglected, the following approximative formula can be applied: Reclosing time = Opening time + Arcing time + Dead time + Pre-arcing time The close-open time is the interval of time between the instant of contact touch in the first pole during a closing operation and the instant when the (arcing) contacts have separated in all poles during the following opening operation. The opening release (e.g. opening coil) shall have been energized at the instant when the contacts touch during closing (CO-operation without any intentional time delay; pre-tripped CO-operation). NOTE: The close-open time is not equal to Closing time + Opening time. The open-close time (during auto-reclosing) is the interval of time between the instant of contact separation in all poles and the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole in the subsequent closing operation. If the differences in operating times (closing and opening time respectively) between poles are small and can be neglected, the following approximative formula can be applied: Open-Close time = Arcing time + Dead time + Pre-arcing time Interval of time between energizing the closing circuit, the circuit breaker being in the open position, and the instant when the current begins to flow in the first pole. The make-break time is the interval of time between the initiation of current flow in the first pole during a closing operation an the end of the arcing time during the subsequent opening operation. The make-break time is based on an operation where the opening release (e.g. opening coil) shall have been energized at the instant when the contacts touch during closing (COoperation without any intentional time delay a.k.a pre-tripped CO-operation). If the differences in operating times (closing and opening time respectively) between poles are small and can be neglected, the following approximative formula can be applied: Make-break time = Pre-arcing time + Close-open time + Arcing time
Closing time
Rated break time
Dead time
Arcing time Pre-arcing time
Reclosing time
Close-Open time
Open-Close time
Make time Make-Break time
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Explanations
Time definitions according to IEC

Closed position Contact movement Open position
Current flow
Opening time Arcing time Break time Final arc extinction in all poles Separation arcing contacts in all poles Energizing of opening release Separation arcing contacts in first pole
Opening operation
Time
Closed position Contact movement Open position
Current flow
Make time
Closing operation
Pre-arcing time
Time
Closing time
Contact touch in all poles Start of current flow in first pole Energizing of closing circuit
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Explanations
Explanations
Operation and Control Operating Mechanism - Control Cubicle
Control voltage Control voltage is a DC supply used for the control circuits such as: Close circuit and trip circuits etc. Common rated control voltages: 110, 125, 220 or 240 V DC (Less common rated control voltages: 250, 60 or 48 V DC) The operating mechanism, including the control circuit, is designed for a rated control voltage but must additionally have operational capability throughout a specific voltage range to accommodate variations in supply voltage. The following required voltage ranges are required according to IEC: Minimum voltage (auxiliary equipment): 85% of rated voltage Maximum voltage (auxiliary equipment): 110% of rated voltage Minimum voltage (close circuit): 85% of rated voltage Maximum voltage (close circuit): 110% of rated voltage Minimum voltage (trip circuit): 70% of rated voltage Maximum voltage (trip circuit): 110% of rated voltage Heating voltage / AC Auxiliary voltage AC Auxiliary voltage is an AC single-phase (phase neutral) supply used for Heaters, Socket outlet and Lighting etc. when used. Normal values: 110 - 127 V AC 220 - 254 V AC Motor voltage is a DC supply or an AC single-phase (phase neutral) supply for the spring charging motor. Common rated motor voltages: 110, 125, 220 and 240 V DC 115, 120, 127, 230 and 240 V AC The motor and the motor circuit are designed for a rated voltage but must additionally have operational capability throughout a specific voltage range to accommodate variations in supply voltage. The following required voltage range is required according to IEC: Minimum voltage for motor circuit: 85% of rated voltage Maximum voltage for motor circuit: 110% of rated voltage Closing spring charge motor Motor contactor Limit switch The closing spring charging motor charges the closing spring after every closing operation. Motor contactor is controlled by the limit switch and starts / stops the closing spring charging motor. (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism) The limit switch is monitoring the closing spring charging status. For operating mechanism BLK and FSA it can be of inductive or mechanical type. For operating mechanism BLG only mechanical type. Auxiliary contacts are contacts that show the circuit breaker position. At least one contact is used in each control circuit (trip / close) to control the coil supply. Contacts not used in control circuits, are normally connected to terminals for customer use. Normal total quantities: 12 NO + 12 NC, (9 NO + 9 NC free for customer use) 18 NO + 18 NC, (15 NO + 15 NC free for customer use) FSA is limited to 10 NO + 10 NC, (7 NO + 7 NC free for customer use) Impulse contact Wiping contact A contact that gives an short impulse during contact movement.
Motor voltage
Auxiliary contacts
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Explanations
Operation and Control Operating mechanism - Control Cubicle

NC-contact NC-contact (normally closed contact) is a closed contact when device is not energized or in the drawn situation, according to circuit diagram. Could also be called: Break contact or b-contact. NO-contact (normally open contact) is an open contact in the same situation. Could also be called: Make contact or a-contact. NOC-contact (normally open-closed contact) is a closed contact that opens and an open contact that closes with a common backside when changing position. Could also be called: Change-over contact. Trip / Close switch Local / Remote / Disconnected selector switch The trip / close switch is used for control operations, when the local / remote (/ disconnected) switch is in local position. The local / remote / disconnected selector switch is used to switch between remote operating and local operating (via the open / close switch). It also has a disconnected position where operation is not possible. However a protection trip by-pass can be supplied that makes it possible to trip the circuit breaker remotely even in disconnected position. As an alternative a Local / Remote switch without disconnecting possibility can be provided. Counter Anti-pumping relay MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker The counter is a non-resettable electro-mechanical counter that counts every close operation. (FSA has a mechanical counter) The anti-pumping relay is a device that makes sure that there can be only one closing operation for each closing order. The MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a small automatic breaker that can be manually controlled or automatically tripped due to over-current. The over-current is either thermal (type K) or peak value (type B). 1NO + 1NC auxiliary contacts, that shows MCB position, can be included. The MCB is normally used for AC auxiliary circuit (and motor circuit for operating mechanism type BLK) Direct On Line Motor Starter is a motor protection and manual control unit. This could also be an MCB (thermal controlled type). This unit trips the motor supply when motor overload occurs or when the Direct On Line Motor Starter is manually operated. Close and trip coils in operating mechanisms BLK and BLG have relatively low power consumption, normally 200 W, due to a very good latch design. One close and two trip coils are supplied as standard. Additional close coils can be supplied as option. Also the second trip coil can be of the double type and additional trip circuit can be used. Hand / Motor switch The hand / motor switch disconnects the motor circuit during hand cranking. The hand / motor switch, either manual or automatic, has the following functions: - Motor position; connects the motor-to-motor supply. - Hand position; short-circuit the motor to be used as a generator brake. (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism) Heaters Thermostat Humidity controller Density switch Every operating mechanism has a continuous connected anti-condensation heater of 70 W. In addition to that, one or more controlled heaters are fitted, depending on ambient temperature or humidity. These are controlled by a thermostat, or as an option, a humidity controller (a moisture detector controller). The density switch is a device that measures the gas pressure, ambient temperature compensated, inside the circuit breaker. The density switch includes normally: a scale display, one contact indicating the alarm pressure and two contacts controlling the gas-supervision interlocking relays at the blocking level.
NO-contact
Direct On Line Motor Starter
Operating coils
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Explanations
Explanations
Operation and Control ABB Options
Gas supervision Fail-safe Normally a switch with contacts closing at low gas-pressure is used. A fail-safe option can be supplied where contacts are opening at low gaspressure, so the gas supervision interlocking relays are energized until the blocking occurs. Another option is trip at low SF6-pressure. This option gives a trip order via the gas- supervision interlocking relays at the same time blocking occurs. All type tests, except the mechanical tests, are carried out at this blocking pressure. Panel light can as an option be fitted on the control panel. The panel lamp is automatically switched on when the panel door is opened. Socket outlet can be fitted inside the cubicle. Normal designs are: Schucko Commonly used in Northern Europe (CEE 7/7) Round 2-pole socket with earth-bars on side. CEE 7/4 French/Belgium std. with Round 2-pole plug with inverted earth-pole. Hubbel American standard. Crabtree British standard. GPO Australia TCS Trip Circuit Supervision TCS Trip Circuit Supervision is mainly used to check the connection between the protection trip relay (control room) and the operating mechanism and secondly the trip coil(s) inside the operating mechanism(s). The TCS is a device that can be fitted in parallel with the protection trip relay(s) and sends a low (< 50 mA) testing current through the trip circuit(s). To be able to monitor the trip circuits when the circuit breaker is in open position (when the auxiliary contact in the trip circuit is open), there is a parallel wiring to this contact. There are two normal ways to do this: 1. A resistor in parallel with this contact, with resistance value given by the supplier of the TCS device. 2. A NC-contact of the auxiliary contact in parallel with the original NOcontact. This requires either 2 outputs from the TCS-device or two parallel TCS-devices. An example of TCS device is SPER from ABB ATCF. Resistor values for SPER, according to 1. above: 220 V dc. 33 k 110 V dc. 22 k 60 V dc. 5.6 k 48 V dc. 1.2 k Protective trip The protective trip in the trip circuits is a direct line, by-passing the Local / Remote selector switch. Note! Used only when protective tripping should override the selector switch. Position indicating lamps As an option we can supply green/red-indicating LED-lamps connected to the auxiliary switch for circuit breaker position indication inside the cubicle.
Trip at low SF6
Panel light Socket outlet
B-13
Edition 4, 2008-05
Explanations
Operation and Control ABB Options

Key-interlock Provision for key-interlock is mechanical (and electrical) interlocking device, which interlocks the closing function, with a bracket suitable for installing the following brands: Castell, Kirk and Fortress. (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism) Manual mechanical trip push-button can on request be fitted on the inside or the outside of the operating mechanism. (Only inside for FSA) Note! Mechanical trip overrides SF6-blocking An interlocking device, according to device No. 69 in the ANSI standard, that requires a resetting after each manual tripping before closing of the circuit breaker can be done. (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism) As an option a relay can be fitted to give an alarm when one or more of the errors / events below occurs: 1. Loss of motor voltage. 2. The direct on line motor starter is tripped manually. 3. The direct on line motor starter is tripped due to over-current. 4. An electrical error prevents spring charging. 5. A mechanical error prevents spring charging. The relay can be an auxiliary relay or with a time delay relay depending on alarm delaying possibility in the bay control unit. The alarm delay must be at least as long as the spring charging time, normally 15 s. Voltage supervision The circuits can be equipped with voltage supervision relay(s). This could be a zero-voltage relay (a standard auxiliary relay -not adjustable) or voltage supervision relays (with adjustable setting for voltage and hysteresis). The heating circuit can be equipped with a current supervision relay (with adjustable setting for current and hysteresis) or an indicating lamp in series with the continuously connected heater. Trip circuits can be equipped with capacitor tripping devices. Used to automatically trip the circuit breaker at loss of, or at low operating voltage. The capacitor tripping device is always used together with a voltage supervision relay (adjustable setting for voltage and hysteresis) that controls the tripping voltage level (one capacitor device / trip coil is required). (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism) 0-voltage trip coil The BLK operating mechanism can be equipped with 0-voltage Trip coil. It is used to automatically trip the circuit breaker at loss of, or low operating voltage. The 0-voltage Trip coil is always used together with a voltage supervision relay (adjustable setting for voltage and hysteresis) that controls the tripping voltage level. (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism) Fuses can be fitted in every circuit on request. Normal types: MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker Red spot Fuses (Links) UK 10,3-HESI Fuses (Links) Note! The trip circuits should preferably not include fuses. Phase discrepancy Phase discrepancy (Pole discordance) is a device that could be used on single pole operated circuit breakers, that uses auxiliary contacts to indicate that all phases are in the same position. When the poles are in different positions a time delay starts, and after a pre-set time, a trip order and alarm signal is normally initiated.
Emergency trip, manual trip pushbutton 69-device Spring charge supervision
Heater supervision
Capacitor tripping
Fuses
Edition 4, 2008-05
B-14
Explanations
Seismic Conditions
Seismic stress There are many zones in the world where earthquakes may occur, and where circuit breakers should be designed to withstand the corresponding stresses. When an earthquake occurs, the acceleration and amplitude of the motion of the ground will vary in a statistical manner. The stress conditions are normally most severe in the horizontal direction. The type of soil (sand, clay, rock, etc) has a strong influence on the actual local severity of an earthquake and the damage it may inflict. For technical purposes earthquake stresses are normally defined by the maximum value of the horizontal acceleration. IEC has standardized three values of maximum horizontal acceleration 2, 3, and 5 m/s2, corresponding to 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 g. IEEE, which is more relevant (more severe) has corresponding standardized values, 0.25 g and 0.5 g respectively for moderate and heavy seismic action. Resulting stress on circuit breakers When a HV circuit breaker is subjected to an earthquake, the motion of the ground will induce oscillations in the circuit breaker with corresponding mechanical stress. The mechanical stress will normally be most severe at the lower end of the support column. The circuit breaker will have one or more natural oscillation frequencies, eigenfrequencies, where the predominant one is typically a few Hz. Since the frequency of typical earthquake oscillations is also of the order of a few Hz, the actual stress on the breaker may be is amplified due to mechanical resonance. The degree of amplification depends on the eigenfrequency (natural oscillation frequency) and damping of the circuit breaker, and may be deduced from response spectra, published e.g. by IEC. Earthquake dampers An earthquake damper will increase the damping of the natural oscillation of the circuit breaker. In this way the amplification of earthquake stresses due to resonance is significantly decreased, and the maximum mechanical stress on the circuit breaker significantly reduced. The seismic capability of a circuit breaker may be verified by a direct test, where a complete circuit breaker, or pole, is subjected to simulated earthquake stress on a shaker table. Alternatively, the mechanical stresses can be determined by calculations. The most reliable calculations are based on a snap-back test. In this test a force is applied on the top of the circuit breaker pole. When the force is suddenly released the pole will oscillate and the eigenfrequencies and the damping can be measured.
Verification of seismic capability
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Edition 4, 2008-05
Explanations
Edition 4, 2008-05
B-16
Puffer
Products
Design Features Puffer Interrupters

Closed position Contact Parting Main Arcing Arc Extinction Open position Closing
1 2 3 4
6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Upper current carrier | 2. Stationary arcing contact | 3. Moving arcing contact | 4. Puffer volume | 5. Lower current carrier | 6. Nozzle | 7. Stationary main contact | 8. Moving main contact | 9. Puffer cylinder | 10. Refill valve | 11. Stationary piston In its normal position, the circuit breaker contacts are closed and current is conducted from the upper current carrier to the lower current carrier via the main contacts and the puffer cylinder. On opening, the moving part of the main and arcing contacts, as well as the puffer cylinder and nozzle, are pulled toward the open position. It is important to note that the moving contacts, nozzle and puffer cylinder form one moving assembly. As the moving assembly is drawn toward the open position, the refill valve is forced closed and SF6 gas begins to be compressed between the moving puffer cylinder and the stationary piston. The first contacts to part are the main contacts. Parting the main contacts well before the arcing contacts ensures that any arc drawn will be between the arcing contacts and contained by the nozzle. When the arcing contacts part, an arc is drawn between the moving and stationary arcing contacts. As the arc flows, it to some degree blocks the flow of SF6 gas through the nozzle. Thus, the gas pressure in the puffer volume continues to increase. When the current waveform crosses zero, the arc becomes relatively weak. At this point, the pressurized SF6 gas flows from the puffer volume through the nozzle extinguishing the arc. In the open position, there is sufficient distance between the stationary and moving contacts to withstand rated dielectric levels. On closing, the refill valve opens so that SF6 gas can be drawn into the puffer volume. Note that the SF6 gas pressure required for interruption is built up by mechanical means. Thus, circuit breakers using puffer interrupters require operating mechanisms with sufficient energy to overcome the pressure build up in the puffer volume required to interrupt rated short circuit current while at the same time maintaining the contact speed required to withstand recovery voltage.
C-1
Edition 4, 2008-05
Products
Auto-Puffer
Design Features Auto-PufferTM Interrupters

Closed position Main Contact Parting Arcing Arc Extinction Open position Closing
1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 7
13
1. Upper current carrier | 2. Stationary arcing contact | 3. Moving arcing contact | 4. Auto-Puffer volume | 5. Puffer volume | 6. Refill valve | 7. Stationary piston | 8. Nozzle | 9. Stationary main contact | 10. Moving main contact | 11. Auto-puffer valve | 12. Puffer cylinder | 13. Over-pressure relief valve | 14. Lower current carrier When interrupting high currents (e.g. rated short-circuit current), Auto-Puffer interrupters show the advantage they were designed to provide. At opening, the operation of an AutoPuffer interrupter at high current begins the same way as a puffer interrupter. It is not until after arcing begins that a difference in the operation principle is seen between the high and low current interrupting cases. When the arcing contacts part, an arc is drawn between the moving and stationary arcing contacts. As the arc flows, it to some degree blocks the flow of SF6 gas through the nozzle. The arc drawn is extremely hot and radiates a lot of heat and begins to heat the SF6 gas in the interrupting gas volume. Thus, the pressure inside the Auto-Puffer and puffer volumes increases due to the rise in temperature as well as due to the compression of gas between the puffer cylinder and stationary piston. Gas pressure inside the Auto-Puffer volume continues to increase until it is high enough to force the Auto-Puffer valve to the closed position. All SF6 gas required for interruption is now trapped in the fixed AutoPuffer volume and any further increase in gas pressure in that volume is due solely to heating from the arc. At about the same time, the gas pressure in the puffer volume reaches a level sufficient to push the overpressure relief valve open. Since the gas in the puffer volume escapes through the overpressure valve, there is no need for a high operating energy to overcome the compression of SF6 gas while at the same time maintaining the contact speed necessary to withstand recovery voltage. When the current waveform crosses zero, the arc becomes relatively weak. At this point, the pressurized SF6 gas flows from the AutoPuffer volume through the nozzle extinguishing the arc. At closing, the refill valve opens so that gas can be drawn into the puffer and AutoPuffer volumes.
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C-2
Auto-Puffer
Products
Design Features Auto-PufferTM Interrupters

When interrupting low currents, AutoPuffer interrupters act in much the same way as puffer interrupters. That is, there is not sufficient gas pressure generated to force the Auto-Puffer valve closed. Thus, the fixed Auto-Puffer volume and puffer volume form one large puffer volume. In such a case, the SF6 gas pressure required for interruption is built up by mechanical means as in a puffer interrupter. Unlike a puffer interrupter, however, Auto-Puffers need only mechanically generate sufficient gas pressure to interrupt a portion of the rated short-circuit current (i.e. 20% to 30%) In the open position, there is sufficient distance between the stationary and moving contacts to withstand rated dielectric levels. On closing, the refill valve opens so that SF6 gas can be drawn into the Auto-Puffer and puffer volumes. Because interruption of low currents requires only moderate build up of SF6 gas pressure by mechanical means and since high current interruption uses heating from the arc to generate necessary gas pressure in a fixed volume, Auto-Puffer interrupters require far less operating energy than puffer interrupters (i.e. about 50% less).
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Edition 4, 2008-05
Products
LTB Circuit Breaker Family
LTB Design Features and Advantages

