Working Capital Report-Arvind Mills 2009-2010
Working Capital Report-Arvind Mills 2009-2010
Working Capital Report-Arvind Mills 2009-2010
PROJECT REPORT
ON
PROJECT GUIDE:
Mr. HIREN RAO
SUBMITTED TO:
ARVIND LIMITED
The project duration was from 21st JUNE to 5th AUGUST 2010.
We wish him all the most the best future career pursuits.
Firstly I would like to thank Mr. Shobhit Tyagi, Head- Human Resource,
Arvind limited for providing me with this opportunity to be a part of this
organization.
I would also like to thank my LPU guide, Mrs.Sweta Singh for guiding me
throughout this project. Her dedicated and constant efforts and sincere
advices helped me a lot in gaining knowledge and putting forward my full
potential. He gave me ample of time to complete this report.
I would also like to show my heartfelt thanks to Ms. Milli Das who helped
me a lot in completing my project. Her timely and sincere suggestions
added value to my project.
Besides this, my sincere thanks to all the members of Arvind Limited who
have always guided for improvements during these 6 weeks. I would also
thank my family for their constant support in completing this project.
JATIN KHURANA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
JATIN KHURANA
MBA-II
Excise Collections 13 %
GDP 6%
Today, modern techniques, electronics and innovation have led to a competitive, low-
priced textile industry offering almost any type of cloth or design a person could
desire. With its low cost labor base, China has come to dominate the global textile
industry.
The Indian textile is one of the largest segments of the Indian economy accounting for
over one-fifth of the total industry production. The industry has a complex structure
marked by presence of large scale production units as well as small-scale units. The
industry is manufacture driven with spinning having large-scale operation retailing as
weakest link.
India’s textile is second largest in the world, next to china, with annual shipments of
USD 20 billions and a work force of 20 million people. It generates 7% of India’s
GDP, 20 % of its industrial output and 38 % of its export earnings. The competitive
position of Indian textile largely reflects its vast domestic fiber base, low cost and
skilled work force, established allied industries, significant yarn and fabrics capacity
and manufacturing flexibility. India also produces a fabulous range of men-made
fibers, polyester cotton and polyester-viscose blended fabrics. India offers an alluring
range of made up item like scarves and stoles in exotic, intricate patterns and magical
finishes.
The Indian industry is pre-dominantly cotton based with 70 percent of the raw
Materials consumed being cotton. It is composed of the three major sectors, namely-
the mill, also called the organized sector; the handloom and power loom sectors both
being classified as decentralized sectors and; the garments sector.
Gujarat is one the leading industrial states in India and textile industry in India in
particular had contributed in big way to the industrialization of the state. In fact,
development of the many industries like dyestuff, chemicals Engineering/foundry and
cotton farming is solely dependent on these sectors. The state is well known for
development of hybrid cotton, ginning, power looms, composites mills, spinning units
and independent processing houses.
In Gujarat, textile manufacturers use cotton based fabrics in mill sector, major reason
being the availability of the basic raw materials in the state, i.e. cotton. Similarly many
spinning units producing more conservative yarns were established in the state. The
The Indian textile industry is second largest industry in terms of providing vast
employment opportunities and employs around 35 million people in country
after agriculture sector and contributes 14% to industrial production of the
country.
Textile Industry contributes around 6% of GDP, 13% of excise collections, 25%
of employment in industrial sector, and has 28% share in country’s export.
Industry has direct and strong linkage with rural and agriculture sector,
therefore it is estimated that, one of every six households in country is directly
or indirectly dependent on this industry
Industry contributes
12% of world production of textile fibers and yarn
25% share in the world trade of cotton yarn
23% of the world’s spindle capacity
6% of global rotor capacity
61% in world loom age
Including textiles and garments, 30% of India's export comes from this sector.
Large and potential domestic & international market, large pool of skilled and
cheap labor, well-established industry, promising export potential etc. are few
strengths of Indian Textile Industry.
ARVIND LIMITED
Arvind Mills is one of the major and fully vertically integrated composite mills
players in India. It has large production in denim, shirting and knitted garments.
It is now adding value by manufacturing denim apparel. Its sales are around
US$ 300 million.
RAYMOND’S: Raymond’s has the large, diversified integrated business
model, which is spread across the value chain from yarn to retail. It is
specialized in Diversified woolen textiles. It already supplies to some US
retailers.
RELIANCE TEXTILES: Reliance Textiles is one of the major textile
Company that is in business of fully integrated man-made fiber. It has capacity
of more than 6 million tones per year. It has joint venture partners like, DuPont,
Stone & Webster, Since (Italy) etc.
FABRIC PRODUCTION
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The concept of SBUs, which was implemented in spring 1995, was adopted on the
advice of McKinsey; mainly to facilitate the company’s expansion plans but also to
provide an accurate picture of the performance of individual product lines.
SUBSIDIARIES
Arvind Mills has 11 subsidiaries, of which seven are in textile and related
businesses. They are:
Spring 1995 saw a launch of a wide range of products-including jeans, jackets, denim
shirts, twill shirts, T-shirts and accessories such as belts and bags –under the “Lee”
trade mark. These are sold through exclusive showrooms located in major cities
throughout India.
Although its current turnover is small, AFL is in good position to capture a significant
share of the growing domestic market.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The top management of the company consists of following members:
Name Designation
GROUP OVERVIEW
The Lalbhai group, founded by the 3 Lalbhai brothers in 1908, has grown to
become one of India's most diversified business houses, with a significant presence in
COMPANY’S VISION
All along Lalbhai Group has maintained a responsive yet levelheaded attitude towards
the society and its training individuals to create a corporate culture that fosters
excellence. Working in this direction the company has created a learning environment
that nurtures individual talent and intellect. It provides a platform that challenges the
individual capabilities urging them to constantly strive forward towards greater heights
using development as the fundamental tool.
It infuses in individuals a spirit of entrepreneurship which gives courage and
conviction to pursue set goals towards logical achievement and a global mindset that
transcends geographical and cultural boundaries evolving as a world leader. All this is
manifest in an environment fostering innovation and leadership.
Drawing from the Team based structure to encourage individuals to mesh up into
cross-cultural teams in all operational processes. This process provides opportunities
for individuals to match their capabilities with organizational expectations creating a
mechanism for updating the system. A strong sense of ownership and commitment
towards the organization and the business as a whole is the basic premise of all the
company actions.
COMPANY’S MISSION
Arvind limited. has laid down certain aims and objectives to be achieved while
pursuing its corporate activities. These are:
To provide a favorable work environment to the employees to direct their working
towards achievement of corporate goals.
To provide opportunities creating a mechanism for updating the system
To manage the institution as a trust, as empowered leaders and do all that needs to be
done ethically for the purpose of the institution.
To create a vibrant institution for the future of this nation and the world at large
To be a world leader in an environment fostering innovation and leadership.
To reinforce connections, and catalyze the chemistry that allows connections to be
translated into action which is beneficial for both the organization and the individual.
“We believe in potential of every human being. Our Human Resource Development
policy reflects this belief.
We recruit the best talent wherever we do business, offer competitive compensation,
provide a dynamic work environment, make people accountable for results, and chart
their growth through systematic career planning. Our structures are well defined which
allows us to be more flexible and respond to the customers promptly.
We encourage innovation and entrepreneurship and motivate our people to take on
leadership roles through job re-assignments. This helps us create a learning
organization with a workforce that has multi-dimensional experiences and skills.
Our campus recruitment program and on-going involvement with educational
institution ensures access to highly trained managers, engineers and workers to support
our aggressive global plans. And our training centers – FOUNTAINHEAD (the hub of
all training activities at Arvind), INDRADHANUSH (for operatives), ORCHID (for
behavioral training), and CALCULUS (for computer training) – ensures they continue
to learn and grow.