Introduction
ABB:s LTB circuit breaker family, with rated voltage 72 - 800 kV and breaking current up to 50 kA, satisfies the highest demands. It is based on latest developments in dielectric dimensioning and arc physics research. ABB produced the worlds first SF6 circuit breakers with arc-assisted interrupters in the mid-1980s - Auto-Puffer. The Auto-Puffer principle is described in chapter C-1. of directly driving the circuit breaker contacts with high precision and reliability. The number of moving parts in the drive is reduced to only one the rotating motor shaft. The Motor Drive is described in separate chapters in this Buyers Guide. The design of the LTB is a well-proven technology (over 25,000 units are in service).
Design features
LTB is available for single- or three-pole operation. For circuit breakers with one breaking element per pole, both modes of operation are possible. For two- or four-chamber circuit breakers only single-pole operation applies. For three-pole operation, the circuit breaker poles and the operating mechanism are linked together with pull rods. On every pole there is an individual opening spring controlled by the pull rod. There is however one exception. In the LTB D three-pole operation case there is only one opening spring controlling all three poles and it is mounted on the pole furthest away from the operating mechanism Each circuit breaker pole constitutes a sealed SF6 filled unit, which includes the breaking unit, the hollow post insulator and the mechanism housing.
The energy required for interrupting short circuit currents is partly taken from the arc itself, significantly reducing the energy required from the operating mechanism. Lower operating energy inherently reduces mechanical stresses, on the circuit breaker itself as well as on the foundation, and increases circuit breaker reliability. For many years, ABB has used operating mechanisms with energy mechanically stored in springs. This solution offers considerable advantages in that the energy in the tensioned springs is always available. Our spring operating mechanisms BLK, BLG and FSA1 are described in separate chapters in this Buyers Guide. In the year 2001 ABB introduced Motor Drive, a digital servomotor system capable
The three poles of the circuit breaker can be mounted on individual pole supports or in the case of LTB D on a common support frame (pole beam).
Operating mechanism
BLK is used for: LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV singe-pole operation FSA1 is used for: LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV BLG is used for: LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV three-pole operation LTB E 362 - 800 kV single-pole operation Motor Drive is used for: LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV
Edition 4, 2008-05
D-1
Products
LTB Design Features and Advantages

The operational reliability and the service life of an SF6 circuit breaker is very much dependent on the ability to ensure sealing of the SF6 gas volume and to neutralize the effects of moisture and decomposition products in the gas. The risk for gas leakage is negligible; double nitrile rubber O-rings and X-rings are used with excellent result. Each breaking unit is provided with a desiccant, which absorbs the moisture and the decomposition products from the interruption process. Since the interrupting capability is dependent on the density of the SF6 gas, the LTB circuit breaker is provided with a density monitor. The density monitor consists of a temperature compensated pressure switch. Therefore, alarm signal and blocking function are activated only if the pressure drops due to leakage. The design corresponds with the demands in the standards IEC and ANSI. Special design solutions to meet other standards and/or specifications are also available.
Circuit breaker type LTB D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Breaking chamber Support insulator Support structure Operating mechanism type BLK Trip spring with housing Gas tube with protective beam Gas supervision (On opposite side) Drilled holes for connection to ground Pullrod with protective tube Position indicator
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Edition 4, 2008-05
Products
Current switching capability
All LTB circuit breakers are capable of interrupting short-circuit currents in a maximum of 40 ms. For the LTB D with FSA1 the maximum break time is 60 ms. We can also guarantee restrike free interruption of capacitive currents due to optimized contact design and movement. For inductive current switching the overvoltages are low as a result of optimum quenching at current zero.
sion, without the need of extra protection. For use in extreme trying environments LTB can be delivered with a protective painting. The support structure and protective tubes for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped galvanized steel.
Seismic strength
Dielectric strength
LTB has high dielectric strength even at atmospheric SF6 pressure, due to optimized contact gap.
All LTB circuit breakers have a mechanically robust construction due to optimized pole and support structure, designed to withstand seismic accelerations up to 3 m/s2 , (0.3 g) without extra precautions. With reinforced support structure, insulators or earthquake dampers or combinations thereof, the circuit breakers can withstand seismic accelerations considerably higher than 5 m/s2 , (0.5 g). Read more about Seismic Withstand Capability in chapter S-1.
Controlled switching
As option LTB circuit breakers can be used for controlled switching by applying our controlling device type Switchsync. For further information please see chapter Q-1 Controlled Switching.
Stable operating times
Simple erection
For controlled switching it is of the utmost importance that the functional times for closing and tripping operations are constant. We can guarantee 1 ms between consecutive operations for all LTB circuit breakers.
Climatic withstand
Each LTB is pre-tested in our factory and transported to site as a few pre-assembled units. The circuit breakers can easily be installed and put into service in 1-4 days depending on type and size. The operational reliability and the service life of a SF6 circuit breaker is very much dependent on the ability to ensure sealing of the SF6 gas volume and to neutralize the effects of moisture and decomposition products in the gas. However, LTB is designed for a service life of more than 30 years or 10,000 mechanical (no load) operations. For current switching the number of operations before service is dependent on the interrupted current.
The LTB circuit breakers are designed for, and are installed in, widely shifting conditions from polar to desert climate throughout the world. For circuit breakers installed in areas with extreme low temperatures there is a risk of condensation of the SF6 gas. In order to avoid condensation consequences, one of the following gas-mixtures is used: SF6 and N2 SF6 and CF4
Low maintenance requirements
Resistance to corrosion
Condition monitoring
The selected components of aluminum (mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubicles) give a high degree of resistance to corro-
As an option we can offer supervisory control by means of our condition monitoring system. This is described in chapter Monitoring R-1.
Edition 4, 2008-05
D-3
HPL Circuit Breaker Family
Products
HPL Design Features and Advantages

Introduction
ABB:s HPL circuit breaker family with rated voltage 72 - 800 kV and breaking current up to 63 (80) kA, satisfies the highest demands. It is based on latest developments in dielectric dimensioning and arc physics research. HPL 420 - 550 can handle 63 kA without the need of grading capacitors. Each circuit breaker pole constitutes a sealed SF6 filled unit, which includes the breaking unit, the hollow post insulator and the mechanism housing. The operational reliability and the service life of a SF6 circuit breaker is very much dependent on the ability to ensure sealing of the SF6 gas volume and to neutralize the effects of moisture and decomposition products in the gas. The risk for gas leakage is negligible; double nitrile rubber O-rings and X-rings are used with excellent result. Each breaking unit is provided with a desiccant, which absorbs the moisture and the decomposition products from the interruption process. Since the interrupting capability is dependent on the density of the SF6 gas, the HPL circuit breaker pole is provided with a density monitor. The density monitor consists of a temperature compensated pressure switch. Therefore, alarm signal and blocking function are activated only if the pressure drops due to leakage. The HPL circuit breaker is operated by the motor charged spring operating mechanism type BLG which is described in separate chapters in this Buyers Guide. The design of the HPL is a well-proven technology (over 14,500 units are in service) The design corresponds with the demands in the standards IEC and ANSI. Special design solutions to meet other standards and/or specifications are also available.
ABB has produced SF6 circuit breakers with Puffer interrupters since 1981. The Puffer principle is described in chapter C-1.
Current switching capability
Design features
HPL can be single- or three-pole operated. For circuit breakers with one breaking element per pole, both modes of operation are possible. For multi chamber circuit breakers only one-pole operation applies. The three poles of the circuit breaker are mounted on individual pole supports. For three-pole operation, the breaker poles and the operating mechanism are linked together with pull rods. Each circuit breaker pole has its own individual opening spring.
E-1
Edition 4, 2008-05
All HPL circuit breakers are capable of interrupting short-circuit currents in a maximum of 40 ms. We can also guarantee interruption of capacitive currents with very low probability of restrike due to optimized contact design and movement. For inductive current switching the overvoltages are low as a result of optimum quenching at current zero.
Dielectric strength
HPL has high dielectric strength even at atmospheric SF6 pressure, due to optimized contact gap.
Products
Circuit breaker type HPL B2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Breaking chamber Support insulator Support structure Operating mechanism type BLG Trip spring with protective housing Gas supervision (On opposite side) Position indicator
Controlled switching
As option HPL circuit breakers can be used for controlled switching by applying our controlling device type Switchsync. For further information please see chapter Q-1 Controlled Switching.
Stable operating times
For controlled switching it is of the utmost importance that the functional times for closing and tripping operations are constant. We can guarantee 1 ms between consecutive operations for all HPL circuit breakers.
For circuit breakers installed in areas with extreme low temperatures there is a risk of condensation of the SF6 gas. In order to avoid condensation consequences, one of the following gas-mixtures is used: SF6 and N2 SF6 and CF4
Resistance to corrosion
Climatic withstand
The HPL circuit breakers are designed for, and are installed in, widely shifting conditions from polar to desert climate throughout the world.
The selected components of aluminum (mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubicles) give a high degree of resistance to corrosion, without the need of extra protection. For use in extreme trying environments HPL can be delivered with a protective painting. The support structure and protective tubes for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped galvanized steel.
Edition 4, 2008-05
E-2
Products
HPL Design Features and Advantages

Seismic strength
All HPL circuit breakers have a mechanically robust construction due to optimized pole and structure, designed to withstand seismic accelerations up to 3 m/s2, (0.3 g) without extra precautions. With reinforced support structure, insulators or earthquake dampers or combinations thereof, the circuit breakers can withstand seismic accelerations considerably higher than 5 m/s2, (0.5 g) Read more about Seismic Withstand Capability in chapter S-1. The circuit breakers can easily be installed and put into service in 1-4 days depending on type and size.
Low maintenance requirements
Simple erection
The operational reliability and the service life of an SF6 circuit breaker is very much dependent on the ability to ensure sealing of the SF6 gas volume and to neutralize the effects of moisture and decomposition products in the gas. However, HPL is designed for a service life of more than 30 years or 10,000 mechanical (no load) operations. For current switching the number of operations before service is dependent on the interrupted current.
Each HPL is pre-tested in our factory and transported to site as a few pre-assembled units.
As option we can offer supervisory control by means of our condition monitoring system. This is described in chapter Monitoring R-1.
E-3
Edition 4, 2008-05
Products
BLK Operating Mechanism
BLK Design Features and Advantages

Introduction
Demands on the reliability of power transmission networks are increasing continuously. As such, today many customers strongly focus on the reliability and maintenance requirements of system equipment. in high voltage circuit breakers originated in the operating mechanism. Therefore, to achieve highest operational reliability, circuit breakers should be equipped with highly reliable operating mechanisms. In the light of the above, the BLK mo tor charged spring operating mechanism was developed. The BLK spring operating mechanism is designed with a minimum of components. Such a design ensures a high degree of total reliability and minimal need for maintenance for the operating mechanism and, thus, the circuit breaker as a whole. With over 35,000 BLK operating mechanisms delivered, ABB is confident that the design is one of the most reliable on the market.
Applications
BLK spring operating mechanisms are used for the following types of ABB live tank circuit breakers:
LTB D LTB E1 (single-pole operated)

Circuit breakers are the last link in a chain of apparatus that form the protection equipment for a power supply system. Within a few milliseconds an operating mechanism must supply the energy needed to transform the circuit breaker from a perfect conductor to a perfect insulator. A failure in the operating mechanism often means a failure in the total breaking operation. Thus, operating mechanisms play a major role of the reliability of the circuit breaker and, thereby, of the total power supply system. In addition, capacitor bank and reactor switching applications, which impose added requirements on operational endurance, are becoming more common. In an international investigation it was shown that eighty percent (80%) of all failures
Design features
Perhaps the most important feature of the BLK operating mechanism is its operating principle. In the ABB design, the opening spring is part of the circuit breakers link system and placed near the mechanism housing. The closing spring in the operating mechanism generates the required driving force to close the circuit breaker and charge the opening spring. As such, the mechanical energy needed for the vital opening operation is always stored in the opening spring when the circuit breaker is in the closed position. In other words, a closed breaker is always prepared for immediate opening.
Edition 4, 2008-05
F-1
Products
BLK Design Features and Advantages

Immediately after each closing operation, a motor drives the spring charging gear to automatically charge the closing spring. After recharging the closing spring, the circuit breaker is capable of a rapid reclosing with a dead time interval of 0.3 s. Both open and close springs are kept in the charged state by very reliable tripleaction latches. The power unit is characterized by the following robust main components: A spiral closing spring, which drives the operating lever of the circuit breaker. Robust, universal charging motor - Operates only after closing operation - Charges closing springs in 15 seconds Trip and close latches that are identical, fast acting and vibration proof. A damping device to retard the motion of the contact system at the end of an opening operation. A closed, oil-filled worm drive for a minimum of maintenance. The auxiliary equipment is characterized by the following: Robust auxiliary contacts and limit switches. Mechanical indication of charged, partly charged or discharged closing spring. All electrical wiring used for external connections is brought to terminal blocks. Good accessibility through large housing and a hinged control panel. Consistent operating times for all environmental conditions, making the circuit breaker very suitable for controlled switching.
Interlocking against unintentional operation
Interlocking is achieved partly electrically and partly mechanically. Electrical interlocking is achieved by having the circuits of the operation coils connected through the auxiliary contacts of the operating mechanism. In addition, the closing coil is connected through a limit switch that is controlled by the position of the spring drum. In this way the closing circuit is only closed when the breaker is in the open position and the closing springs are fully charged. Based on the above interlocking design, the following operations are not possible when in service: Closing operation when the breaker is already closed (i.e. a blind stroke) Closing operation during an opening operation
BLK housing
Corrosion resistant housing of painted aluminum of 2 mm thickness. Mechanical spring charge indicator - Located on the side of the housing - Visible with housing doors closed Front and back doors equipped with doorstops and provisions for padlock on door handles. Insulated doors and walls for low energy consumption and low noise level.
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Edition 4, 2008-05
Products
Panels
Behind the front door there is a panel that may be equipped differently, depending on customer specific requirements. As a standard, the following equipment is included on the control panel: Casing with instruction manual and final drawings Local open / close switch Local / remote / disconnect selector switch Electro-mechanical operations counter non-resettable MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) for motor- and AC auxiliary circuits There is easy access to relays and contactors, which are placed on the rear side of the hinged control panel. Behind the rear door of the operating mechanism housing there is an interface panel containing all necessary terminal blocks for customer connections. Standard terminal blocks are compression type in which a bare wire is compressed between two metallic plates in the terminal.
Tools
A compartment for tools is located on the backside of the rear door.
Central Control Cubicle (CCC) or Master-slave
For local three-pole operation of a single-pole operated circuit breaker a Central Control Cubicle (CCC) can be used. The CCC can be delivered by ABB or arranged by the customer. As an alternative to the CCC we can also provide a Master-slave solution, which eliminates the need for the CCC. Master-slave means that the function and the components in the CCC have instead been incorporated in one of the three operating mechanisms. This saves time for installation and cabling work. We are open for discussions how to arrange the two alternatives.
Edition 4, 2008-05
F-3
Products
BLK Operating principles

Closed position
In the normal service position of the circuit breaker the contacts are closed and the opening and closing springs are charged. In this position the circuit breaker is always ready to perform an opening operation or a complete autoreclosing O - 0.3s - CO.
Opening operation
To open the circuit breaker, the opening latch (1) is released by the tripping coil, and the opening spring*) (A) of the circuit breaker carries out the operation. The motion of the contact system is retarded by a damping device (2). With a spring operated circuit breaker the opening operation is extremely reliable as the operation is only dependent on the functioning of the opening latch and the opening spring. 1 2
*) The opening spring is illustrated as a clock-type spring. Nowadays helical wounded springs are normally used for tripping operation.
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Edition 4, 2008-05
Products
BLK Operating principles

Closing operation
Releasing of the closing latch (4) means an immediate response to close the circuit breaker. The driver lever (2) brings the eccentric guided closing lever (3) to the closed position. At the same time the opening spring (A) is charged. At the end of the stroke the closing lever (3) connected to the circuit breaker is hooked up by the opening latch (1) in the closed position. Due to the eccentric guided lever (3) the driver lever (2) is declutched and continues to the resting position. A 1 2 3
Charging of the closing spring

The circuit breaker has been closed. The motor circuit is closed by the limit switch (8). The motor (7) starts and charges the closing spring (6) as the main shaft (5) and the driver (2) are hooked up by the closing latch (4). When the closing spring is fully charged the limit switch will open the motor circuit. In case of emergency, the spring can be charged by means of the hand crank enclosed in the cubicle. 7 6 2 5
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F-5
BLG Operating Mechanism
Products
BLG Design Features and Advantages

Introduction
Demands on the reliability of power transmission networks are increasing continuously. As such, today many customers strongly focus on the reliability and maintenance requirements of system equipment. design is one of the most reliable on the market. The design ensures a high degree of total reliability and minimal need for maintenance for the operating mechanism and, thus, the circuit breaker as a whole.
Applications
The BLG spring operating mechanisms are used for the following types of circuit breaker:
HPL B LTB E1 (three-pole operated) LTB E2 LTB E4 Design features

The closing springs in the mechanism generate the required driving force to close the breaker and charge the opening spring. The opening springs are part of the circuit breakers link system and placed underneath the mechanism housing. This means that the mechanical energy needed for the vital opening operation is always stored in the opening spring when the circuit breaker is in closed position. In other words, a closed breaker is always prepared for immediate opening. A universal motor(s) drive(s) the spring charging gear, which automatically charges the closing springs immediately after each closing operation. The springs are kept in the charged state by a latch that is released when the breaker is being closed. This enables rapid reclosing of the breaker after a dead time interval of 0.3 s. The principle of the operating mechanism can be briefly described as follows: an endless chain links a cam disc and a set of springs. The chain, which is in two loops and runs over a motor-driven sprocket, transmits energy when the springs are being charged and drives the cam disc around when the circuit breaker is to be closed. During its rotation the cam disc actuates a link that converts the rotating motion into a linear motion. The trip and closing latches are identical, fast acting and vibration proof.
Circuit breakers are the last link in a chain of apparatus that form the protection equipment for a power supply system. Within a few milliseconds an operating mechanism must supply the energy needed to transform the circuit breaker from a perfect conductor to a perfect insulator. A failure in the operating mechanism often means a failure in the total breaking operation. Thus, operating mechanisms play a major role of the reliability of the circuit breaker and, thereby, of the total power supply system. In addition, capacitor bank and reactor switching applications, which impose added requirements on operational endurance, are becoming more common. In an international investigation it was shown that eighty percent (80%) of all failures in high voltage circuit breakers originated in the operating mechanism. Therefore, to achieve highest operational reliability, circuit breakers should be equipped with highly reliable operating mechanisms. With over 50,000 BLG operating mechanisms delivered, ABB is confident that the
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Products
A damping device is included to retard the motion of the contact system in the end positions. The auxiliary equipment is characterized by the following: Robust auxiliary contacts and limit switches Mechanical indication of charged, partly charged or discharged closing spring. All electrical wiring used for external connections is brought to terminal blocks. Consistent operating times for all environmental conditions which make the circuit breaker suitable for controlled switching.
Local open / close switch Local / remote / disconnect selector switch Electro-mechanical operations counter non-resettable Mechanical spring charge indicator visible through the transparent shutter Behind the rear door of the operating mechanism housing there is an interface panel containing all necessary terminal blocks for customer connections. As a standard, the following equipment is included: Standard terminal blocks of compression type (in which a bare wire is compressed between two metallic plates in the terminal) Interlocking for hand spring charging Control equipment such as relays, MCBs, contactors etc. Auxiliary contacts On the backside of the rear door there is a compartment for documents with instruction manual and final drawings. A hand crank is also attached.
Interlocking is achieved partly electrically and partly mechanically. Electrical interlocking is achieved by having the circuits of the operation coils connected through the auxiliary contacts of the operating mechanism. In addition, the closing coil is connected through a limit switch that is controlled by the position of the spring bridge. In this way the closing circuit is only closed when the breaker is in the open position and the closing springs are fully charged. Based on the above interlocking design, the following operations are not possible when in service: Closing operation when the breaker is already closed (i.e. a blind stroke) Closing operation during an opening operation
BLG housing
Corrosion resistant housing of painted aluminum of 2 mm thickness. Front and back doors equipped with doorstops and provisions for padlock on door handles. Insulated doors and walls for low energy consumption and low noise level.
Central Control Cubicle (CCC)
Panels
Below the front door there is a panel, with a transparent shutter, that may be equipped differently, depending on customer specific requirements. As a standard, the following equipment is included on the control panel:
When the circuit breaker is single-pole operated a Central Control Cubicle (CCC) is used when the circuit breaker is locally three-pole operated. The CCC will be delivered by ABB or arranged by the customer, from case to case. We are open for discussions how to arrange the solution.
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Products
BLG Operating principles

Closed position
In the normal service position of the circuit breaker (B), the contacts are in closed position, with closing- (5) and opening spring (A) charged. The breaker is kept in the closed position by the opening latch (1), which takes up the force from the charged opening spring. The mechanism is now ready to open upon an opening command and can carry out a complete fast auto re-closing (O - 0.3 s - CO) cycle.
Opening operation
When the breaker is being opened, the latch (1) is released by the tripping coil. The opening spring (A) pulls the breaker (B) towards the open position. The operating lever (2) moves to the right and finally rests against the cam disc (3). The motion of the contact system is damped towards the end of the stroke by an oil-filled damping device (4).
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Closing operation
When the breaker is being closed, the closing latch (6) is released by the closing coil. The sprocket (7) is locked to prevent rotation where upon the operating energy in the closing springs is transferred via section (8) of the endless chain to the sprocket (11) belonging to the cam disc (3). The cam disc then pushes the operating lever (2) towards the left where it is locked in its end position by the tripping latch (1). The last part of the rotation of the cam disc is damped by the damping device (9) and a locking latch on the sprocket (11) again takes up the initial position against the closing latch (6).
Charging of the closing springs

The breaker has closed; the motor starts and drives the sprocket (7). The sprocket (11) belonging to the cam disc (3), has its catch locked against the closing latch (6), whereupon the sections of the chain (8) raise the spring bridge (10). The closing springs (5) are thereby charged and the mechanism again takes up its normal operating position.
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FSA1 Operating Mechanism
Products
FSA1 Design Features and Advantages

Introduction
Demands on the reliability of power transmission networks are increasing continuously. As such, today many customers strongly focus on the reliability and maintenance requirements of system equipment. With thousands of FSA operating mechanisms in service, ABB is confident that the design is one of the most reliable on the market. The design ensures a high degree of total reliability and minimal need for maintenance for the operating mechanism and, thus, the circuit breaker as a whole.
Applications
The FSA1 spring operating mechanisms are used for the following types of circuit breaker:
ED LTB D1 Design features

The operating mechanism consists primary of two tension springs. The closing spring generate the required driving force to close the circuit breaker and charge the opening spring. The opening spring is directly connected to the circuit breakers link system. This means that the mechanical energy needed for the vital opening operation is always stored in the opening spring when the circuit breaker is in closed position. In other words, a closed circuit breaker is always prepared for immediate opening. A universal motor drives the spring charging gear, which automatically charges the closing spring immediately after each closing operation. The springs are kept in charged state by a latch that is released when the circuit breaker is being closed. This enables rapid reclosing of the circuit breaker after a dead time interval of 0.3 s. The principle of the operating mechanism can be briefly described as follows: Closing operation: When the circuit breaker is being closed, the closing latch is released from the main shaft and the closing spring trips. This means that the cam disc rotates via the closing lever. The switching shaft is put in motion and the circuit breaker closes, at the same time as
Circuit breakers are the last link in a chain of apparatus that form the protection equipment for a power supply system. Within a few milliseconds an operating mechanism must supply the energy needed to transform the circuit breaker from a perfect conductor to a perfect insulator. A failure in the operating mechanism often means a failure in the total breaking operation. Thus, operating mechanisms play a major role of the reliability of the circuit breaker and, thereby, of the total power supply system. In addition, capacitor bank and reactor switching applications, which impose added requirements on operational endurance, are becoming more common. In an international investigation it was shown that eighty percent (80%) of all failures in high voltage circuit breakers originated in the operating mechanism. Therefore, to achieve highest operational reliability, circuit breakers should be equipped with highly reliable operating mechanisms.
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Products
the trip spring in turn is charged and locked. The motor then charges the closing spring following each closing operation, via the main shaft and worm gear. When the spring is then charged, the circuit is interrupted by the limit switch. Opening operation: When the signal indicating that the circuit breaker shall open is received, the tripping latch device releases from the switching shaft and the trip spring hereby opens the circuit breaker. A damping device is included to retard the motion of the contact system in the end position at opening. The auxiliary equipment is characterized by the following: Robust auxiliary contacts and limit switches Mechanical indication of charged or discharged closing spring. All electrical wiring used for external connections is brought to terminal blocks.
FSA1 housing
Corrosion resistant housing of painted aluminum Front door equipped with doorstops and provisions for padlock on door handles.
Panels
Behind front door (master for single-pole operation SPO) and three-pole operation (TPO) there is a panel that may be equipped differently depending on customer specific requirements. As a standard, the following equipment is included on the control panel: Local open / close switch Local / remote / disconnect selector switch Pole selector switch (only for SPO) MCB for motor MCB for heater Thermostat Mechanical operations counter (Visible through an indication window in the cubicle door.) Mechanical spring charge indicator (Visible through an indication window in the cubicle door.) Relays, limit switches and auxiliary contacts are accessibly behind covers or by removing the casing. Terminal blocks of the SPO version are located behind a cover of the backside of master cubicle. For TPO direct behind the front door. Standard terminal blocks of compression type (in which a bare wire is compressed between two metallic plates in the terminal). On the backside of the front door there is a compartment for documents with instruction manual and final drawings. A hand crank, for manual charging of the springs, is also attached.
Interlocking is achieved partly electrically and partly mechanically. Electrical interlocking is achieved by having the circuits of the operation coils connected through the auxiliary contacts of the operating mechanism. In addition, the closing coil is connected through a limit switch that is controlled by the position of the spring. In this way the closing circuit is only closed when the breaker is in the open position and the closing springs are fully charged. Based on the above interlocking design, the following operations are not possible when in service: Closing operation when the breaker is already closed (i.e. a blind stroke) Closing operation during an opening operation
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Products
FSA1 Design
3 1
7 2 6
Operating mechanism type FSA1

1 Main shaft 2 Closing spring 3 Cam disc 4 Closing lever 5 Switching shaft 6 Trip spring 7 Motor
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9 10 11 12 13 14 4 7 6 17 5 16
8 3
15
Operating mechanism type FSA1

A View from behind B View from the front 1 Main shaft 2 Worm gear 3 Operating mechanisms opening lever 4 Motor 5 Auxiliary contacts 6 Closing spring 7 Hydraulic damper 8 Switching shaft 9 Counter for circuit breaker operations 10 Position indicator 11 Spring charge indicator 12 Manual closing operation lever 13 Closing coil 14 Manual opening operation lever 15 Operating mechanisms closing lever 16 Trip coil 1 and 2 17 Trip spring
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MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism
Products
Motor Drive Design Features and Advantages

A revolutionary concept for the operation of high voltage circuit breakers What is a Motor Drive?
A Motor Drive is a digitally controlled motor directly moving the circuit breaker contacts. ABB has developed a digital controlled servomotor system capable of direct driving circuit breaker contacts with high precision and reliability. The number of moving parts in the drive is reduced to just one the rotating motor shaft.
There is an increasing focus by power network operators to increase their operational returns on invested capital equipment. An important step in this direction is the shift towards condition-based maintenance in conjunction with utilizing a plant that has inherently low maintenance requirements. ABB has concentrated its development on designing high performance, high-voltage equipment that requires minimum of maintenance. The development has consequently focused on systems which predict a fault before it occurs and a warning is sent out. The warning can be used to avoid unplanned service interruptions and maintenance jobs can be carried out according to the planned schedule.
Applications
At present available for:
LTB D (single- and three-pole operated)
Design features
Motor Drive is essentially a digital system. The required operating motions (trip & close) are programmed into a Control unit. On command, the required operations are executed according to the stored contact travel program and the motor is controlled to move the circuit breaker primary contacts accordingly. Energy charging, buffering, release and transmission are essentially electrical and as such the mechanical system is reduced to a minimum of moving parts. The critical parts in the electrical operational chain are multiplied so that a redundant system is achieved. The inherent mechanical simplicity of Motor Drive provides major advantages: Elimination of wearing components Reduction in operating forces Substantial reduction of the noise level during operation Inherent increased reliability by elimination of multiple-interacting mechanical components
LTB Circuit Breaker with ABBs motor operated mechanism Motor Drive.
References
So far approximately 200 LTB D with Motor Drive has been installed in more than twenty countries all over the world. Reference list can be presented on request.
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The Motor Drive platform offers many advantages and new capabilities: Direct, active feedback control of contact motion Flexible permissive logic control of the circuit breaker Dramatic reduction of transients in substation auxiliary supply Increased operational security and improved asset management through advanced on-line monitoring
Control panel
Robust modular design
The Motor Drive is designed for widely shifting conditions from polar to desert climate.
Reliability
A circuit breaker must operate safely and reliably at all times. This is further improved by: Eliminated multiple-interacting mechanical components. Inherent self-monitoring capability. Redundant critical systems. Two independent voltage supplies. Automatic switching to back-up supply.
Behind the front door is a panel that may be equipped differently, depending on customer specific requirements. As a standard, the following equipment is included on the control panel: Casing with instruction manual and final drawings Local open / close control Local / remote / discharge selector control Electro-mechanical operations counter non-resettable Indicators for charged/discharged capacitors Warning and alarm indicators Contact position indicator MCBs for voltage supplies, heaters and socket outlet Behind the rear door of the control cubicle housing there is an cable interface panel containing all necessary terminal blocks for customer connections.
Simple erection
Motor Drive control cubicle
Corrosion resistant housing of painted aluminum. Front and back doors equipped with doorstops and provisions for locking of door handles. Insulated roof, doors and walls.
Installation and commissioning is easy. Each motor drive is pre-tested together with the circuit breaker poles and shipped to installation site in the form of a few preassembled units. No adjustments necessary on site.
During normal operation of the circuit breaker the Motor Drive continuously runs diagnostic algorithms to check both the electrical and mechanical system. In event of problem a warning or fail signal will indicate to the substation control that service is needed. For service purposes the Motor Drive collects and stores a wide array of data that can be retrieved either locally or from the control board or remotely through a modem. With the service software, MD Service installed on a laptop, the status of the circuit breaker can be further investigated; detailed information can also be downloaded and sent to ABB for detailed analysis and failure diagnostics.
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Products
Motor Drive Design Features and Advantages

The silent Circuit Breaker
During operation the control system feeds the motor with precise amount of energy needed to obtain the desired speed of the contacts. This smooth control together with the minimized mechanical system gives very low sound level of the circuit breaker operation. Sound levels of 87 (dBA) has been measured and can be compared to sound levels up to 100 (dBA) that have been registered for circuit breaker with spring drives.
Advantages
Only one moving part, simple and reliable Optimal pre-programmed travel curve Contact travel is compensated against ageing and changes in ambient temperature by the adaptive control system Condition monitoring is inherently possible without need for additional sensors Low power requirement, no transient loads Low mechanical stress and low noise levels Redundant power supply Optical serial communication port for external connection Micro-motion functional test Can be used in combination with Switchsync applications (single-pole operation).
In service diagnostic test Micro-motion
To obtain information about the condition of all the electrical and mechanical components in the system, the main contacts can be moved a short distance without separation. This can be executed automatically at programmed time intervals or by command via the MD Service serial communication interface. The Micro-motion operates under service of the circuit breaker and does not interfere with the normal operation. If a trip command is initiated at the instant when a Micromotion is performed the normal operation will override and an unaffected open operation will be executed.
Contact position Approx. 0.5 mm Closed Contact separation
Open
Time (ms)
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Operating principle
Energy charging
(1) - Charger/Supply unit accepts redundant AC and DC supply inputs and provides internal power supply to Capacitor, I/O and Control Units. Supply load demands are very low (less than 1 A at normal operation) and with very low transient loads.
Energy release & transmission
Energy buffering
(2) - Operating energy for the drive is buffered in a Capacitor Unit. The unit stores and provides the power needed for the motor during operation. The unit is monitored to ensure that operations are only permitted when sufficient energy is available. The unit is dimensioned to accommodate standard IEC and ANSI circuit breaker auto-reclosing demands.
Once an operation command (Trip or Close) is validated through the I/O Unit (3) it passes to the Control Unit (4). Permissive logic control of operating commands is regulated in the Control Unit. The Control Unit contains and executes the programmed travel curve for the circuit breaker. The Control Unit will access the relevant curve program (Trip or Close) and sends internal commands to the Converter Unit (5). Taking DC supply from the Capacitor Unit (2), the Converter Unit will then send digitally controlled AC voltage and current to the Motor Stator (6) to drive the Motor with the required motion. The rotor of the Motor is directly connected to the operating drive shaft of the circuit breaker. The integrated Position Sensor in the Motor continuously monitors the Rotor position. This information is fed directly back to the Control Unit. The Control Unit verifies the measured position, compares it to the position required at that instant by the pre-programmed travel curve. It sends further control signals to the Converter Unit to continue the motion of the breaker. Thus the circuit breaker motion is precisely controlled by the feedback according to the preprogrammed travel curve stored in the Control Unit memory.
Control & signaling
(3) - The I/O unit receives all operating commands to the breaker and provides signaling indication back to the substation control system. The I/O unit contains bistable relays, which replaces the traditional mechanical auxiliary contacts.
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Products
Motor Drive Diagnostics

MD Service
MD Service is a User interface program, which provides data from the Motor Drive to check the status of the circuit breaker. MD Service can also be used to customize the function of the circuit breaker according to the customer needs. For example the Software can be used to: - Set the time intervals of the Micro-motion operations - Configure automatic operations that can be performed in the event of low energy, low gas levels, phase discrepancies and loss off supplies. - Change/upgrade of the drive software The MD Service can also be used to gater and browse documents relevant for the application such as: Schematics, Operation logs and product manuals. In the event of a warning or fail signal from the system the MD Service can be used to analyze the problem, detailed data can also be downloaded and send to ABB for further analyzis and remote failure diagnostic. At installation and commissioning the software is used for local operation and verification of the system function. The MD Service also includes a help function, which describes the different functions more in detail. The following figure is an example of a MD Service view.
Example of MD Service view
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Circuit Breakers type LTB D and LTB E

ABB produced the worlds first SF6 circuit breakers with arc-assisted interrupters in the mid-1980s. The energy required for interrupting short circuit currents is partly taken from the arc itself, significantly reducing the energy required from the operating mechanism. Lower operating energy inherently reduces mechanical stresses and increases circuit breaker reliability. For many years, ABB has used operating mechanisms with energy mechanically stored in springs. This solution offers considerable advantages in that the energy in the tensioned springs is always available. We have also introduced the latest technology for circuit breaker operation Motor Drive
Brief performance data:

Installation Design Outdoor / Indoor SF6 Auto-Puffer interrupter Spring operating mechanisms or Motor Drive SF6 Up to 800 kV Up to 4,000 A Up to 50 kA Up to 50 kA/3 s Composite or porcelain 25 mm/kV, phase phase voltage (Longer on request) -30 to +40 C (Operation in temperatures down to -60 or up to +70 C on request) 1,000 m.a.s.l. (Higher altitudes on request) Single- or Three-pole
Insulation Rated voltage Rated current Breaking current Short-time current Insulators Creepage distance
Service conditions: Ambient temperature
Design altitude
Type of operation
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Material
The selected components of aluminum (mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubicles) give a high degree of resistance to corrosion, without the need of extra protection. For use in extreme trying environments LTB can be delivered with a protective painting. The support structure and protective tubes for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped galvanized steel.
LTB circuit breaker type
Operating mechanism BLK BLG FSA1 X (max 145 kV) X X X X MD X X
LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV three-pole operation LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV single-pole operation LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV three-pole operation LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV single-pole operation LTB E 420 - 800 kV single-pole operation
X X
Insulators
LTB circuit breaker is as standard delivered with insulators that consist of high-grade brown-glazed porcelain or composite insulators (light gray). LTB with light gray porcelain can be delivered on request. LTB is available as standard with long creepage distances. Longer creepage distances can be quoted on request. More information about our composite insulators can be found in chapter P-1.
More detailed information about the operating mechanisms can be found in chapters F-1, G-1, H-1, I-1, L-1, M-1, N-1 and O-1.
Sealing systems for SF6 volume
Mechanical strength
The mechanical durability gives a sufficient safety margin for normal wind loads and static and dynamic forces from conductors.
The sealing system consists of double nitrile rubber O-rings in all static seals and double X-rings in all dynamic seals. This type of sealings has been used in our circuit breakers for more than 30 years with excellent service record at varying climatic conditions. The SF6 gas leakage is less than 0.5% per year. Since the interrupting capability is dependent on the density of the SF6 gas, the LTB circuit breaker is provided with density monitor(s). The density monitor consists of a temperature compensated pressure switch. Therefore, alarm signal and blocking function are activated only if the pressure drops due to leakage. The standard version of LTB D for 72.5 170 kV has one common density monitor for all three poles. Alternatively LTB D can be provided with one density monitor per pole. All LTB E circuit breakers have one density monitor per pole, except LTB E4 which has two density monitors per pole. More information can be found in chapter B-1 Explanations.
Seismic withstand strength
SF6 density monitoring
All LTB circuit breakers can, in their standard versions, withstand seismic accelerations below 3 m/s2 (0.3 g) in accordance with IEC 62271-300, and below 2.5 m/s2 (0.25 g) in accordance with IEEE 693. For higher acceleration see chapter S-1 Seismic Withstand Capability
Rating plates
A rating plate, which includes data for the circuit breaker, is placed on the operating mechanism cubicle. The rating plate is made of stainless steel with engraved text.
Operating mechanism
The circuit breaker is operated by motor charged spring operating mechanism(s), which is installed in a compact splash proof and corrosion resistant housing, attached to the structure.
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Climatic withstand
The LTB circuit breakers are designed for, and are installed in, widely shifting conditions from polar to desert climate throughout the world. For circuit breakers installed in areas with extreme low temperatures there is a risk of condensation of the SF6 gas. In order to avoid condensation consequences, one of the following gas-mixtures is used: SF6 and N2 SF6 and CF4 Circuit breakers with vertically mounted breaking elements have terminals on both sides for connection in either direction. Circuit breakers with horizontal breaking elements have one terminal per breaking element. The terminals are directed upwards.
40 D=14.5(13x) 40 22.25 28.5 44.5
44.5
23 125 40 40
Support structure
Support structures are included in the standard versions of the LTB circuit breakers. The support structures are made of hot-dipped galvanized steel. The standard versions for structures are: LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV One support column per pole, or one common pole beam with two support columns. LTB E One support column per pole for LTB E1 and LTB E2. (Up to 550 kV) Two support columns for LTB 800 E4 For detailed information see Dimensions The support structures are prepared for connection to ground by means of drilled holes on each leg.
Controlled Switching Devices
The goal for controlled switching is to increase power quality in the network systems by reducing switching transients. All LTB circuit breakers are suitable for controlled switching with ABB:s Switchsync device. In order to obtain optimum result the switching instants should be different for the three phases. For three-pole operated circuit breakers this is achieved with mechanically staggered poles. Since 1984 more than 2,300 Switchsync devices have been delivered. For further information see chapter Q-1, Controlled Switching.
High voltage terminals
Example: LTB E2
The LTB circuit breakers are as standard equipped with flat aluminum terminals with thickness 20 mm for LTB D and 28 mm for LTB E. The drilling pattern is in accordance with IEC and NEMA standards. Other dimensions (e.g. DIN) by means of adapters, are available on request.
As option we can offer supervisory control by means of our condition monitoring system. This is described in chapter R-1
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Type tests
The LTB circuit breakers have been type tested in accordance with IEC and/or ANSI standards. Type test reports can be presented on request.
Erection and commissioning
Assembly instructions are provided with each delivery. Erection work at site can be done in 1-4 days depending on LTB type and size. Filling of SF6 gas to specified rated pressure is done by using the following pressurizing equipment, which can be delivered on request: One special control valve, for connection to the gas bottle, and a 20 m gas-filled hose with connectors. A complementary control valve for connection to CF4 or N2 gas bottle (for mixed gas filling). When using above equipment gas filling can be carried out without gas being released into the atmosphere. For illustration of gas filling equipment see page J-6.
Routine tests
All LTB circuit breakers are routine tested before delivery. Our test program complies with IEC and ANSI standards. For detailed information please see special chapter T-1 regarding Quality Control and Testing.
Transport
The LTB circuit breakers are normally packed and transported in seaworthy wooden crates. The circuit breaker poles with one breaking element per pole are transported as complete units. For circuit breakers with two breaking elements per pole, the breaking elements and the support insulators are transported in two separate cases. For detailed information regarding weights and dimensions see Shipping data. Breaking elements as well as support insulators are filled with SF6 gas at a slight overpressure.
Maintenance
LTB is designed for a service life of more than 30 years or 10,000 mechanical operations. For current switching the number of operations before service is dependent on the interrupted current and type of application. Inspection, maintenance and overhaul should be carried out at regular intervals depending on the ambient conditions and the number of operations. The general actions are described below: 1-2 years: Ocular inspection After 15 years or 5,000 mechanical operations: Preventive maintenance including general inspection of the circuit breaker and operating mechanism. Operation test including measurement of operating times and possible adjustments.
Arrival inspection
On arrival the packaging and contents should be checked against packing list. In the event of damage to the goods, contact ABB for advice, before further handling of the goods takes place. Any damage ought to be documented (photographed).
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30 years or 10,000 mechanical operations: A comprehensive inspection is recommended to give increased safety and continued problem-free operation. The inspection methods and scope depend very much on the local conditions. For circuit breakers for special switching duties such as switching of reactor banks overhaul of the breaking chamber should be carried out more frequently.
Overhaul and repair work must be performed by authorized personnel only.
The instructions in the manual for operation and maintenance should be observed. ABB is available for discussions and advice.
Recommended spare parts
High operation frequency (e.g. circuit breakers for reactor or capacitor switching) and/ or large quantities of circuit breakers: Complete poles Complete operating mechanisms Sets of contacts Sets of gaskets Density switches SF6 gas Spare parts for the operating mechanisms BLK and BLG; see chapter L-1 and M-1
SF6 gas
Gas for filling up to rated pressure can be delivered in bottles, each containing 40 kg gas. The quantity required for each type of LTB varies from one circuit breaker type to another. This information is given in the tender. The pressurizing equipment can be delivered on request, and is described under Erection and Commissioning.
Disposal
Brackets and primary connections
As optional equipment, LTB 72.5 - 170 D1/B can be delivered with cantilever support brackets for current transformer IMB, and primary connections between the circuit breaker and the current transformers mounted on the brackets.
The disposal of wasted parts should be carried out in accordance with local legal provisions. The SF6 gas should not be released into the athmosphere when the circuit breaker is disposed. The SF6 gas can be recycled. The porcelain can, after it has been crushed, be used as fill. The metals used in the circuit breaker can be recycled.
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Gas Filling Equipment
SF6
1. Regulator for SF6 gas 2. Plug in nipple 3. Protective rubber sleeve 4. Protective rubber plug 5. Coupling body 6. Deflector cap
7. Relief valve 8. Socket 9. T-union 10. Hydraulic hose 11. Ball plug valve 12. Nipple
13. Cover nut 14. O-ring 15. Nipple 16. O-ring 17. Connection nut 18. Equal union cross
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Technical Data according to ANSI/IEEE