Each ‘Strategic Business Unit’ is headed by a Business Head. There are also small
garment units at Asoka and Retail outlets at Naroda. The organization has adopted a
Hybrid Structure to be more responsive to the changing markets in which the
Functional and the Divisional structures are combined together. As the organization
grew larger with several products and markets, it typically organized into self-
contained divisions. Functions like marketing, which is important to each product or
market are decentralized to the self-contained units. However, some functions like
Finance, MIS, Legal and Secretarial, Taxation and Services that are stable and require
Talking about the Operations Our Arvind Limited follows is that they purely
focus on Customer Centric Approach i.e. Customer gives a Samples of Fabric to
Marketing Department according to their Requirements and then after working of
departments such as DNTG, Spinning, Dyeing and Sizing, Weaving, Quality
Assurance, Inspection, ISO starts.
The Management Staff and Workers are well trained to handle each process
and the Machines for operations are workers friendly i.e. Workers know their part,
which machines indicate.
To start with, generally our idea was just that ARVIND LTD. produces Denim
Fabric and we are unaware about the Processes they use from Procurement of
Cotton fibers until the End Product that is Finish Fabric (a saleable Product).
PROCESSES
SPINNING
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 30
First, it is worth to note that Production is evergreen line, without production no single
manufacturing company survives in this competition market.
They are having Open End Spinning Process for making Yarns and in this Cotton
are passed through four different routes to produce a Yarn:-
Blowing: - In this blower machine Cotton passes through various kinds of blowing
machines to remove impurities such as Fibers, seeds etc.
Carding: - In this again cotton passes through a machine to open its individual
fibers and again impurities is removed if found. After this process, cotton takes a
form of Slivers in which cotton base is mentioned and directly goes into cards.
There three Liners and each liner are having 12 Cards so there are 36 Cards in
total.
Then after the above three process, it goes into the Final yarn making machine
which is known as AutoCoro. It continuously keep a watch on production of yarn
and any deviations found it gives Red indication on Machine so that operators try
to resolve that.
Now if we compare between Rotor Spinning and Ring Spinning Process then Rotor
Spinning (Open-Ended) is economically viable for the Production of Denim yarn
because it deals with the less number of processes then Ring Spinning.
Blowing Blowing
Carding Carding
Draw-Frame Drawing-Frame
Winding
Final Packaging
SUCKER MULLER:- Generally there are 320 to 400 number of ends in a warp
beams, in addition, this machine can handle upto 12 Beams in one go. In this
machine, it follows some process such as-
a) The machine starts with the warp feeding motor which pick yarns and rotates it
in a clockwise direction in which left roller rotates the yarns into upwards
direction and right roller rotates a yarn into downside direction.
b) Then comes the stage of Preventive motor which works for pouring of yarn and
it clean yarns by removing impurities if any.
c)In the third stage, washing of yarns is done at 50 .C and shades can be decided.
This is also called Pre-dye wash.
d) Then after there is a Dyeing zone and there are six such zones are there. First of
all Indigo dye is applied i.e. coated on yarns and such process is continued for
this six zones with Coating and Oxidization of yarns to remove unnecessary
indigo from yarns so that it maintains its width of weaving ability.
e) Now this machine takes dyes from all tanks and absorb to the surface of yarns
and the remaining dye taken care by absorber tank to reuse such dyes and
reduce wastages. After six zones of dyes, it washes 10 times to remove the
indigo from the surface. This is also called post-dye wash to decide the shades
for the fabric.
Each Sucker Muller machine involves four workers to handle it. The dyeing can also
be done as Sulphur Bottoming and Indigo topping (SBIT), Indigo Bottoming and
Sulphur Topping (IBST), Yellow Bottoming Indigo Topping (YBIT), Indigo
Bottoming Green Topping (IBGT). This method of Dyeing is also known as Warp
Dyeing.
a) Creel Section:- In this section 50 balls are setup at creels with generally 400 to 430
ends. Creels setup is as follows
b)The first section is known as setup section but after that it comes the machine
layout portion i.e. there are 19 Boxes through which Rope passes for various parts
as follows:-
70.C
1. Scoring Process If found Impurities of Yarns removed.
) ( Washing)
* Effluent Treatment Plants is helpful in making a solid form of Indigo waste and
make (pH) level
neutralize
a) Dry cans and Coilers: - In this drying process is carried out through Cylinders and
Coilers are used to make Quality arrangements and to make 400 to 430 ends separate
from individual Ropes.