(General data, deviations may occur)
LTB 72.5D1/B LTB 145D1/B LTB 170D1/B LTB 72.5E1 LTB 170E1 LTB 245E1 LTB 420E2 LTB 550E2 2 550 60 860/860/1800 1800 2320 2320 1175 1300 4000 40 1.3 104 3 < 70 18 40 300
Number of breaks per pole Rated voltage Rated frequency Power frequency withstand voltage 1) - To earth (Dry/Wet) - Across open pole (Dry/Wet) Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage - To earth - Across open pole Chopped Wave Impulse Withstand Voltage - To earth (2 s) - Across open pole (2 s) Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage - To earth - Across open pole Rated continuous current Rated s.c current First-pole-to-clear factor Rated closing and latching current Duration of short- time withstand current Closing time Opening time Interrupting time Dead time Rated standard operating duty
1)
1 kV Hz 72.5 60
1 145 60
1 170 60
1 72.5 60
1 170 60
1 245 60
2 362 60
kV kV
160/140 160/140
310/275 310/275
365/315 365/315
160/140 160/140
365/315 365/315
425/350 425/350
555/555/-
kV kV
350 350
650 650
750 750
350 350
750 750
900 900
1300 1300
kV kV
452 452
838 838
968 968
452 452
968 968
1160 1160
1680 1680
kV kV A kA
3000 40 1.5
3000 40 1.5 104 3 < 40 2) 22 2) 40 2) 300
3000 40 1.5 104 3 < 40 2) 22 2) 40 2) 300
4000 40 1.5 104 3 < 55 17 40 300
4000 40 1.5 104 3 < 55 17 40 300
4000 40 1.5 104 3 < 55 17 40 300
825 900 4000 40 1.3 104 3 < 70 18 40 300
kA s ms ms ms ms -
104 3 < 40 2) 22 2) 40 2) 300
O-0.3s-CO-3min-CO or CO-15s-CO
Up to and including 245 kV, power frequency withstand voltage ratings apply for both wet and dry conditions With BLK operating mechanism
2)
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Edition 4, 2008-05
Technical Data according to IEC

LTB 72.5D1/B LTB 145D1/B LTB 170D1/B LTB 72.5E1 LTB 170E1 LTB 245E1 LTB 420E2 LTB 550E2 LTB 800E4 4 800 50 60 830 1150 2100 2100 (+455) 1550/2480 4000 50 1.3 125 3 < 65 20 40 300 40 1.3 125 3 < 70 18 40 300 104
Number of breaks per pole Rated voltage Rated frequency Power frequency withstand level 1)
- To earth and between
1 kV Hz 72.5 50/60
1 145 50/60
1 170 50/60
1 72.5 50 60 50
1 170 60 50
1 245 60 50
2 420 60 50
2 550
phases - Across open pole Lightning Impulse Withstand Level (LIWL)

- To earth and between
kV kV
140 140
275 275
325 325
140 140
325 325
460 460
520 610
620 800
phases - Across open pole Switching Impulse Withstand Level (SIWL)

- To earth / Between
kV kV
325 325
650 650
750 750
325 325
750 750
1050 1050
1425 1425 (+240)
1550 1550 (+315)
phases - Across open pole Rated normal current Rated s.c breaking current First-pole-to-clear factor Making current peak Duration of short circuit Closing time Opening time Break time Dead time Rated operating sequence
1)
kV kV A kA
3150 40 1.5
3150 40 1.5
3150 40 1.5
4000 50 1.5 104 3 < 55 17 40 300 40
4000 50 1.5 125 3 < 55 17 40 300 104 40
4000 50 1.5 125 3 < 55 17 40 300 104 40
1050/1575 1175/1760
900 (+345) 900 (+450) 1175 (+650) 4000 50 1.3 125 3 < 70 18 40 300 104 40 4000 50
kA s ms ms ms ms -
100/104 100/104 100/104 125 3 < 40 2) 22 2) 40 2) 300 3 < 40 2) 22 2) 40 2) 300 3 < 40 2) 22 2) 40 2) 300
Up to and including 245 kV, power frequency withstand voltage ratings apply for both wet and dry conditions With BLK operating mechanism
2)
Edition 4, 2008-05
J-8
Dimensions LTB D
LTB D1/B Two-column stand, Three-pole operation
Rated voltage: 72.5 - 170 kV
Dimensions (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 145 kV 170 kV A 4647 5197 5808 B 1164 1164 1475 C 670 1220 1520 D 3283 3833 4133 E 1050 1750 1750 F 3230 4630 4630
B F E E 267
Available dimensions for phase distances and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 145 kV 170 kV Phase distance 1050* 1500 1500 1750* 1750* 1750* 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500
1750 2503 C A D
*) Standard **) BIL 550 kV
Rated voltage 72.5-170 kV
Height to lowest part of insulator ** 1123 2503* 2945 3528
*) Standard **) Other dimensions can be provided
LTB D1/B Two-column stand, Single-pole operation

B E F E 267
Available dimensions for phase distances and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 145 kV 170 kV
C D A
1500 1500** -
1750* 1750* 1750*
2000 2000 2000
2500 2500 2500
2503 755 783
921 1790
Height to lowest part of insulator *** 1123** 2503* 2945 3528
*) Standard **) Central control cabinet must be mounted separately ***) Other dimensions can be provided
J-9
Edition 4, 2008-05
Dimensions LTB D
LTB D1/B Two-column stand, Single-pole operation (FSA mechanism)
C A D 2140 2000 E F E 267
*) Standard
Phase distance 1500 1750* 1750* 1750* 2000 2000 2000 2500
707 2501 580 574
2500 2500
1162
756
Dimensions between stands. Centre to centre (mm) Rated voltage 72.5-170 kV

)
Height to lowest part of insulator ** 2501* 2946 3529
Phase distance 1500 1750 2000 2500
Stand distance 1500 2000 2530 2530
* Standard **) Other dimensions can be provided
LTB D1/B Two-column stand, Three-pole operation (FSA mechanism)

Rated Voltage: 72.5 - 145 kV
Dimensions (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 145 kV A 4647 5197 B 1164 1164 C 670 1220 D 3280 3830 E 1750 1750 F 4174 4174
F E E 267
C A D 2205 2487 1218 692 2530 563
Available dimensions for phase distances and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 145 kV
* Standard
)
Phase distance 1500 1750* 1750* 2000 2000 2500 2500
300
Dimensions between stands. Centre to centre (mm) Rated voltage 72.5-145 kV Height to lowest part of insulator ** 2501* 2946 3529 Phase distance
1500 1750 2000 2500
Stand distance
2530 2530 2530 2530
Edition 4, 2008-05
J-10
Dimensions LTB D
LTB D1/B Three-column stand, Three-pole operation
F E E 267
Available dimensions for phase distances and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 1050 145 kV 170 kV Phase distance 1500 1500 1750* 2000 1750* 2000 1750* 2000 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000
1750 2503 A
Rated Height to lowest part of insulator ** voltage 72.5-170 kV 800 2503* 2950 3203
LTB D1/B Three-column stand, Single-pole operation

1500 1500** -
1750* 1750* 1750*
2000 2000 2000
2500 2500 2500
3000 3000 3000
Height to lowest part of insulator *** 800** 2503* 2950 3203
*) Standard **) Central control cabinet must be mounted separately ***) Other dimensions can be provided
J-11
Edition 4, 2008-05
Dimensions LTB E
LTB E1 Three-pole operation
Available dimensions for phase distances and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 1100* 170 kV 245 kV
*) Standard
Phase distance 1500 2500 2500* 2500 3000 3000 3000 3500 3500 3500* 4000 4000 4000

*) Standard
Height to lowest part of insulator 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
LTB E1 Single-pole operation

Dimensions (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 170 kV 245 kV A 4790 5400 6703 B 1292 1292 1914
C 655 1265 1955
D 3244 3854 4544
E* 2500 2500 3500
F 6298 6298 8298
*) Recommended phase distances
Available dimensions for phase distances and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 72.5-245 kV
*) Standard
Edition 4, 2008-05
J-12
Dimensions LTB E
LTB 420E2 Single-pole operation
All dimensions in mm
Rated voltage: 362 - 420 kV

Available dimensions of heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 420 kV
*) Standard

Rated voltage: 550 kV
Available dimensions of heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 550 kV
* Standard
)
J-13
Edition 4, 2008-05
Dimensions LTB E
Available dimensions of heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 800 kV Height to lowest part of insulator 3847
10860 10398 2393 1914 795 795
1600 pF
5870
6070
11001 10642
3847 2086
Edition 4, 2008-05
J-14
Typical Shipping Data for Standard LTB D

LTB 72.5D1/B, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker poles Operating mechanism Support structure Total 1 1 1
3
Gross weight kg 1050 345 330

1725
3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1.22 x 1.17 x 1.13 2.42 x 0.60 x 0.44

6.7 m3
LTB 145D1/B, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand

3

1825
3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1.22 x 1.17 x 1.13 2.42 x 0.60 x 0.44

6.7 m3
LTB 170D1/B, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand

3

1945
3.87 x 1.78 x 0.75 1.22 x 1.17 x 1.13 2.42 x 0.60 x 0.44

7.4 m3
LTB 72.5D1/B, Three-pole operated, Pole beam

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker poles Operating mechanism Pole beam Support structure Total 1 1 1 1
4
Gross weight kg 1200 345 115 220

1880
3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1.22 x 1.17 x 1.13 2.60 x 0.46 x 0.46 2.44 x 0.60 x 0.44
7.3 m3
J-15
Edition 4, 2008-05

LTB 145D1/B, Three-pole operated, Pole beam
4

2035
3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1.22 x 1.17 x 1.13 4.00 x 0.46 x 0.46 2.10 x 0.60 x 0.33
7.3 m3
LTB 170D1/B, Three-pole operated, Pole beam

4

2115
3.87 x 1.78 x 0.75 1.22 x 1.17 x 1.13 4.00 x 0.46 x 0.46 2.10 x 0.60 x 0.33
8.1 m3
LTB 72.5D1/B, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker poles Operating mechanism Total 1 1
2
Gross weight kg 1700 950

2650
3.30 x 1.76 x 1.33 2.84 x 1.18 x 1.14

11.6 m3
LTB 145D1/B, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

2
3.30 x 1.76 x 1.33 2.84 x 1.18 x 1.14

11.6 m3
LTB 170D1/B, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

2
Gross weight kg 1850 950

2800
3.89 x 1.76 x 1.33 2.84 x 1.18 x 1.14

12.9 m3
Edition 4, 2008-05
J-16

LTB 72.5 - 170D1/B, Single-pole operated (FSA), Two-column stand
Type Circuit breaker poles Dimension Gross weight Porcelaine / Composite kg 1130 / 710 1250 / 740 1500 / 840 Support structure Dimension Gross weight kg 370 370 370 Pole-beam with operating mechanism Dimension Gross weight kg 1100 1100 1100
m LTB 72.5 D1/B LTB 145 D1/B LTB 170 D1/B 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72 3.90 x 1.78 x 0.72
m 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53
m 4.41 x 1.11 x 2.25 4.41 x 1.11 x 2.25 4.41 x 1.11 x 2.25
LTB 72.5 - 170D1/B, Three-pole operated (FSA), Two-column stand (Four packages per circuit breaker)
Type Circuit breaker poles Dimension Gross weight Porcelaine / Composite kg 1130 / 710 1250 / 740 Support structure Dimension Gross weight kg 370 370 Pole-beam / Operating mechanism Dimension Gross weight kg 150 / 170 150 / 170
m LTB 72.5 D1/B LTB 145 D1/B 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72
m 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53
m
4.09 x 0.57 x 1.0 / 0.77 x 0.55 x 1.26 4.09 x 0.57 x 1.0 / 0.77 x 0.55 x 1.26
J-17
Edition 4, 2008-05
Edition 4, 2008-05
J-18
Typical Shipping Data for Standard LTB E

LTB 72.5 and 170E1, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH 72.5 m LTB 72.5 Breaker poles LTB 170 Breaker poles Operating mechanism Support structure Total LTB 72.5 Total LTB 170 1 1 1 1 3 3 On request 4.54 x 1.90 x 0.97 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36 On request
11.5 m3
Gross weight 170 kg On request 680 280 On request 3600 680 280 4 560
LTB 72.5 and 170E1, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH 72.5 m LTB 72.5 Breaker poles LTB 170 Breaker poles Operating mechanism Support structure Total LTB 72.5 Total LTB 170 1 1 1 1 3 3 On request 4.54 x 1.90 x 0.97 2.84 x 1.18 x 1.14 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36 On request
13.1 m3
Gross weight 170 kg On request 1000 280 On request 3600 950 280 4 830
LTB 245E1 - Three-pole operated

Equipment Number of cases 1 1 1
3
Dimensions LxWxH m 5.90 x 1.90 x 0.97 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36
14.0 m3

4 560
Breaker poles Operating mechanism Support structure Total
LTB 245E1 - Single-pole operated

Equipment Number of cases 1 1 1
3
Dimensions LxWxH m 5.90 x 1.90 x 0.97 2.84 x 1.18 x 1.14 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36
14.7 m3

4 830
Breaker poles Operating mechanism Support structure Total
J-19
Edition 4, 2008-05
Typical Shipping Data for Standard LTB E

LTB 420E2 - Single-pole operated 44 mm/kV, (25 mm/kV phase-phase voltage).
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker units Support column Operating mechanism Support structure (Capacitors if included) Total 1 1 3 1 (1)
6 (7)
Gross weight kg 3600 2400 3 x (680) 480 (1112)

8520 (9632)
5.14 x 1.99 x 1.12 5.22 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.40 (2.33 x 1.21 x 1.03)
28.0 (30.9) m3

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker units Support column Operating mechanism Support structure (Capacitors if included) Total 1 1 3 1 (1)
6 (7)
Gross weight kg 3600 2800 3 x (680) 480 (1112)

8 920 (10 032)
5.14 x 1.99 x 1.12 6.07 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.40 (2.33 x 1.21 x 1.03)
29.5 (32.4) m3

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker units Support column Operating mechanism Support structure Capacitors Total 1 1 3 1 1
7
Gross weight kg 3600 2800 3 x (680) 480 1112

10 032
5.14 x 1.99 x 1.12 6.07 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.40 2.33 x 1.21 x 1.03
32.4 m3
LTB 800E4 - Single-pole operated, (without PIR)

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking units Support column Operating mechanism Support structure Corona rings Corona rings Capacitors Total 2 2 3 6 2 2 2
19
Gross weight kg 2 x (3600) 2 x (3500) 3 x (550) 6 x (420) 2 x (325) 2 x (170) 2 x (1060)

21 805
2 x (5.12 x 1.96 x 1.20) 2 x (7.79 x 1.90 x 0.90) 3 x (1.80 x 0.97 x 1.07) 6 x (3.71 x 0.80 x 0.84) 2 x (2.18 x 1.28 x 1.40) 2 x (1.30 x 1.30 x 1.34) 2 x (2.33 x 1.21 x 1.03)
87.6 m3
Edition 4, 2008-05
J-20
Circuit Breakers type HPL B

Single pressure puffer interrupters fully utilize mechanical energy for both contact movement and generation of SF6 gas flow to cool and interrupt the arc. Deliveries of our pure puffer SF6 interrupter date back to 1970s. ABB refined this technology to produce the worlds highest performance interrupter, the HPL B, providing unmatched switching security under all system conditions from small reactive currents up to 80 kA full short-circuits. For many years, ABB has used operating mechanisms with energy mechanically stored in springs. This solution offers considerable advantages in that the energy in the tensioned springs is always available.
Brief performance data:

Installation Design Outdoor / (Indoor) SF6 Puffer interrupter Spring operating mechanisms SF6 Up to 800 kV Up to 5,000 A Up to 80 kA Up to 63 kA/3 s 80 kA/1 s Composite or porcelain 25 mm/kV, phase phase voltage (Longer on request) -30 to +40 C (Operation in temperatures down to -60 or up to +70 C on request) 1,000 m.a.s.l. (Higher altitudes on request) Single- or Three-pole
Insulation Rated voltage Rated current Breaking current Short-time current Insulators Creepage distance
Design altitude
Type of operation
K-1
Edition 4, 2008-05

Performance
The well proven HPL designs provide unmatched switching performance.The circuit breakers can handle high breaking currents and are dielectrically tested for levels exceeding IEC and ANSI requirements. The HPL has recently been verified, by type tests, to handle 420 and 550 kV without grading capacitors. The bennefit is a reliable circuit breaker with less components and less required maintenance.
Rating plates
A rating plate, which includes data for the circuit breaker, is placed on the side of the operating mechanism cubicle. The rating plate is made of stainless steel with engraved text.
Operating mechanism
Material
The circuit breaker is operated by motor charged spring operating mechanism(s), type BLG, which is installed in a compact splash proof and corrosion resistant housing, attached to the structure. One operating mechanism is used for three-pole operation for HPL 72.5 - 300 kV. Three operating mechanisms are used for single-pole operation for HPL 72.5 - 550 kV. Six operating mechanisms (two per pole) for single-pole operation for HPL 800 kV. More detailed information about the operating mechanism type BLG can be found in chapters G-1 and M-1 in this Buyers Guide.
The selected components of aluminum (mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubicles) give a high degree of resistance to corrosion, without the need of extra protection. For use in extreme trying environments HPL can be delivered with a protective painting. The support structure and protective tubes for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped galvanized steel.
Insulators
HPL circuit breaker is as standard delivered with insulators that consist of high-grade brown-glazed porcelain or composite insulators (light gray). HPL with light gray porcelain can be delivered on request. HPL is available as standard with long or extra long creepage distances. Longer creepage distances can be quoted on request. More information about our composite insulators can be found in chapter P-1.
Sealing systems for SF6 volume
The sealing system consists of double nitrile rubber O-rings in all static seals and double X-rings in all dynamic seals. This type of sealings has been used in our circuit breakers for more than 30 years with excellent service record at varying climatic conditions. The SF6 gas leakage is less than 0.5% per year. Since the interrupting capability is dependent on the density of the SF6 gas, the HPL circuit breaker is provided with density monitor(s). The density monitor consists of a temperature compensated pressure switch. Therefore, alarm signal and blocking function are activated only if the pressure drops due to leakage. All HPL circuit breakers have one density monitor per pole. More information can be found in chapter B-1 Explanations
SF6 density monitoring
Mechanical strength
The mechanical durability gives a sufficient safety margin for normal wind loads and static and dynamic forces from conductors.
Seismic withstand strength
All HPL circuit breakers can, in their standard versions, withstand seismic accelerations below 3 m/s2 (0.3 g) in accordance with IEC 62271-300, and below 2.5 m/s2 (0.25 g) in accordance with IEEE 693. For higher acceleration see chapter S-1 Seismic Withstand Capability.
Edition 4, 2008-05
K-2

Climatic withstand
The HPL circuit breakers are designed for, and are installed in, widely shifting conditions from polar to desert climate throughout the world. For circuit breakers installed in areas with extreme low temperatures there is a risk of condensation of the SF6 gas. In order to avoid condensation consequences, one of the following gas-mixtures is used: SF6 and N2 SF6 and CF4 Circuit breakers with vertically mounted breaking elements have terminals on both sides for connection in either direction. Circuit breakers with horizontal breaking elements have one terminal per breaking element. The terminals are directed upwards.
Preinsertion Resistors (PIR)
HPL circuit breakers with more than one breaking element per pole can be provided with preinsertion resistors for switching of no-load lines.
Support structure
Controlled switching devices
Support structures are included in the standard versions of the HPL circuit breakers. The support structure(s) is made of hotdipped galvanized steel. Up to 550 kV the HPL circuit breakers are mounted on one support column per pole. For HPL 800 kV two support columns per pole are necessary. For detailed information see Dimensions The support structures are prepared for connection to ground by means of drilled holes on each leg.
The goal for controlled switching is to increase power quality in the network systems by reducing switching transients. All HPL circuit breakers are suitable for controlled switching with ABB:s Switchsync device. In order to obtain optimum result the switching instants should be different for the three phases. For three-pole operated circuit breakers this achieved with mechanically staggered poles. Since 1984 more than 2,300 Switchsync devices have been delivered. For further information see chapter Q-1, Controlled Switching.
High voltage terminals
The HPL circuit breakers are as standard equipped with flat aluminum terminals with thickness 28 mm and drilling pattern in accordance with IEC and NEMA standards. Other dimensions (e.g. DIN) by means of adapters are available on request.
40 D=14.5(13x) 40 22.25 28.5 44.5
As an option we can offer supervisory control by means of our condition monitoring system. This is described in chapter R-1
44.5
23 125 40 40
K-3
Edition 4, 2008-05

Type tests
The HPL circuit breakers have been type tested in accordance with IEC and/or ANSI standards. Type test reports can be presented on request.
Erection and commissioning
Assembly instructions are provided with each delivery. Erection work at site can be done in 1-7 days depending on HPL type and size. Filling of SF6 gas to specified rated pressure is done by using the following pressurizing equipment, which can be delivered on request: One special control valve, for connection to the gas bottle, and a 20 m gas-filled hose with connectors. A complementary control valve for connection to CF4 or N2 gas bottle (for mixed gas filling). When using the above gas equipment, filling can be done without gas being released into the atmosphere. For illustration of gas filling equipment see page J-6.
Routine tests
All HPL circuit breakers are routine tested before delivery. Our test program complies with IEC and ANSI standards. For detailed information please see special chapter T-1 regarding Quality Control and Testing.
Transport
The HPL circuit breakers are normally packed and transported in seaworthy wooden crates. The circuit breaker poles with one breaking element per pole are transported as complete units. For circuit breakers with two or more breaking elements per pole, the number of cases depends on the circuit breaker type. For detailed information regarding weights and dimensions see Shipping data. Breaking elements as well as support insulators are filled with SF6 gas at a slight overpressure.
Maintenance
Arrival inspection
On arrival the packaging and contents should be checked against packing list. In the event of damage to the goods, contact ABB for advice, before further handling of the goods takes place. Any damage ought to be documented (photographed).
HPL is designed for a service life of more than 30 years or 10,000 mechanical (no load) operations. For current switching the number of operations before service is dependent on the interrupted current. Inspection, maintenance and overhaul should be carried out at regular intervals depending on the ambient conditions and the number of operations. The general actions are described below: 1-2 years: Ocular inspection After 15 years or 5,000 mechanical operations: Preventive maintenance including general inspection of the circuit breaker and operating mechanism. Operation test including measurement of operating times and possible adjustments.
Edition 4, 2008-05
K-4

30 years or 10,000 mechanical operations: A comprehensive inspection is recommended to give increased safety and continued problem-free operation. The inspection methods and scope depend very much on the local conditions. For circuit breakers for special switching duties such as switching of reactor banks overhaul of the breaking chamber should be carried out more frequently.
SF6 gas
Gas for filling up to rated pressure can be delivered in bottles, each containing 40 kg gas. The quantity required for each type of HPL varies from one circuit breaker type to another. This information is given in the tender. The pressurizing equipment can be delivered on request, and is described under Erection and Commissioning.
Brackets and primary connections

As optional equipment, HPL 72.5 - 170B1 can be delivered with cantilever support brackets for current transformer IMB, and primary connections between the circuit breaker and the current transformers mounted on the brackets.
The instructions in the manual for operation and maintenance should be observed. ABB is available for discussions and advice.
Disposal
Recommended spare parts
High operation frequency (e.g. circuit breakers for reactor or capacitor switching) and/or large quantities of circuit breakers: Complete poles Complete operating mechanisms Sets of contacts Sets of gaskets Density switches SF6 gas Spare parts for the operating mechanisms BLG; see chapter M-1
The disposal of wasted parts should be carried out in accordance with local legal provisions. The SF6 gas should not be released into the athmosphere when the circuit breaker is scrapped. The SF6 gas can be recycled. The porcelain can, after it has been crushed, be used as fill. The metals used in the circuit breaker can be recycled.
K-5
Edition 4, 2008-05
Edition 4, 2008-05
K-6
Technical Data according to ANSI/IEEE

HPL 72.5B1 HPL 170B1 HPL 245B1 HPL 420B2 HPL 550B2 HPL 800B4 4 800 50/60 960/960/2050 2050 2640 2640 1425 1550 4000 63 2) 1.3 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
Number of breaks per pole Rated voltage Rated frequency Power frequency withstand level 1) - To earth (Dry/Wet) - Across open pole (Dry/Wet) Lightning Impulse Withstand Level (LIWL) -To earth - Across open pole Chopped Wave Impulse Withstand Voltage - To earth (2s) - Across open pole (2 s) Switching Impulse Withstand Level (SIWL) -To earth - Across open pole Rated normal current Rated s.c breaking current First-pole-to-clear factor Making current peak Duration of short circuit Closing time Opening time Break time Dead time Rated operating sequence
1) 2)
1 kV Hz 72.5 50/60
1 170 50/60
1 245 50/60
2 362 50/60
2 550 50/60
kV kV
160/140 160/140
365/315 365/315
425/350 425/350
555/555/-
860/860/-
kV kV
350 350
750 750
900 900
1300 1300
1800 1800
kV kV
452 452
968 968
1160 1160
1680 1680
2320 2320
kV kV A kA
4000 63 2) 1.5
4000 63 2) 1.5 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
4000 63 2) 1.5 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
825 900 4000 63 2) 1.3 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
1175 1300 4000 63 2) 1.3 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
kA s ms ms ms ms -
158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
Up to and including 245 kV, power frequency withstand voltage ratings apply for both wet and dry conditions Short-circuit current ratings up to 80 kA available on request
K-7
Edition 4, 2008-05
Technical Data according to IEC

HPL 72.5B1 HPL 170B1 HPL 245B1 HPL 300B1 HPL 420B2 HPL 550B2 HPL 800B4 4 800 50/60 830 1150 2100 2100 (+455) 1550/2480 1175 (+650) 4000 63 2) 1.3 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
Number of breaks per pole Rated voltage Rated frequency Power frequency withstand level 1) - To earth and between phases - Across open pole Lightning Impulse Withstand Level (LIWL) -To earth and between phases - Across open pole Switching Impulse Withstand Level (SIWL) -To earth/Between phases - Across open pole Rated normal current Rated s.c breaking current First-pole-to-clear factor Making current peak Duration of short circuit Closing time Opening time Break time Dead time Rated operating sequence
1) 2)
1 kV Hz 72.5 50/60
1 170 50/60
1 245 50/60
1 300 50/60
2 420 50/60
2 550 50/60
kV kV
140 140
325 325
460 460
380 435
520 610
620 800
kV kV
325 325
750 750
1050 1050
1050 1050 (+170)
1425 1425 (+240)
1550 1550 (+315)
kV kV A kA
4000 63 2) 1.5
4000 63 2) 1.5 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
4000 63 2) 1.5 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
850/1275 700 (+245) 4000 63 2) 1.3 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
1050/1575 900 (+345) 4000 63 2) 1.3 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
1175/1760 900 (+450) 4000 63 2) 1.3 158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
kA s ms ms ms ms -
158/164 3 <65 <22 33 300
Up to and including 245 kV, power frequency withstand voltage ratings apply for both wet and dry conditions Short-circuit current ratings up to 80 kA available on request
Edition 4, 2008-05
K-8
Dimensions HPL B
HPL B1 Three-pole operation
Dimensions (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 170 kV 245 kV 300 kV A 5213 6063 6703 7163 B 1724 1724 1914 2124 C 655 1505 1955 2205 D 3270 4120 4570 4820 E 1100 2500 3500 3500 F 3600 6400 8400 8400
*) Standard
Phase distance 1100* 1500 2500 2500* 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3500 3500 3500* 3500* 4000 4000 4000 4000
300 kV
*) Standard
HPL B1 Single-pole operation

Dimensions (mm) Rated voltage 72.5 kV 170 kV 245 kV 300 kV A 5213 6063 6703 7163 B 1724 1724 1914 2124

F
C 655 1505 1955 2205 D 3270 4120 4570 4820 E* 2500 2500 3500 3500 F 6400 6400 8400 8400
420
*) Recommended phase distances
A
Available dimensions (mm) Rated voltage 72.5-300 kV
*) Standard
C D
2508 752
K-9
Edition 4, 2008-05
Dimensions HPL B
HPL 420B2 Single-pole operation
Rated voltage: 362 - 420 kV

Available dimensions for heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 420 kV
*) Standard

Rated voltage: 550 kV (Without grading capacitors)

5288 1914 680
Available dimensions for heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 550 kV
*) Standard
8043 7571
4135
2366 752
2508
Edition 4, 2008-05
K-10
Dimensions HPL B
Available dimensions for heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) Rated voltage 800 kV Height to lowest part of insulator 3847
10100 1724
795 795
11001
5870
10642
3847 2086
K-11
Edition 4, 2008-05
Typical Shipping Data for Standard HPL B

HPL 72.5B1, Three-pole operated and Single-pole operated
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker poles Operating mechanism Three-pole operated Operating mechanism Single-pole operated Support structure Total Three-pole operated Total Single-pole operated 1 1 3 1
3 5
Gross weight kg 2800 680 (3) x 680 280

3 760 5 120
4.38 x 1.90 x 0.90 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 (3) x 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36
10.7 m3 15.1 m3
HPL 170B1, Three-pole operated and Single-pole operated

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaker Poles Operating mechanism Three-pole operated Operating mechanism Single-pole operated Support structure Total Three-pole operated Total Single-pole operated 1 1 3 1
3 5
Gross weight kg 2980 680 3 x (680) 280

3 940 5 300
5.23 x 1.90 x 0.90 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36
12.1 m3 16.5 m3

3 5
Gross weight kg 3320 680 3 x (680) 280

4 280 5 640
5.92 x 1.90 x 0.97 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36
14.1 m3 18.5 m3
Edition 4, 2008-05
K-12

3 5
Gross weight kg 4300 680 3 x (680) 280

5 260 6 620
6.38 x 1.90 x 0.97 1.89 x 1.05 x 0.97 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36
15 m3 19 m3
HPL 362-420B2, Single-pole operated, 44 mm/kV, (25 mm/kV phase-phase voltage).

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements Support column Operating mechanism Support structure (Capacitors if included) Total 1 1 3 1 (1)
6 (7)
Gross weight kg 3500 2400 3 x (680) 480 (840)

8 420 (9 260)
4.72 x 1.99 x 1.20 5.22 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 0.97 x 1.07) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.38 (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91)
41 (43) m3
HPL 362-420TB2, Single-pole operated, 44 mm/kV, (25 mm/kV phase-phase voltage). (With PIR)
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements incl. PIR Support column Operating mechanism Support structure (Capacitors if included) Total PIR = PreInsertion Resistors 3 1 3 1 (1)
8 (9)
Gross weight kg 3 x (2150) 2400 3 x (680) 480 (840)

11 370 (12 210)
3 x (4.74 x 1.85 x 1.22) 5.22 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.38 (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91)
49 (51) m3
K-13
Edition 4, 2008-05
HPL 362-420B2, Single-pole operated, 55 mm/kV, (31 mm/kV phase-phase voltage). (Without PIR)
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements Support column Operating mechanism Support structure (Capacitors if included) Total 1 1 3 1 (1) 6 (7) 4.72 x 1.99 x 1.20 6.07 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.38 (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91) 28.3 (31.2) m3 Gross weight kg 3500 2800 3 x (680) 480 (840) 8 820 (9 660)
HPL 362-420TB2, Single-pole operated, 55 mm/kV, (31 mm/kV phase-phase voltage). (With PIR)
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements incl. PIR Support column Operating mechanism Support structure (Capacitors if included) Total 3 1 3 1 (1)
8 (9)
Gross weight kg 3 x (2600) 2800 3 x (680) 480 (840)

13 120 (13 960)
3 x (5.28 x 1.85 x 1.22) 6.07 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.38 (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91)
48.5 (51.4) m3
HPL 550B2, Single-pole operated. (Without PIR)

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements Support column Operating mechanism Support structure (Capacitors if included) (Corona rings if included) Total 1 1 3 1 (1) (1)
6 (8)
Gross weight kg 3600 2800 3 x (680) 480 (1192) (320)

8 920 (10 432)
5.14 x 1.99 x 1.12 6.07 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.38 (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91) (2.6 x 1.33 x 1.22)
29.5 (35.9) m3
Edition 4, 2008-05
K-14

HPL 550TB2, Single-pole operated. (With PIR)
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements incl. PIR Support column Operating mechanism Support structure Capacitors Total 3 1 3 1 1
9
Gross weight kg 3 x (2600) 2800 3 x (680) 480 1192

14 312
3 x (5.28 x 1.85 x 1.22) 6.07 x 1.90 x 0.90 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 2.40 x 1.10 x 0.38 2.36 x 1.29 x 1.12
57.2 m3
HPL 800B4, Single-pole operated. (Without PIR)

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements Support column Operating mechanism Support structure Corona rings Corona rings Capacitors Total 2 2 6 3 2 2 2
19
Gross weight kg 2 x (3500) 2 x (3500) 6 x (680) 3 x (420) 2 x (230) 2 x (130) 2 x (840)

21 740
2 x (4.72 x 1.99 x 1.20) 2 x (7.81 x 1.90 x 0.90) 6 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 3 x (4.65 x 2.10 x 1.05) 2 x (2.18 x 1.28 x 1.40) 2 x (1.21 x 1.21 x 1.13) 2 x (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91
108.8 m3
HPL 800TB4, Single-pole operated. (With PIR)

Equipment Number of cases Dimensions LxWxH m Breaking elements incl. PIR Support column Operating mechanism Support structure Corona rings Capacitors Total 6 2 6 3 2 2
21
Gross weight kg 6 x (2150) 2 x (3500) 6 x (680) 3 x (420) 2 x (230) 2 x (840)

27 380
6 x (4.74 x 1.85 x 1.22) 2 x (7.81 x 1.90 x 0.90) 6 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 3 x (4.65 x 2.10 x 1.05) 2 x (2.18 x 1.28 x 1.40) 2 x (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91
147.16 m3
K-15
Edition 4, 2008-05
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLK

BLK is characterized by a well-proven technology (more than 35,000 units are in service). This proven technology is efficiently combined with modern manufacturing methods and a low number of mechanical components. This ensures a high degree of total reliability for the circuit breaker and a minimal need of maintenance. Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations. BLK is designed for widely shifting conditions, from polar to desert climate.
Brief performance data

Installation Design For circuit breaker Outdoor Spring operated LTB D1 LTB E1 (Single-pole operated) -55 C to +40 C (Other on request)
Edition 4, 2008-05
L-1
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLK

Material
The housing is made of corrosion resistant, painted aluminum. Front and back doors are equipped with doorstops and pad lock provisions on door handles. The doors and walls are insulated for low heat energy consumption and low noise level.
Storage
The operating mechanism shall preferably be stored indoors in a dry building. When stored outdoors the internal heater should be used to prevent condensation.
Tools
Special tools for assembling and service are placed on the inner side of the rear door.
Rating plates
A rating plate, which includes data for the circuit breaker, is placed on the front door. The rating plate is made of stainless steel with engraved text.
Maintenance
Instructions
With each delivery of circuit breakers, there is an extensive product manual that will guide the user how to assemble and handle the apparatus during its lifetime. Instructions, product manual, circuit diagram and other documents are placed in a compartment inside the front door of the operating mechanism.
The maintenance requirements are small, as BLK is designed for a service life of more than 30 years. Normally it is sufficient with ocular inspection every 1-2 years and some lubrication after 15 years or 5,000 operations. A more detailed check is recommended after 30 years of service or 10,000 operations.
Transport
The instructions in the manual for operation and maintenance should be observed. This ensures a continued problem-free operation.
BLK for single- and three-pole operation is normally packed and transported in a separate seaworthy wooden crate.
Disposal
Arrival inspection - unpacking
The disposal should be carried out in accordance with local legal provisions. The operating mechanism is easy to dismantle and the metal parts can be recycled.
Please check the contents and packaging with regard to transport damage immediately on arrival. In the event of any material missing or damage to the goods, contact ABB for advice, before further handling of the goods takes place. Any damage should be documented (photographed). The operating mechanism must be lifted using the lifting eyes on top of the cabinet. Slings must not be placed around the cabinet when lifting. All packing material can be recycled.
L-2
Edition 4, 2008-05
Electrical Functions
The principle function of the mechanisms electrical components is shown in the elementary diagram on next page.
Heater circuits
Closing circuit
The closing coil (Y3) can be activated electrically by means of local or remote control. When the circuit breaker is in closed position, the closing circuit is interrupted by the auxiliary contact (BG).
The operating mechanism is provided with an anti-condensation heater. To ensure reliable operation at low temperatures the mechanism is provided with a thermostat-controlled heater unit (BT1, E2). Alternatively, in climatic conditions with high humidity, the mechanism can be provided with moisture detector.
Tripping circuits
Terminal blocks
The mechanism is provided with two independent trip coils (Y1 and Y2). The mechanism can be operated electrically through local or remote control. With the circuit breaker in the open position, the tripping circuits are interrupted by the auxiliary contact (BG).
The terminal blocks are the users interface to the control circuits and connect the internal wiring. Standard terminal blocks are compression type in which a bare wire end is compressed between two metallic plates in the terminal. Circuits for supply to motor and AC auxiliaries are normally connected to 6 mm2 through-terminals. (Entrelec M6/8) The signal circuits are connected to 4 mm2 through-terminals. (Entrelec M4/6) As options the 6 mm2 terminals can be of the disconnectable type. (Entrelec M6/8.STA) All terminals can be protected with a transparent cover.
Interlocks
The contact on the density switch (BD) actuates the auxiliary relays (K9, K10), which block the operating impulse if the density of the SF6 gas is too low. The antipumping relay (K3) blocks any remaining closing impulse after the breaker has completed a closing operation. The density of the SF6 gas and condition of the operating mechanism is monitored electrically, given the following (remote) indications: Topping up of SF6 gas is recommended (alarm level) Density of the SF6 gas is too low (blocking level) Indication of charged spring
Internal wiring
The cabling in the operating mechanism is normally carried out with PVC-insulated cables. Dimensions are 1.5 mm2 for control and auxiliary circuits and 2.5 mm2 for motor circuits. As an option flameproof, halogen free cable can be provided.
Edition 4, 2008-05
L-3
Electrical functions
Control circuits BD BG BT1 BW E E1 E2 F1 F1.A-C F2 K3 K9, K10 K11
Signal contact of density switch Auxiliary contact Thermostat Limit switch Heater Heater Heater Direct-on-line motor starter (MCB) Direct-on-line motorstarter (MCB) Miniature circuit breaker, AC auxiliary circuit Anti-pumping relay Interlocking relay, trip Interlocking relay, close X X X X X X X X X X X
BLK
X X X X
CCC
Control circuits K12 K13 M Q1