Indigo extracts from plants that are naturals and there are synthetic dyes. We must
know that Indigo is Insoluble element and to make it applied on the Ropes (Yarns)
Caustic is added to the Indigo to make it soluble. Still this is not enough this just a
formation of Soluble but to apply on surface of Ropes it requires a pathway, which is
given by Hydro, and it makes the (pH) in its acidic media so that Indigo is directly
applied to the Ropes (Yarns).
The basic difference between Warp Dyeing and Rope Dyeing is that in Warp Dyeing-
Dyeing and Sizing Process goes together whereas in Rope Dyeing the focus is mostly
on Dyeing Process and then after the Ropes is filled into cans and then Ropes are
opened as a Warp and thereafter Sizing part is done.
This department consists of 36 staff in three shifts and apportion of such workers are as
follows:-
Therefore this activity is also known as Labor- Oriented activity because the likings of
Damages are more in this Dyeing Process as if any individual Rope breaks then it
creates a problem of lapping on Rollers and due to such Machine has to be stopped
because of such Breakages, and stopping of Machine creates Machine Idle Problems.
Therefore, for this two workers keep a continuous watch on Rope Dyeing on
Platforms.
WEAVING
Warp Beamers first installed to the Air jet loom set, which is Technology from Japan
(Tsudakoma) and then after a weft is entered into nozzles through air pressure.
After one beam is over there is a need for knotting to have a continuous production for
Raw Fabric and for that, this department is having a Knotting machine to join the next
beam. There are indicators on each machine for the Terminologies such as
T- Total Breakages
W- Warp Damages
F- Weft Breakages
L- Leno and other Breakages.
This indicators help operators in make out damages that occurs due to Dyeing and
Sizing and sometimes due to weft also. Weft is procured from outside suppliers, so if
there are more damages or breakages of weft then suppliers are to be aware and they
will have to give more focus on these breakages.
Due to hassle, working environment workers are given Earplugs and Masks due to
humidity level. There are 100 workers in a shift and total there are 3 shifts and
approximately 300 workers work in this department. Recycles wastewater and converts
denim waste to denim paper, in keeping with their eco friendly production process.
FINISHING
The above machines costing around 4 to 5 crores and has ability of making process
on 40,000 meters per day. While there are other high speed machine which gives
heavy production (Approx. 75,000 meters per day). This High Speed Machine is
known as Benninger Impacta-Extracta. In this, all the above 3 process is done on a
single machine. As compared to previous process, this is having high potential to
maintain Quality as it can handle a large production. There are other two machines
are there namely Ordinary Drying Range (ODR) and Ordinary Drying Range + Wet
finishing which focus on all process as per customers requirement.
There are 18-19 Machines in this department and to handle this there are 90 workers
working in three shifts i.e. 30 workers are required per shift.
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 41
Every time we talk about Quality and its Management, but this is not talk in the air, we
have certain Quality Parameters of Testing it and maintain it. This department process
comes into center part of process but their working starts at the initial stages from
procurement until final fabric. Firstly, a customer gives a sample as per their
requirements and then it directly goes to DNTG department to check its ability to
produce such kind of fabric. After this process, DNTG group advises to procure cotton
for making yarns for such production. However, Quality Assurance department to
know the strength of the cotton checks cotton’s length, uniformity and frequency.
This Department also checks coarseness of fibers. They take care about trash, and
evaporations in process of cotton. Without Verification (Standardization) of this
department, no single gram of Raw materials enters into machine.