Auxiliary relay (spring uncharged) Auxiliary relay (spring charged) Motor Contactor Contactor Control switch (trip/close) Selector switch (pole select) Selector switch (local/remote/disconn.) Tripping coil Closing coil Blocking contact (Hand crank adapted) Signal relay, low gas
BLK
X X X X
CCC
Q1.A-C S1 S3 S4 Y1, Y2 Y3 Y7 K25
X X X X X X X X X X
NOTE! CCC = Central Control Cubicle is only applicable on single-pole operated circuit breakers.
CLOSE TRIP 1 TRIP 2
S1 S4 BD K3 K3 K9 K13 BG Y3 BG Y1 BG Y7 Q1 BG Y2 K10 BG K12

BW2 BW1
BD
SIGNALS
MOTOR
HEATER
Circuit diagram shows operating mechanism when circuit breaker is in normal service condition, i.e. pressurized, closing spring charged, in closed position, in motor charging position, and with selector switch in remote position.
-/N BD K9 K10 F1 S4 S1 Q1
M
+/L F2
BT1
BG
K12 K13 K25
E1
E2
Y7
N = Neutral L = Live
BLK Circuit Diagram

L-4
CONTROL CIRCUITS
SIGNALS
MOTOR N = Neutral L = Live Fine line shows Central Control Cubicle
HEATER
Circuit diagram shows three operating mechanisms BLK with one control cubicle.
Edition 4, 2008-05
L-5
Technical Data
Motor
Universal motor*) for 110 - 125 or 220 - 250V, AC or DC
Rated voltage Starting current peak value (max) Normal Current at DC (approximately)
V 110 220
A 60 ** 30 **
A 16 8
*) Please note that the motor contactor is either AC or DC type. **) Depending on power source.
Power consumption (approximately) Spring charging time
900W 15 s
Operating coils
Operating coils Rated voltage V (DC) Closing Tripping 110 - 125 220 - 250 110 - 125 220 - 250 Power consumption (approximately) W 200 200
Auxiliary contacts
Rated voltage Rated current Making current Breaking current DC L/R = 40 ms V 110 220 A 25 25 A 20 10 A 4 2 AC Cos = 0.95 A 25 25
The operating mechanism normally includes 8 NO and 8 NC spare auxiliary contacts.
Heating elements
Rated voltage Power consumption Continuously connected BLK V 110 - 127 220 - 254 W 70 70 CCC W 140 140 Thermostatically controlled BLK/CCC W 140 140
The voltage range for motor, control and auxiliaries fulfills the requirements according to IEC and ANSI C37 standards. Other ratings for motor, coils, auxiliary contacts and heating elements can be provided.
L-6
Edition 4, 2008-05
Design Data
BLK Dimensions (mm) Weight (kg) Material of housing Thickness (mm) Color Temperature range (C) Degree of protection Terminal blocks Cable entry flange (mm) Earthing clamp Internal cable 640 x 770 x 880 205 Aluminium 2 Grey, RAL 7032 -55 to +40 As per IEC 60529: IP55 Supply, control, motor and AC circuits through 6 mm2 block. Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block Size FL 33: 102 x 306 For conductors with maximum 13 mm diameter 1.5 mm2 PVC insulated cable CCC 850 x 1015 x 497 195
Fig. 1. BLK
Front View
Lifting Beams
Fig. 2. Earthing Clamp
Spring Indication
Fig. 3. Cable Entry Flange (FL 33)
See fig. 2
Counter
Bottom View
See fig. 2
Lifting Beams See fig. 3
Edition 4, 2008-05
L-7
Design Data
Optional equipment
Manual mechanical trip push-button - Inside or outside cubicle Additional auxiliary contacts - 6 NO + 6 NC Trip circuit supervision Internal light with door switch Socket outlet Position indicating lights Extra heater with MCB - Moisture detector control Provision for key interlock (Castell, Fortress or Kirk) Extra closing coil Lockable operating switches Protective cover for terminal block Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations. Before delivery each operating mechanism together with the corresponding circuit breaker has to pass routine tests according to current standards. For each circuit breaker together with its operating mechanism a routine test report is issued showing the actual test result.
Recommended spare parts for BLK
Tests
The BLK mechanism has together with the corresponding circuit breaker, passed type tests in accordance with applicable IEC and ANSI standards.
Applicable for circuit breakers for frequent switching duty, e.g. switching capacitor- or reactor-banks. Catchgear with closing coil (or separate coil) Catchgear with tripping coils (or separate coil) Heater Motor contactor Auxiliary relays
L-8
Edition 4, 2008-05
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLG

The design of BLG is a well-proven technology (Over 50,000 units are in service). This proven technology is efficiently combined with modern manufacturing methods. This ensures a high degree of total reliability for the circuit breaker and a minimal need of maintenance. Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations. BLG is the answer to the demands of today and tomorrow and designed for widely shifting conditions, from polar to desert climate.

Installation Design For circuit breaker Outdoor Spring operated LTB E1 (Three-pole operated) LTB E2 LTB E4 HPL B -55 C to +40 C (Other on request)
Edition 4, 2008-05
M-1
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLG

Material
The housing is made of corrosion resistant, painted aluminum. Front and back doors are equipped with doorstops and pad lock provisions on door handles. The doors and walls are insulated for low heat energy consumption and low noise level.
Tools
Special tools for assembling and service are placed on the backside of the rear door.
Maintenance
Rating plates
The maintenance requirements are small, as BLG is designed for a service life of more than 30 years. Normally it is sufficient with ocular inspection every 1-2 years. Preventive inspection is recommended after 15 years or 5,000 operations. A more detailed check is recommended after 30 years of service or 10,000 operations.
A rating plate, which includes data for the circuit breaker, is placed on the side of the cabinet. The rating plate is made of stainless steel with engraved text.
Instructions
With each delivery of circuit breakers, there is an extensive product manual that will guide the user how to handle the apparatus during its lifetime. Instructions, product manual, circuit diagram and other documents are placed in a compartment inside the back door of the operating mechanism.
Disposal
Transport
BLG is normally packed and transported in a separate seaworthy wooden box.
The disposal should be carried out in accordance with local legal provisions. The metals used in BLG can be recycled.
Arrival inspection - Unpacking
Please check the contents and packaging with regard to transport damage immediately on arrival. In the event of any material missing or damage to the goods, contact ABB for advice, before further handling of the goods takes place. Any damage should be documented (photographed). The operating mechanism must be lifted using the lifting eyes on top of the cabinet. Slings must not be placed around the cabinet when lifting. All packing material can be recycled.
Storage
The operating mechanism shall preferably be stored indoors in a dry building. When stored outdoors, the box should be opened to promote the exchange of air and the internal heater should be used to prevent condensation.
M-2
Edition 4, 2008-05
Heater circuits
The operating mechanism is provided with an anti-condensation heater. To ensure reliable operation at low temperatures the mechanism is provided with a thermostat-controlled heater unit (BT1, E2). Alternatively, in climatic conditions with high humidity, the mechanism can be provided with moisture detector. The terminal blocks are the users interface to the control circuits and connect the internal wiring. Standard terminal blocks are compression type in which a bare wire end is compressed between two metallic plates in the terminal. Circuits for supply to contol, motor and AC auxiliaries are normally connected to 6 mm2 disconnectable terminals. (Entrelec M6/8.STA) The signal circuits are connected to 4 mm2 through-terminals. (Entrelec M4/6) All terminals can be protected with a transparent cover.
Closing circuit
Terminal blocks
Tripping circuits
Interlocks
The contact on the density switch (BD) actuates the auxiliary relays (K9, K10), which block the operating impulse if the density of the SF6 gas is too low. The antipumping relay (K3) blocks any remaining closing impulse after the breaker has completed a closing operation. The density of the SF6 gas and condition of the operating mechanism is monitored electrically, given the following (remote) indications: Topping up of SF6 gas is recommended (alarm level) Density of the SF6 gas is too low (blocking level) Direct-on-line motor starter switched off Indication of charged springs
Internal wiring
The cabling in the operating mechanism is normally carried out with PVC-insulated cables. The dimensions are 2.5 mm2 for motorcircuits and 1.5 mm2 for control- and auxiliary-circuits. As an option flameproof, halogen free cable can be provided.
Edition 4, 2008-05
M-3
Control circuits BD BG BT1 BW E1, E2 F1, F1.1 F2 K3 K9, K10 Signal contact of density switch Auxiliary contact Thermostat Limit switch Heater Direct-on-line motor starter (MCB) Miniature circuit breaker, AC auxiliary circuit Anti-pumping relay Interlocking relay, trip, close
CLOSE TRIP 1 TRIP 2
Control circuits K25 M, M.1 S1 S4 Y1, Y2 Y3 Y7 Signal relay, low gas Motor Switch, trip/close Selector switch (local/remote/disconn.) Tripping coil Closing coil Blocking contact (Hand crank adapted)
Q1, Q1.1 Contactor
SPO = Single-pole operated TPO = Three-pole operated
SPO S4 TPO BD BD
S1
Two motors are used in the BLG when larger spring energy is required.
K3
BG K9
K3 BW BG Y3
SIGNALS
K10
BG Y1
MOTOR
BG Y2
HEATER
-/N BD K9 K10 F1.1
+/L
N F2
S4
S1
BT1 Y7 BW E1 E2
BG
BW
Q1.1 Q1
M.1 M
K25
Y7
Y7
N = Neutral L = Live
BLG circuit diagram
M-4
Edition 4, 2008-05
Technical Data
Motor
Universal motor*) for 110 - 125 or 220 - 250V, AC or DC
Rated voltage V 110 220 Starting current peak value (max) A 20 - 45 ** 10 - 30 ** Normal current at DC (approximately) A 12 - 30 *** 6 - 15 ***
* **)
)
Please note that the motor contactor is either AC or DC type. Depending on power source. Peak value during first 0.1 s is in general 3 times charge current. ***) Depending on spring setup.
Spring charging time
15 s
Operating coils
Auxiliary contacts
The operating mechanism normally includes 9 NO and 11 NC spare auxilliary contacts. If TCS is provided the operating mechanism normally includes 9 NO and 9 NC spare auxiliary contacts.
Heating elements
Rated voltage V (AC) 110 - 127 220 - 254 Power consumption -40 C Continuosly connected W 70 70 Thermostatically controlled W 140 * 140 *
*) 2 x 140 W for -55 C The voltage range for motor, control and auxiliaries fulfills the requirements according to IEC and ANSI C37 standards. Other ratings for motor, coils, auxiliary contacts and heating elements can be provided.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide Edition 4, 2008-05
M-5
Design Data
Dimensions (mm) Weight (kg) Material of housing Thickness (mm) Color Temperature range (C) Degree of protection Terminal blocks Cable connection Earthing clamp Internal cable 682 x 760 x 1747 465 Aluminium 2 Grey, RAL 7032 -55 to +40 As per IEC 60529: IP55 Supply, motor and AC circuits, disconnectable 6 mm2 block. Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block. Size FL 33: 102 x 306 For conductors with maximum 13 mm diameter Motor circuits 2.5 mm2 PVC-insulated cable. Otherwise 1.5 mm2 PVC-insulated cable.
BLG
Front View
SIDE Side View VIEW 845 96 14x20
16.5x30 136 102.5 102 1522 450
28
231
353
Bottom View
59
760
Cable Entry Flange (FL 33)

760 80
D=9 80 100
295
R603
292
M-6
Edition 4, 2008-05
Design Data
Optional equipment
Manual mechanical trip push-button - Inside or outside cubicle Additional auxiliary contacts - 6 NO + 6 NC Trip circuit supervision Internal light with door switch Socket outlet Position indicating lights Extra heater - Moisture detector control Provision for key interlock (Castell, Fortress or Kirk) Extra closing coil Lockable operating switches Protective cover for terminal block Before delivery each operating mechanism together with the corresponding circuit breaker has to pass routine tests according to current standards. For each circuit breaker together with its operating mechanism a routine test report is issued showing the actual test result.
Recommended spare parts for BLG
Tests
The BLG mechanism has together with the corresponding circuit breaker, passed type tests in accordance with applicable IEC and ANSI standards. Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations.
Applicable for circuit breakers for frequent switching duty, e.g. switching capacitor- or reactor-banks. Catchgear with closing coil (or separate coil) Catchgear with tripping coils (or separate coil) Heater Motor with driving unit Motor contactor Auxiliary relays
Edition 4, 2008-05
M-7
M-8
Edition 4, 2008-05
Spring Operating Mechanism type FSA1

The design of FSA1 is a well-proven technology (Thousands of units are in service). This proven technology is efficiently combined with modern manufacturing methods. This ensures a high degree of total reliability for the circuit breaker and a minimal need of maintenance. Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations. FSA1 is the answer to the demands of today and tomorrow and designed for widely shifting conditions, from polar to desert climate.

Installation Design For circuit breaker Service conditions: Ambient temperature Outdoor Spring operated ED LTB D1 -55 C to +40 C (Other on request)
Edition 4, 2008-05
N-1
Spring Operating Mechanism type FSA1

Material
The housing is made of corrosion resistant, painted aluminum. The doors are equipped with doorstops and pad lock provisions on door handles.
Storage
Rating plates
The operating mechanism shall preferably be stored indoors in a dry building. When stored outdoors the internal heater should be used to prevent condensation. If it is planned to store the unit, an external connection to the internal heater is provided.
A rating plate, which includes data for the circuit breaker, is placed on the front door. The rating plate is made of stainless steel with engraved text.
Tools
Special tools for assembling and service are placed on the backside of the front door.
Instructions
With each delivery of circuit breakers, there is an extensive product manual that will guide the user how to handle the apparatus during its lifetime. Instructions, product manual, circuit diagram and other documents are placed in a compartment inside the front door of the operating mechanism.
Maintenance
The maintenance requirements are small, as FSA1 is designed for a service life of more than 30 years. Normally it is sufficient with ocular inspection every 1-2 years. Preventive inspection is recommended after 15 years or 5,000 operations. A more detailed check is recommended after 30 years of service or 10,000 operations.
Transport
FSA1 is packed assembled on polebeam or in separate box. Both alternatives in sea worthy wooden boxes for transport.
Arrival inspection - unpacking
Please check the contents and packaging with regard to transport damage immediately on arrival. In the event of any material missing or damage to the goods, contact ABB for advice, before further handling of the goods takes place. Any damage should be documented (photographed). If the FSA1 is packed separately the operating mechanism must be lifted using the lifting eyes on top of the cabinet. Slings must not be placed around the cabinet when lifting. All packing material can be recycled.
Disposal
The disposal should be carried out in accordance with local legal provisions. The metals used in FSA1 can be recycled.
N-2
Edition 4, 2008-05
Heater circuits
The operating mechanism is provided with an anti-condensation heater. To ensure reliable operation at low temperatures the mechanism is provided with a thermostat-controlled heater unit (BT1, E2). The terminal blocks are the users interface to the control circuits and connect the internal wiring. Standard terminal blocks are compression type in which a bare wire end is compressed between two metallic plates in the terminal. Circuits for supply to motor and AC auxiliaries are normally connected to 6 mm2 disconnectable terminals. (Entrelec M6/8.STA) The signal circuits are connected to 4 mm2 through-terminals. (Entrelec M4/6) All terminals can be protected with a transparent cover.
Central control cubicle, CCC
Local operation and connections from the control room are made at the central control cubicle, CCC. The single-pole operated LTB D with FSA1 has a CCC that is integrated with the B-phase operating mechanism. This solution is sometimes referred to as master-slave solution. The cabling from the CCC out to the operating mechanisms are as standard assembled and tested together with the circuit breaker in the factory. This gives an optimized solution, that saves time for cabling and installation work at site.
Terminal blocks
Closing circuit
Internal wiring
Tripping circuits
The cabling in the operating mechanism is normally carried out with PVC-insulated 1.5 mm2 cables. As an option flameproof, halogen free cable can be provided.
Interlocks
The contact on the density switch (BD) actuates the auxiliary relays (K9, K10, K11), which block the operating impulse if the density of the SF6 gas is too low. The antipumping relay (K3) blocks any remaining closing impulse after the breaker has completed a closing operation. The density of the SF6 gas and condition of the operating mechanism is monitored electrically, given the following (remote) indications: Topping up of SF6 gas is recommended (alarm level) Density of the SF6 gas is too low (blocking level) Direct-on-line motor starter switched off Indication of charged springs
Combined CCC and operating mechansim for single-pole operation with FSA1
Edition 4, 2008-05
N-3
Control BD BG BT1 BW E1, E2 F1.A-C F2 K3 K9, K10 K11 K25 M1 S1 S3 S4 Y1, Y2 Y3 Discription Density switch Auxiliary contact Thermostat Limit switch Heater Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) Anti-pumping relay Interlocking relay, trip Interlocking relay, close Auxiliary relay Motor Control switch Selector switch Selector switch Tripping coil Closing coil Circuits Signal contact of density switch in trip and close circuit Interrupting contact, close and trip circuit AC auxiliary circuit Signal contact AC auxiliary circuit Direct on-line motor starter. Motor circuit AC auxiliary circuit Close circuit Trip circuit Close circuit Gas supervision, Alarm signal Motor circuit Close and trip circuit Close circuit Close and trip circuit Trip circuit Close circuit
Circuit diagrams shows operating mechanism when circuit breaker is in off position, not pressurised, closing springs uncharged, no power supply connected and selector switch in position LOCAL. Electrical functions for single-pole operation is shown. At three-pole operation only the circuits marked with B are used.
Motor circuit
Standard
-/N +/L -/N +/L -/N +/L
AC Auxiliary circuit
Standard
N L
F2
F1
BT1 E1/E2
BW1
M -/~ (A)
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M -/~ B
M -/~ (C)
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(A)
(C)
Close circuit
Standard
C+ + -
Signals
Standard
BG
S1
BW
S4
S1
K11 K3
S3
R LD
(S3) BW1 BG1

(A) B (C)
S4
K9
K10
K11
K25
Y3
F1.A
F1.B
F1.C
F2
(A)
(C)
Trip circuit 1
Standard
TCS T1+ + -
Trip circuit 2
Standard
TCS T2+ + -
BD1 S1
BD1
S4
S4 K25 K11 K9
K10
BG1 Y1
BG1 Y2
(A)
(C)
(A)
(C)
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Technical Data
Motor
Universal motor for 110 - 125 or 220 - 250V, AC or DC
Rated voltage V 110 220 Starting current peak value (max) A 20 * 10 * Normal current at DC (approximately) A 8 ** 4.5 **
*) Depending on power source. **) Depending on spring setup.

Spring charging time 15 s
Operating coils
Auxiliary contacts
The operating mechanism normally includes 7 NO and 7 NC spare auxilliary contacts.
Heating elements
Rated voltage V (AC) 110-127 220-254 Power consumption Continuosly connected W 70 70 Thermostatically controlled W 140 140
The voltage range for motor, control and auxiliaries fulfills the requirements according to IEC and ANSI C37 standards.
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Design Data
Dimensions (mm) Single-pole operated Three-pole operated Weight (kg) Single-pole operated Three-pole operated Material of housing Thickness (mm) Color Temperature range (C) Degree of protection Terminal blocks Cable connection Single-pole operated master Three-pole operated Earthing clamp Internal cable 2 x (218 x 76) 2 x (180 x 80) For conductors with maximum 13 mm diameter 1.5 mm2 PVC-insulated cable. Master: 177, Slave 142 150 Aluminium 2 Grey, RAL 7035 -55 to +40 (Other on request) As per IEC 60529: IP55 Supply, motor and AC circuits, disconnectable 6 mm2 block. Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block. Master: 770 x 575 x 1473, Slave: 595 x 453 x 1023 701 x 605 x 1022
Optional equipment
Manual mechanical trip - Inside cubicle Trip circuit supervision Internal light with door switch Socket outlet Position indicating lights Extra closing coil Lockable operating switches Protective cover for terminal block Under voltage relay Pole discrepancy
Before delivery each operating mechanism together with the corresponding circuit breaker has to pass routine tests according to current standards. For each circuit breaker together with its operating mechanism a routine test report is issued showing the actual test result.
Recommended spare parts for FSA1
Tests
The FSA1 mechanism has together with the corresponding circuit breaker, passed type tests in accordance with applicable IEC and ANSI standards. Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations.
Applicable for circuit breakers for frequent switching duty, e.g. switching capacitor- or reactor-banks. Catchgear with closing coil (or separate coil) Catchgear with tripping coils (or separate coil) Heater Motor with driving unit Auxiliary relays Limit switches
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Design Data, Single-pole operated

Front View 224 320 80 199 Side View 576 234
1448
Central Control Cubicle (Master)
25 15 680 764 Bottom View 770
1368
96 42 455
96
Front View 533 595 320 80
Side View 453 75 234
110 76 (2x)
218 (2x)
1023
A-, C-phase operating mechanism (Slave)

25 547 Bottom View 10 375
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918
Design Data, Three-pole operated

Front View Side View 605 182 320 80 19 75 234
25 636 Bottom View 701 684 180 (2x)
917
35
20 477
80 (2x)
555
1022
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Motor Operated Mechanism type Motor Drive

Focusing on our customers needs for the new millennium ABB introduces a revolutionary new solution for operation of high voltage circuit breakers: Motor Drive. Motor Drive sets new standards in circuit breaker technology and function. Increased operational endurance. 10,000 operations or 30 years of service with minimum inspection and maintenance. Low operation forces Simple installation without adjustment Advanced self-monitoring system
Only one (1) moving part in the drive Low stable power consumption Extremely low noise level

Installation Design For circuit breaker Service conditions: Ambient temperature Outdoor/Indoor Digitally controlled motor At present available for: LTB D -50 to +40 C (Operation in other temperatures on request)
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Technical Data
Power supply
Input 1 and 2 Rated voltage (V)
1)
Heating element
Power consumption Rated voltage (V, AC/DC) 110 - 230 Thermostatically controlled Placed in Control cubicle 2 x 100 W (at 20C) 110 - 250 V DC (70% 110%) 220 - 240 V AC (70% 110%)
1) There is one supply which has priority (supply 1) which will be used if it is present, the change to secondary supply (supply 2) is automatically done without interruption.
Test voltage 1 min. 50 Hz

Circuit Voltage supply Control circuits Outputs Heating element Voltage (kV) 2 2 2 2
Maximum power required at rated supply voltage

During startup of the system On-line without operations During and immediately following a single operation < 10s < 400 W
< 100 ms, 550 W < 60 s, 350 W
< 100 W
Operating times
Opening times 22 ms 45 ms O - 0.3 s - CO - 3 min - CO CO - 15 s - CO Closing times Rated operating sequence
Control circuits
Control circuit Close input Trip input Others Rated voltage (V DC) 110 220 on request 110 220 on request 110 220 on request Current or power 160 mA during the first 3 ms, then 3 mA 160 mA during the first 3 ms, then 3 mA 160 mA during the first 3 ms, then 3 mA
Dimensions
Control cubicle Dimension (mm) Weight (kg) Thickness Color 885 x 1345 x 787 190 2 mm aluminium Grey (RAL 7032) -50 C to +40 C As per IEC 60529: IP55 Supply, control and AC-circuits isolatable 6 mm2 block. Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block. Size FL33, two flanges 2 x (102 x 306) For conductor with max. 13 mm diameter 1.5 mm2 PVC insulated cable
Outputs
Output Nom. rated current (A) Indication closed position Indication open position Indication circuit breaker fault Others 16 16 16 16 Breaking capacity Resistive load (V DC) 110 250 110 250 110 250 110 250 Max. Breaking current (A) 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.35
Temperature range Degree of protection Terminal blocks Cable-entry flange (mm) Earthing clamp Internal cable
Testing
The motor drive has successfully passed the following type tests
Serial communication port

Output Fibre output Connector type ST Compatible optical fibre 62.5/125 m nom. 820 nm
Mechanical, High/Low temperature and power according IEC and ANSI EMC according IEC and EN Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations. Before delivery each motor drive has to pass routine tests conforming to current standards. For each circuit breaker a routine test report is issued showing the actual test result.
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Composite Insulators
ABB has developed a full range of high voltage equipment including surge arresters, instrument transformers and circuit breakers with high performance and robust composite insulation as an alternative to porcelain. Use of composite insulators provides new possibilities for substation designers to improve safety and availability.
Color
The (SIR) insulators for the circuit breakers are delivered in light gray color.
Applications
Composite insulators are used for the following types of ABB live tank circuit breakers:
LTB 72.5 - 800 kV HPL 72.5 - 800 kV
General
Completed tests performed

On insulator Accelerated ageing test (1,000 h) UV radiation tests Natural pollution test On circuit breaker Seismic test Overpressure test Shatter test Dielectric test Short-time current test High and low temperature test
Composite insulators with silicone rubber sheds (SIR) offer many advantages over traditional porcelain insulators: Non-brittle Lower transport and handling risk Lower in-service risks Low risk for damages by vandalism Low weight Easier handling Reduced foundation loads Excellent seismic withstand Hydrophobic Less maintenance Suppressed leakage currents LTB Circuit Breaker with composite insulator. Demands on insulators used for gas insulated live tank circuit breakers are high with respect to mechanical loads as well as electrical stresses. The insulator shall also withstand the decomposed SF6 gas and the heat developed during current interruption.
Demands on composite insulator
3 4
ABB manufacturing techniques
The supporting part of the insulator consists of a cross-laminated fiberglass reinforced epoxy tube, joined to metal end flanges. The glass fibers on the inner surface of the hollow insulator are protected against the influence of the SF6 decomposition products by a liner of epoxy, reinforced with polyester fibers. The patented helical extrusion moulded silicone rubber insulator without joints (chemical bonds between spirals) is attached to the tube by the spiral winding process, developed by ABB. It minimizes electrical field concentrations and reduces build up of contamination.
Main parts of ABBs composite insulator:

1. Metal flange | 2. Glass fiber reinforced epoxy tube | 3. Liner | 4. Silicone rubber shed
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Silicone Rubber (SIR)

Flashover resistant
The chemical nature of silicone makes the insulator surface hydrophobic. The leakage currents are suppressed because the water on the surface stays as droplets and does not form a continuous film. Silicone rubber has the unique ability to maintain its hydrophobicity during the lifetime of the insulator.
Stability when exposed to UV light

Silicone rubber UV absorption wavelength is below those naturally occurring -over 300 nanometers. This means that it has inherent UV stability, and a higher resistance against breakdown than other polymers like EPrubber and epoxies.
Deliveries
Ageing withstand
As a consequence of the hydrophobicity and the suppression of leakage currents, the discharge activity is negligible even in areas with severe pollution. Non-hydrophobic materials like porcelain and EP-rubber do not possess this property and are therefore affected by pollution to a greater extent.
In addition to extensive type tests conducted on its composite silicone rubber insulators, ABB has a long list of field references worldwide, verifying the expected high performance and reliability of the insulation system. ABB in Ludvika has delivered live tank circuit breakers with composite insulators for the most severe conditions, from marine climate to desert and/or industrial polluted areas. Reference list can be presented on request.
Composite insulators with silicone rubber sheds
Because there is no need to compromise on safety and performance.
The non-wetting surface of a silicone rubber insulator
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Controlled Switching
Controlled Switching with SwitchsyncTM

Suppression of Switching Transients Principle of Controlled Switching
Controlled switching is a method for eliminating harmful transients via time controlled switching operations. Closing or opening commands to the circuit breaker are delayed in such a way that making or contact separation will occur at the optimum time instant related to the phase angle.
REFERENCE TIME INSTANT WAITING TIME + OPERATING TIME TARGET TIME
There are several important circuit breaker applications where random closing or opening instants may lead to severe voltage and current switching transients. These transients occur in the main circuits, but may also induce transients in control and auxiliary circuits, as well as in adjacent low voltage systems. The switching transients are associated with a variety of dielectric and mechanical stresses on the high-voltage equipment, and may cause gradual or immediate damage to the system or the equipment. Induced transients may lead to a variety of disturbances, e.g. in substation control and protection systems, computers and processors, or telecommunications. Normal energizing of shunt capacitors, shunt reactors and power transformers may cause severe transients - high overvoltages, under-voltages, or high inrush currents. Upon de-energizing of shunt reactors, reignitions will occur, resulting in steep voltage surges. The magnitude of the transients depends on the point-on-wave where closing or opening of the circuit breaker contacts occur. In a situation without controlled switching, sooner or later the switching instant will occur at the worst possible phase angle. Even though a modern circuit breaker will have very low restrike probability at switching of capacitive loads or harmonic filters, for statistical reasons a few occasional restrikes may occur during the course of a large number of switching operations. This risk of occasional restrikes may be eliminated by means of controlled opening operations. Conventional countermeasures such as pre-insertion resistors, damping reactors or resistors, or arresters are used to limit the magnitude and effect of the switching transients, after they have occurred. In addition, system and equipment insulation may be upgraded to withstand the stresses. These methods, however, may be inefficient, unreliable or expensive, and do not treat the root of the problem.
By means of SwitchsyncTM controllers, both energizing and de-energizing operations can be controlled with regard to the point-onwave position, and no harmful transients will be generated. The following example illustrates the general operating principle of a SwitchsyncTM controller, for energizing of a capacitor bank. In order to avoid switching transients, the making instant in this case shall be at voltage zero. For simplicity, only a single phase is considered.
Busbar
VT
Reference Voltage Input Command
Circuit Breaker
Output Command
Switchsync Controller
Capacitor Bank
Suitable circuit breakers
ABB live tank circuit breakers and disconnecting circuit breakers have spring operating mechanisms. For some of the variants, a motor drive is incorperated as an alternative. All these circuit breakers have stable operating times, which vary only to a limited extent with factors such as ambient temperature and control voltage. For good results, and appropriate limitation of the switching transients, we recommend use of SwitchsyncTM controllers only with ABBs SF6 live tank circuit breakers.
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SwitchsyncTM circuit breaker controllers for shunt capacitor banks and harmonic filters are normally used for control of closing operations.
Switching of Capacitor banks and Harmonic filters
with a time separation of 1/6 cycle (3.3 ms at 50 Hz or 2.8 ms at 60 Hz). For capacitor banks with ungrounded neutral, two poles should close simultaneously at phase - phase voltage zero, and the last one 1/4 cycle later (5 ms at 50 Hz or 4.2 ms at 60 Hz).
Required time staggering for grounded shunt capacitor bank
A discharged capacitor is similar to a momentary short-circuit when connected to a power source. If energized when the source voltage is high, the connection results in voltage and current transients that may cause serious problems. Depending on the network configuration, the voltage surge may cause dielectric breakdown somewhere in the high voltage network, and low voltage equipment may suffer insulation damage or malfunction. With back-to-back capacitor banks, the inrush current may have high frequency and high amplitude. In extreme cases, it may threaten the mechanical integrity of both the capacitor bank and circuit breaker. Controlling the circuit breaker to energize a capacitive load at zero voltage across the contacts will eliminate harmful transients. Figure 3 shows by means of an example how efficiently controlled switching eliminates the harmful switching transients related to energizing of a capacitor bank.
+ 6.7 ms + 3.3 ms 0 ms
0 ms 0 ms + 5 ms
Required time staggering for ungrounded shunt capacitor bank Figure 4. Examples of making sequences for a 50 Hz shunt capacitor bank. The minor time deviations from voltage zero across contacts, have been disregarded.
Figure 3. Voltage transients when energizing one phase of a 72 kV capacitor bank a. At an unsuitable point-on-wave position, close to the power frequency voltage peak, a high voltage transient is generated. b. With Switchsync controller, energizing occurs close to voltage zero, and no transient is generated.
In case of a single-pole operated circuit breaker, SwitchsyncTM will control each pole individually to make it close at the right time. For a three-pole operated circuit breaker, with only one operating mechanism, the poles are mechanically adjusted (staggered) in order to close at the right instant. For switching of a shunt capacitor bank or harmonic filter, the actual choice of staggering depends on: - Connection of the neutral of the load grounded or ungrounded - System frequency - 50 or 60 Hz Opening of capacitor bank circuit breakers generally does not lead to any significant switching transients. The major reason is that the circuit breakers are designed to have very low risk of restrikes upon interruption of capacitive current. However, in special cases
Edition 4, 2008-05
In a normal three-phase situation, the three circuit breaker poles should close at different time instants. The time differences depend on the application. For capacitor banks with grounded neutral, the three poles should close in succession
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with severe conditions, the SwitchsyncTM may be utilized in controlled opening of capacitor bank circuit breakers. The aim is then to eliminate the small statistical risk that a re-strike may still occur, and the circuit breaker is controlled in such a manner that short arcing times are avoided.
Switching of Power transformers
Suitable Switchsync controllers for capacitor bank circuit breakers are:

Three-pole operated breaker: For only closing; Switchsync E113 For both closing and opening; Switchsync E213
Switchsync for transformer circuit breakers are used for control of the closing operations, in order to limit inrush currents. Uncontrolled energizing, at unfortunate points-on-wave, causes high and slowly damped inrush currents. The result is mechanical stress on the windings, interference on secondary circuits from high zero-sequence current, and network disturbances by current harmonics.
Single-pole operated circuit breaker: For only closing or for both closing and opening; Switchsync F236
Switching of Shunt reactors
Figure 5. Uncontrolled de-energizing of a shunt reactor will cause steep reignition transient
Figure 6. Controlled de-energizing of a shunt reactor eliminates reignition transients. Only a chopping overvoltage with moderate frequency remains.
Switchsync for shunt reactor breakers are normally used for control of the opening operations. Uncontrolled de-energizing will cause re-ignition in at least one circuit breaker pole. The very steep voltage transients caused by reignitions will be unevenly distributed across the reactor winding, with the highest stress on the initial turns. There is a risk that the voltage stress will lead to puncture of the winding insulation in the reactor, which in the long run may lead to complete breakdown. Insulation of nearby equipment may also be damaged. By controlling the contact separation to be sufficiently early before current zero, re-ignitions can be eliminated. The remaining voltage transient is a chopping overvoltage with relatively low frequency which is normally quite harmless. Controlled closing of shunt reactor circuit breakers is also applied in several cases. The switching case is similar to energizing of no-load transformers, and may cause high inrush and zero sequence current with associated electromechanical stresses. With controlled closing of the circuit breaker these phenomena are minimized. Shunt reactor circuit breakers are normally single-pole operated due to the high rated voltages. Suitable Switchsync controllers are: For only opening; Switchsync E113 For both opening and closing; Switchsync F236
Source voltage Steady-state magnetic flux Steady-state no-load current (a few Amperes)
Figure 7. Power transformer in steady state no-load conditions
Several kA
Figure 8. Conditions with uncontrolled energizing of power transformer
With symmetrical magnetic flux in the transformer core the current is small, but it increases rapidly even with moderate asymmetry due to increasing core saturation. Controlled energizing makes the flux symmetrical from the start. The making operation should be made at an appropriate time instant, under consideration of the residual flux of the transformer core. There are basically three ways to operate the circuit breaker:
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Edition 4, 2008-05
1. When residual flux may be disregarded, it is sufficient to control the closing operations. This straight-forward method will limit the highest inrush current magnitudes even if there should be residual flux. A suitable controller is Switchsync E113. 2. The opening operations of the circuit breaker are controlled in order to achieve a defined and repeatable residual magnetic flux in the transformer core. The procedure is normally to interrupt the no-load current close to a natural zero passage, which results in minimum flux in the core. The subsequent closing operation is then controlled in order to minimize the inrush current, based on this knowledge. Sometimes, however, a higher value of residual flux is chosen, as this will be associated with lower pre-arcing stress of the circuit breaker at the subsequent closing operation. This also improves the precision of the targeting process. The method is suitable for regular planned switching of transformers under no-load conditions. It is applicable in situations where the same circuit breaker will always perform the making and breaking operations. A suitable controller is Switchsync F236. 3. Opening operations are performed at random, while the resulting residual flux is determined by integration of the transformer voltage. The voltage signals to the controller for this process may be taken from normal VTs or CVTs adjacent to the transformer. Based on the calculated residual flux, the subsequent closing operation is then controlled in such a manner that the inrush current is minimized. In this mode of operation, the residual flux may vary considerably from one operation to another and the actual controlled making operations will take place at varying time instants in relation to the supply (reference) voltage. The method is mainly suitable for situations with unplanned operations, under varying switching conditions and also works when opening operations occur in connection with faults in the system. Since each pole needs
to be controlled independently, the method requires single-pole operation of the circuit breaker. A suitable controller is Switchsync T183.
Switching of EHV lines
The traditional method for limitation of switching overvoltages during closing or reclosing operations of unloaded EHV lines is to use circuit breakers equipped with closing resistors. However, controlled switching of the line circuit breakers is increasingly considered as an alternative, and then often as part of a solution where surge arresters are also applied for optimal limitation of the switching overvoltages. Circuit breakers at this voltage level are generally single-pole operated. For uncompensated lines, controlled switching of the circuit breakers may be arranged in two different ways: 1. Trapped charge on the line, resulting from the opening operation, is not recorded. When closing, the circuit breaker is controlled to make the current approximately when the instantaneous voltage in the substation is zero. In this manner limitation of high overvoltages is achieved irrespective of the actual trapped charge. This is a straightforward method, and often the resulting overvoltage level is acceptable, especially when applied in combination with surge arresters. In many cases the trapped charge will actually be zero or close to zero. This will be the case when sufficient time has elapsed from the opening operation, or even at rapid reclosing operations, if the line is equipped with magnetic voltage transformers. A suitable controller is Switchsync F236. 2. More efficient limitation of the switching overvoltages is achieved when the trapped charge on the line is recorded, and taken into consideration by the controlling device. This solution is especially useful in situations when considerable trapped charge is to be expected; i.e. for rapid reclosing operations in situations when CVTs are used. The initial magnitude of the trapped charge can be recorded by the CVTs. A suitable controller is Switchsync L183.
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Controlled Switching with SwitchsyncTM