Cotton
Laboratory
Sample
check cell
Certification
Clearance and
Complaint
Process
control
The flow chart for their process after developing a new product is as follows: -
They also categorized fabric into a Quality Table starting from nine to one, in which 9
shows the best Quality and 1 shows appropriate Quality for certain customers.
Damages can occur from Core Production departments such as Spinning, Dyeing
Sizing, Weaving, and Finishing.
Due to Spinning the defects such as slub yarn variations, coarseness of weft, etc. may
occur. Due to Dyeing Sizing defects such as slackage in ends, tightened problems,
Shade variations due to machines, size-patch damages, etc. may occur. Due to weaving
defects such as stop-marks, Pick findings, snarls and floats, etc. may occur. Due to
finishing defects such as skewness, shrinkages, width and weight of fabric, etc. may
occur.
Arvind Limited integrates both QMS and EMS, which comes under the head of ISO.
ISO 9000 is a family of standards for quality management systems. ISO 9000 is
maintained by ISO, the International Organization for Standardization and is
administered by accreditation and certification bodies. The rules are updated, as the
requirements motivate changes over time. There are 176 member countries.
ISO 9001 : 2008 is the fourth revision of ISO 9000. All requirements of ISO
9001:2008 are generic and are intended to be applicable to all organizations, regardless
of type, size and product provided.
Before certification the agents of ISO takes Assessment audit and Certification audit: -
Some of the requirements in ISO 9001:2008 (which is one of the standards in the ISO
9000 family) include:
- A set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business;
- Monitoring processes to ensure they are effective;
- Keeping adequate records;
- Checking output for defects, with appropriate and corrective action where
necessary;
- Regularly reviewing individual processes and the quality system itself for
effectiveness; and
- Facilitating continual improvement
ISO is all about: ' Say what you do, and do what you say.’
ACTIONS:-
The actions are of two types according to ISO 9000:
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
i. CORRECTIVE: Any action taken after the occurrence of the problem is corrective
action. It prevents the reoccurrence of problem.
AUDITING:
Two types of auditing are required to become registered to the standard:
a. Auditing by an external certification body (external audit) and
b. Audits by internal staff trained for this process (internal audits).
ISO 9000 is a system certificate not a product certificate. It is beneficial for both
customer and the company itself.
ADVANTAGE TO CUSTOMER:
- It gives confidence to the customer that he will get consistency and
Improvement in the quality and the service provided by the company.
- He will not feel hesitate to use that product which is ISO certified.
ADVANTAGE TO SUPPLIER:
- Repeated customers
- Improvement in process
- Addition to the customer base
- Wastage in the process will be less
- Inventory carrying cost will be reduced.
- Gets more liquidity as money doesn’t get block
- Can cater more products to the customer
The validity of the certificate certified by ISO is for 3 years and on the completion of
this validity, recertification is done and in Recertification, Assessment audit is not
done.
Every six months the agents come for Surveillance, they pick up any department and
any worker randomly and than check, whether the procedure is as said earlier or not. In
the cycle of three years, it should be noticed that each department is audit at least once.
ISO 14001 was first published in 1996 and specifies the actual requirements for an
environmental management system. It applies to those environmental aspects which
the organization has control and over which it can be expected to have an influence.
Environment under this system means the surrounding around the organization not
within the organization.
Air pollution is done by the Gases, which comes out of the chimneys, and the
chemicals, etc. Gases like CFC gases, carbon dioxide, etc are such gases, which
effect and destroy the air adversely.
Land pollution is done by the dye chemicals, which mix with the water and
make it harmful to use and because of this, the land is polluted.
Noise pollution is due to the excess noise of the machines, which is harmful for
human beings.
Water pollution is due to the wastage of chemicals, dyes, indigo, which comes
out of the machines while coloring, dying washing, etc...
Significant actions should be taken to control these pollutions and its harmful effects
Arvind Limited uses EMP i.e. Environmental Management Process, which makes the
waste and polluted water useable by removing the sludge from it to neutral the Water.
The particle, which comes out of the polluted water, is to be thrown away in a place as
ordered by the government. Those particles are very dangerous and harmful and it
should be transported very carefully and even care should be taken that the particles do
not fell down while transporting. This process makes the water neutral and useable
after processing through Effluent Treatment Plants.
For Air Emission i.e. Stack Emission should be minimized. The pollution
should be within the permissible limits granted by the government.
For Energy, there are programs to see that the energy consumption goes down.
There are objectives which they make to minimize the energy usage ant also target
are set up that under a certain limit the energy has to be consumed not more than
that.
For natural resources, the company is seeing that the water consumption should be
adequate and wastage should be minimum. Cotton, which is also natural resources,
its consumption should be maximum and wastage should be minimum. in addition,
should be reduced in every stage
INTERNATIONAL
MARKETING
U.S.A
U.S.A
30%
30%
Europe
Europe
55%
55%
Middle-East
Middle-East
(Bangladesh,
(Bangladesh, Turkey,
Turkey,
Sri
Sri Lanka)
Lanka)
15%
15%
The Company believes in Secured Payment, therefore, it gives no credit to any of its
customer but can give terms and conditions of L/C. The Pricing Quotations are
different as per customer’s convenience i.e. F.O.B or C.I.F. They follow the ethics on
Fabric such as Width, Weight and Ounces. These are carefully observing and try that
none of these have been tampered.
The company has recently made a foray into children segment by introducing Lee
Youth, Ruggers Kids & Newport Kids. Similarly in tie-up with Cluett Peabody, USA,
to manufacture and market their world famous Arrow shirts, it launched what is
today’s India’s most inspirational brand of dress shirts.
In a world without boundaries, Arvind FABRICS are equally universal in their appeal.
Arvind aims to enrich lifestyles globally, inspiring diverse customers with the beauty
of their fabric.
Arvind was already making shirting for the Indian market. In 1990, it decided to focus
on high value shirting, so as to expand their markets beyond India's borders. As a part
of their commitment to being a value-adding partner to each of the customers, Arvind
Shirting’s have invested US $ 100 million in Santej. This plant has an annual capacity
of 34 million meters of 100% cotton woven. Arvind's philosophy in manufacturing is
'Excellence in Quality and Flexibility in Production'. In the entire process of
operations, eco-friendliness is critically monitored and ensured. The plant is also
configured to handle small order sizes as well as very long order lengths with
consistent quality.
Arvind has recently set up a dedicated bottom weights plant as part of Arvind Polycot
Limited. This new addition to the Arvind Textile Complex brings the total investment
in the complex up to Rs.12000 million. The plant is an integrated facility that sources
yarn from Arvind at Ahmedabad. It has both weaving and processing infrastructure,
captive power supply, steam generation and a wastewater treatment plant. The latter
makes it a zero discharge complex i.e. one that recycles all its wastewater.
In 1986, we looked for textiles that had global demand, high margins, and high entry
level barriers (either of technology, expertise or set-up costs), and very importantly,
low "fashion volatility". We wanted to focus on fabric that would never go out of style.
Our analysis of potential products threw up denim as the answer. With a production
Portfolio Percentage%
Denim 26%
Shirting 11%
Garment 16%
Brand/Retail 21%
Others 26%
1934 With sales reaching Rs. 45.76 lakhs and a profit of almost Rs. 3 lakhs, Arvind
establishes itself amongst the foremost textile units in the country.
1987 The largest zero discharge green effluent treatment plant in India.
Commitment to greener world.
First company to bring International shirt brand “Arrow” to India
First company to start dedicated “retail” outlets for Arrow brand
Awarded various awards for Highest exports and ISO.
1995 LEE commenced production. Introduction of Ruf & Tuf, ready to stitch denim.
2008 Company launches 'Mega mart', now India's largest value apparel-retail chain
Largest portfolio of International brands: Lee, Wrangler, Nautical, Jan sport,
Kipling, Tommy, Arrow, US Polo, Izard, Pierre Cardin, Palm Beach, Cherokee,
hart Schaffer Marx.