For shunt compensated lines, the interaction between line capacitance and reactor inductance will lead to voltage oscillations of the healthy phases after interruption. In this case, due to the oscillating voltage shape on the line, the voltage transformers connected to the line will provide correct voltage signals. Controlled switching requires use of singlepole operated line circuit breakers. Reclosing may be set to occur slightly after phase-toground supply side voltage zero. A suitable controller is the Switchsync F236, connected in the same manner as for uncompensated line. All SwitchsyncTM controllers are equipped with special functions to control the result of a controlled switching operation. The adaptation control can be arranged in different ways and for both controlled closing and controlled opening. Deviations from the intended targets may be caused by variations in the operating conditions. The operating conditions that may cause changes of the circuit breaker operating times are, for example, gradually increasing contact burn-off caused by many switching operations, change of ambient temperature and variations of the auxiliary voltage. The functioning principle of the adaptation control is that a detected error from the target will be compensated for in the next controlled operation. If the circuit breaker should have a change in operating time from the value assumed by the SwitchsyncTM controller, then the adaptation feedback signal from a sensor or transducer will appear either slightly later or earlier than expected. When an error has been observed by the controller, the internally created waiting time will be modified for the next operation in such a way that the circuit breaker will be guided back to the intended target A typical arrangement for detection of current start is shown in Figure 9.
Busbar
Feedback Signal
Adaptation control
VT
Input Command
Circuit Breaker
Output Command
Switchsync Controller
Capacitor Bank
Figure 9. Example of shunt capacitor bank energizing with current start feedback loop.
For single-pole operated circuit breakers, the adaptation control can be arranged for each pole individually. In the case of three-pole operated circuit breakers with mechanical staggering, only one pole will be supervised. The other two poles are mechanically linked to the controlled one.
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Edition 4, 2008-05
Range of SwitchsyncTM controllers

The Family of SwitchsyncTM controllers consists of:
Switchsync controller E113 E213 F236 T183 L183 Main application Shunt Capacitor Banks, Shunt Reactors Shunt Capacitor Banks Shunt Capacitor Banks, Shunt Reactors, Transformers Transformers Uncompensated Transmission Lines Controls circuit breaker operation Open or Close Open and Close Open and Close Close Close Circuit breaker operation Three-pole Three-pole Single-pole Single-pole Single-pole
All controllers have provisions for adaptive input to compensate for systematic variations in operating time of the circuit breaker. In addition, Switchsync F236, T183, and L183 have provisions for two external, predictive inputs (e.g. temperature variation, control voltage). These functions make it possible to achieve added precision in the timing of the controlled circuit breaker. They also have a data memory that stores information on switching times, thus permitting condition monitoring of the circuit breaker. Sensors for compensation purposes and communication software for all controllers except E-models are accessories that are ordered separately.
Type designation
The type designation of a Switchsync controller gives information about its functionality. The letter is a generation and application identification, while the subsequent numbers provide the following information:
Figure 10. Switchsync F236 and E113 controllers
Number of command inputs (open or close) Number of adaptive channels Number of command outputs to controlled circuit breaker Figure 11. Switchsync T183 controller
More information
Further information about controlled switching applications and Switchsync controllers is found in Controlled Switching, Buyers Guide/Appplication Guide. Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 22-01en.
Figure 12. Switchsync L183 controller
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Monitoring
On-Line Monitoring System OLM2
The OLM2 monitor is a measuring data acquisition unit optimized for on-line analysis of high-voltage circuit breakers. The electronic circuit is fitted into an EMC shielded aluminum profile housing. The aluminum housing has screw terminals for all external connections. The OLM2 units have a limited data storage capacity. To fully use the flexibility of the OLM System, a data storage device (server computer) is required at the substation level. Communication to and from the monitoring units within a substation is done using an OLM-bus (a modified RS 485 bus), using a twisted pair shielded cable suitable for RS 485. Another option is using optic fiber, this requires optical modems at both ends. From the server computer in the substation to the location where detailed analysis is performed, data can be transmitted using any existing communication means supported by Windows. External systems, such as SCADA can easily make use of the data obtained through the OLM. Data acquisition starts when an OLM2 is triggered by either a coil input (trip or close), an input to the motor of the operating mechanism or an alarm. For each operation of the circuit breaker a complete image of the recorded parameters is stored into the unit, including local time and temperature (ambient and inside operating mechanism). The stored data is then transferred to the server computer and is then accessible for remote analysis using the OLM Explorer software. With this software a detailed analysis of all circuit breaker parameters is possible including trend analysis.
The following parameters may be monitored: operating times, coil currents, contact travel (giving information about speed, overtravel and damping), motor current including spring charging time, SF6-density. Phase currents can be measured as an option to determine the contact erosion.
Design
An OLM2 unit consists of a signal processor with programmable logic. Most internal functions can be modified by firmware or software changes, which means that it can easily be adapted to any type of equipment. The OLM2 units have their own internal watchdog with alarm function. The software provided together with the OLM consists of three parts: OLM Installer, used for installation of the individual units OLM Server, used for communication with the individual OLM2 units on a bus and the server computer (usually a PC) in the substation; OLM Explorer, the data analysis and supervision tool. The OLM Explorer software also hosts a server engine that communicates with server computers.
Example of the presentation of the motor current
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Monitoring
Example of the presentation of different parameters
Monitored data
OLM2-unit: Internal temperature Power supply voltage and current Coil circuit and operating currents Motor circuit, operation current and time Operating times Time between operations Monitoring equipment functions (watchdog) Storage capacity OLM2-unit: Last 32 alarm status records Last 8 contact status records Last 16 motor operation records Monitored function categories through OLM Explorer: Status signals (circuit breaker open or closed) Closing operation Opening operation Close-open operation Motor operation The software is delivered with the OLM System and it contains a feature for automatic update of the software free of charge. From the function categories the following parameters are derived and supervised: Operating times Operating speeds Coil armature time Coil peak current Damping time Overtravel and rebound Counters recording the number of operations and number of motor operations; Motor peak current and spring charging time; Internal temperature of the operating mechanism; Ambient temperature; Power supply voltages and currents (OLM2 unit and heaters); SF6 density, with trend analysis; Contact wear (optional); Contact stroke and contact position.
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Monitoring
On-Line Monitoring System OLM2

1. Scope of supply
The following components are included in the delivery of the OLM System.
1.2 Software
1.1 Hardware
1.1.1 OLM cubicle The cubicle containing the OLM2 unit as well as the wiring of all hardware included in the cubicle. Cable glands for cable entry in the operating mechanism are included. 1.1.2 Current transformers for trip and close coil currents 2 pcs. current transformers, one for measurement of close coil current and one for measurement of trip coil current, located in the OLM cubicle. 1.1.3 Shunt for motor current 1 shunt for measurement of motor current is located in the OLM cubicle. 1.1.4 Travel transducer Incremental transducer for measurement of contact travel including hardware for fixing and cable. The travel transducer is fitted to the circuit breaker during installation of the OLM System. 1.1.5 Temperature sensors Two PT 100 (including cable) for measurement of ambient temperature internal temperature of the operating mechanism. The temperature sensor for the ambient temperature is fitted to the underside of the OLM cubicle and connected to the OLM2 unit. The temperature sensor for the internal temperature needs to be fitted during installation of the OLM System. 1.1.6 SF6 density sensor One or three SF6 density sensors depending on whether the circuit breaker is three-pole or single-pole operated. The density sensors are fitted during installation of the OLM System.
The OLM2 System is delivered with a CDROM containing the following software: - The OLM software with user manuals; - Configuration file for the individual OLM2 units; - Parameter file for OLM Explorer; - The installation manual.
1.3 Drawings
When the OLM System is delivered together with the circuit breaker, the circuit diagram and wiring table are adapted to the receive the wiring from the OLM cubicle.
2. Items not included in the delivery 2.1 Current transformers for line current measurement
Line current measurement is an option and the current transformers necessary are not included in the standard delivery.
2.2 Server computer
Necessary for storage of data retrieved from OLM units.
2.3 Field bus converter
Connection of the server computer to the OLM bus (RS 485 bus) requires a converter. There are two ways to connect the converter, through a serial RS 232 port or through a USB port. 2.3.1 RS converter Connection of a PC to the OLM bus requires a RS-422/486 to RS-232 converter. 2.3.2 USB to RS converter When connection of the OLM-bus to a PC is done through a USB port, a USB to RS converter should be used.
2.4 Connection between OLM and server computer

A shielded, twisted pair cable suitable for RS-485 is recommended. Alternative: optical fiber (requires optical modems at both ends).
R-3
Edition 4, 2008-05
Monitoring
Edition 4, 2008-05
R-4
Seismic Withstand Capability

Seismic stress
There are many zones in the world where earthquakes may occur, and where circuit breakers should be designed to withstand the corresponding stresses. When an earthquake occurs the acceleration and amplia few Hz. Since the frequency of typical earth quake oscillations is also of the order of a few Hz, the actual stress on the breaker will be amplified due to mechanical resonance. The degree of amplification depends on the eigenfrequency and damping of the circuit
tude of the motion of the ground will vary in a statistical manner. The stress conditions are normally most severe in the horizontal direction. The type of soil (sand, clay, rock, etc) has a strong influence on the actual local severity of an earthquake and the damage it may inflict. For technical purposes earthquake stresses are normally defined by the maximum value of the horizontal acceleration. IEC 62271-300 specifies three values of maximum horizontal acceleration, 2, 3, and 5 m/s2, corresponding to 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 g, while IEEE 693 specifies 2.5 and 5 m/s2, corresponding to 0.25 and 0.5 g.
breaker, and is given by the response spectra, specified by IEC 62271-300 or IEEE 693. Sometimes also other response spectra are used, e.g. from Endesa or Edelca. For the same maximum ground acceleration, the requirements of IEEE 693 are more stringent than those of IEC 62271-300. The major reason is that IEEE applies a safety factor 2 for the mechanical strength of the insulators, while IEC uses a factor 1. In addition the IEEE response spectra are more severe than those of IEC.
Seismic capability of LTB and HPL circuit breakers
Resulting stress on circuit breakers

When a HV circuit breaker is subjected to an earthquake, the motion of the ground will induce oscillations in the circuit breaker with corresponding mechanical stress. The mechanical stress will normally be most severe at the lower end of the support column. The circuit breaker will have one or more natural oscillation frequencies, eigenfrequencies, where the predominant one is typically
S-1
All standard versions of HPL- and LTB-circuit breakers can withstand seismic accelerations below 0.3 g in accordance with IEC 62271300 and below 0.25 g in accordance with IEEE 693 (see page J-2 and K-2). In order to withstand higher earthquake stresses the circuit breakers may be provided with reinforced support structures and/or reinforced insulators. In addition, and in order to handle the highest stresses, earthquake dampers may be applied on large circuit breakers.
Edition 4, 2008-05
Earthquake dampers
An earthquake damper will increase the damping of the natural oscillations of the circuit breaker. In this way the amplification of earthquake stresses due to resonance is significantly decreased, and the maximum mechanical stress on the circuit breaker significantly reduced. Fig. 1. illustrates the principle of a damping unit. The support frame (1) is mounted on the bottom plate (3) on which four damping cylinders (2) are assembled. The piston rods (4) are fixed to the foundation bolts. Between the piston rod and the cylinder there is a piston system working, which is absorbing friction energy during motion. This provides damping for the complete circuit breaker. Since the circuit breaker is hanging in the dampers, the forces of inertia during an earthquake can easily initialize the motion of the dampers without having to overcome the forces of gravity.
Verification of seismic capability
The seismic capability of a circuit breaker may be verified by a direct test, where a complete circuit breaker, or pole, is subjected to simulated earthquake stress on a shaker table. See Fig. 2. An alternative method is to determine the eigenfrequencies and damping of the circuit breaker. This can be done e.g. by a snapback test, where a mechanical stress is applied to the breaker, and suddenly released. Based on eigenfrequencies and damping, the resulting mechanical stress in critical parts of the breaker may be determined by means of calculations.
Fig. 1. Support column of HV circuit breaker with earthquake damping unit.
Fig. 2. 550 kV circuit breaker subjected to earthquake test on a shaker table. The highest mechanical stress occurs in the lower end of the vertical support column. The circuit breaker is equipped with composite insulators.
Edition 4, 2008-05
S-2
Quality Control and Testing

Quality
ABB High Voltage Products in Ludvika has an advanced quality management system for development, design, manufacturing, testing, sales and after sales service as well as for environmental standards, and is certified by Bureau Veritas Certification for ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. For single-pole operated circuit breakers type HPL B and LTB E, the routine tests are always individually performed for each pole. Circuit breakers type LTB D and three-pole operated circuit breakers type HPL and LTB E are always routine tested as complete threephase units. In general, the routine tests are performed according to IEC or ANSI/IEEE standards. The main routine tests steps with respect to IEC, ANSI and ABB standards are summarized in the table below. The entire routine tests for each circuit breaker is documented in a detailed routine test report, generated by the computerized testing system. After verification by the ABB certified test supervisor, this report is provided to the customer as part of the order documentation.
Testing resources
ABB has the facilities for carrying out development tests, type tests and routine tests on the circuit breakers. The laboratories for testing are located in Ludvika close to the factories and the offices for development, design and planning. With these testing resources ABB is in the forefront in developing new and safe products for the 21st century.
Type tests
The High Power Laboratory is owned by ABB and has facilities for high power tests, temperature rise tests and mechanical tests. It is also accredited by SWEDAC (Swedish Board for Technical Accreditation). In the STRI AB laboratory, mainly high voltage tests, environmental and special long time duration tests are carried out. In both laboratories tests in accordance with the requirements stipulated in the international standards ANSI and IEC can be performed. It is also possible to carry out special tests specified by our customers. The High Power Laboratory as well as STRI has status of independent laboratory and both are members of SATS (Scandinavian Association for Testing of Electric Power Equipment), which in turn is a member of STL (Short Circuit Testing Liaison). STL provides a forum for international collaboration between testing organizations.
Summary of routine tests

IEC ANSI ABB IEEE Nameplate and design check Resistance measurement (Components in auxiliary and control circuits) Function check of auxiliary and control circuits Mechanical operating test Resistance measurement (Main circuit) Dielectric test (Auxiliary and control circuit) Overpressure test Dielectric test (Main circuit) Tightness test X X X X X X
X X X X N/A X X
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
Routine tests
The routine tests are part of the process of producing the circuit breakers and are always performed with the same test procedures, irrespective whether or not the tests are witnessed by the clients representative. The circuit breaker pole or poles are tested together with the corresponding operating mechanism.
Description
A summary description of the ABB production and routine tests process is provided in the brochure 1HSM 9543 09-01. A detailed description of the routine tests is given in the document 1HSB 4154 09-646.
T-1
Edition 4, 2008-05
Processes and Support

The circuit breaker organization is process-oriented with focus on deliveries to customers. The process is continuously optimized with respect to time and quality.
Production & Assembly
Sales & Order handling
In order to assure that the deliveries fullfill the requirements in the Purchase Order (P.O.) special attention is focused on: Assuring the handover of the P.O. from the Sales to the Order department. Order clarification, assuring the particular tasks of order, order design, purchasing and production departments. Possible order modifications. The tools to monitor the orders are continuously improved in order to give our customers the best possible service.
All employees are trained and certified with respect to their responsibilities. Inspections and test plans together with inspection records and control cards have been prepared for all circuit breakers in order to assure that all activities and the assembly are performed according to the specification.
Service & Spares
The circuit breaker unit takes care of the customers requirements with respect to service and spare parts. Certified traveling service engineers are available at the plant in Ludvika. Also, in order to be able to assist our customers as fast as possible, local service centers are established in several parts of the world. In case of emergencies a 24-hour telephone support is available (ph.: +46 70 3505350). By calling this number customers will get in touch with one of our representatives for immediate consultancy and action planning.
Supply management & Purchasing
The circuit breaker unit has well defined processes for selection and approval of suppliers. Special attention is addressed to audits at the suppliers plant, the manufacturing, Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) and the On Time Delivery (OTD) monitoring. The suppliers are evaluated at regular intervals with respect to quality and ODT.
Research & Development
The R&D process is utilizing a project management model with well-defined gates in order to assure that all customer requirements and technical issues are addressed.
Edition 4, 2008-05
T-2
Inquiry Data
Inquiry Data for Live Tank Circuit Breakers

As a minimum the following information is required and can preferably be copied and sent along with your inquiry.
PROJECT DATA End customer Name of project Standard / Customer specification Number of circuit breakers Delivery time APPLICATION Line Transformer Reactor banks Capacitor banks Other service duty Number of operations per year SYSTEM PARAMETERS Rated voltage Rated frequency Rated normal current Maximum breaking current LIWL (Lightning impulse 1.2/50 s) SIWL (Switching impulse 25/2500 s, for Um 300 kV) Power frequency withstand voltage Grounded / Ungrounded neutral AMBIENT CONDITIONS Ambient temperature (max - min) Altitude (m.a.s.l.) Earthquake withstand requirements BASIC MECHANICAL PARAMETERS Three-pole / Single-pole operation Preinsertion resistors (PIR) for line circuit breakers Type of high voltage terminal (IEC/NEMA/DIN) Insulator material (porcelain or composite) Insulator color (Porcelain: brown or gray) (Composite: only gray) Minimum creepage distance mm or mm/kV Phase distance (center-to-center) Support structure (height) U-1
Inquiry Data
As a minimum the following information is required and can preferably be copied and sent along with your inquiry.
OPTIONAL MECHANICAL PARAMETERS Bursting discs Bracket for CT Primary connections CB CT Manual trip DATA FOR OPERATING MECHANISM Control voltage (Coils and relays) Motor voltage AC-voltage (heaters, etc.) Number of free auxiliary contacts Special requirements ACCESSORIES SF6 gas for pressurizing Gas filling equipment Controlled Switching (Switchsync) Condition monitoring (OLM) Test equipment - SA10 - Programma Tools Spare parts
NOTE! For information regarding the parameters asked for see chapter B-1 Explanation.
Edition 4, 2008-05
U-2
NOTE: ABB AB is working continuously to improve the products. We therefore reserve the right to change designs, dimensions and data without prior notice.
ABB AB High Voltage Products SE-771 80 LUDVIKA, Sweden Phone +46 240 78 20 00 Fax +46 240 78 36 50 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.abb.com
Copyright 2008 ABB. All rights reserved. Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 22-00en, Live Tank Circuit Breaker, Buyers Guide, Edition 4, 2008-05

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What are the different types of circuit breakers discussed in the document?

What are the different types of circuit breakers discussed in the document?

What are some of the operating mechanisms described for circuit breakers?

What are some of the operating mechanisms described for circuit breakers?

Live Tank Circuit Breakers

A-2 B-1 C-1 D-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 H-1 I-1

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Exceeding Customer Expectations ABB Live Tank Circuit Breakers

170 245 550 800 300 550 800

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Rated insulation level

Rated short-circuit breaking current

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

System and Switching Conditions

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Rated break time

Arcing time Pre-arcing time

Make time Make-Break time

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Time definitions according to IEC

Closed position Contact movement Open position

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Operation and Control Operating mechanism - Control Cubicle

Direct On Line Motor Starter

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Trip at low SF6

Panel light Socket outlet

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Operation and Control ABB Options

Emergency trip, manual trip pushbutton 69-device Spring charge supervision

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

Verification of seismic capability

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Design Features Puffer Interrupters

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Design Features Auto-PufferTM Interrupters

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Design Features Auto-PufferTM Interrupters

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LTB Circuit Breaker Family

LTB Design Features and Advantages

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LTB Circuit Breaker Family

LTB Design Features and Advantages

Live Tank Circuit Breakers Buyers Guide

LTB Circuit Breaker Family

Current switching capability

Stable operating times

Low maintenance requirements

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HPL Circuit Breaker Family

HPL Design Features and Advantages

Current switching capability