FINANCIAL SCENARIO
Arvind limited is acclaimed in the Indian corporate field for its financial skills. Being
the phase of rapid growth or downturn the company has demonstrated swift, sharp and
robust financial acumen to navigate the company through different phases of economic
cycles. Arvind Mills was the first Textile Company from India to issue GDRS in the
year 1992-93. Highly complex financial restructuring exercise involving more than 80
domestic and international tenders, who the company implemented following the
major downturn in the business cycle during year 2000-2002, is considered to be the
benchmark for the Indian corporate. Arvind limited has been making judicious choice
of fund leasing avenues in the domestic as well as international markets so as to utilis
very efficient capital structure, which is in the tune with operating risks and enhances
the shareholder’s value.
The company has laid down the risk management policy to manage the financial risks
emerging out of currency and interest rate. It runs an active treasury desk so as to make
use of modern hedging tools available to manage financial risks.
Particulars
NO.OF SHARES % OF TOTAL
Arvind limited is the flagship company of the Lalbhai Group and one of India’s largest
integrated textile manufacturers and branded apparel retailers. The re-branding
exercise comes in the wake of Arvind limited transforming itself from a pure fabric
company to a diversified business group focusing on branded apparel and retail.
Initially, when the company was set up as Arvind Mills limited, it was
simply about fabric. But gradually, it has spread its tentacles into retail and branded
apparel, which today contributes the maximum to the company’s growth. Seven years
ago, with everything else constant, the logo was changed. In all, since Arvind Mills
was set up in 1931, this is the first extensive re-branding exercise it has taken up.
Textile major Arvind Mills which has been recently going through a bad patch owing
to rising rupee, reducing exports and falling margins is undertaking a business
transformation in a bid to become a billion dollar company.
The company has firstly changed its name from ‘Arvind Mills limited’ to ‘Arvind
limited’ with a new logo and identity to reflect a company which is diversified with
focus on branded apparel and retail. The promoters will increase their stake from 34%
to 47% and infuse Rs.188 crore capital into the company.
Also, half of the Rs.1400 crore debts which Arvind limited has would be repaid by
selling off land at Ahmedabad and Bangalore thus positively affecting the company’s
profitability.
Arvind is now giving more focus to brands and retail which until now contributes 19%
of total revenue. It will also move to become an integrated textile player by producing
fabric as well as retailing it. With a combination of its own as well as licensed brands,
Arvind aims to become the largest apparel brand in India with focus on Tier II and III
cities.
A company invests its funds for long term purposes and short term operations. That
portion of a company’s capital, which is required for minimum stock of raw material to
maintain continuity in production, minimum stock of finished goods to fulfill future
Working capital is the amount of funds required to cover the cost of operating the
enterprise. In other words, working capital may be defined as excess of current assets
According to this concept, working capital is calculated on the basis of the balance
sheet prepared at a specific date. It is further classified it two forms- gross and net
working capital.
Working capital refers to the metric valuation of the current assets and the current
liabilities. These two are the basic components of working capital.
• CURRENT ASSETS ARE:
(1) Inventories
(5) Other provision against the liabilities payable within a period of 12 months
Trade credit refers to the credit that a customer gets from supplier of goods in the
normal course of business. In practice, the buying firms do not have to pay cash
immediately for the purchase made. It is a major source of financing for firms. In
India, it contributes to about one-third of the short-term financing.
It also involves some credit terms. These credit terms refer t the conditions under
which the supplier sells on credit to the buyer, and the buyer is required to repay the
credit. These conditions include the due date and the cash discount (if any) given for
prompt payment.
• BANK FINANCE
d) LETTER OF CREDIT
The following factors should be considered carefully while determining the amount of
working capital required:
1. NATURE OF BUSINESS – The amount of working capital is basically related to
the nature and the volume of the business. Firms engaged in public utility services
require moderate amount of working capital whereas firms producing luxury goods
require large amount of working capital.
2. SIZE OF BUSINESS – Size is also a determining factor in estimating working
capital requirements. The size may be measured either in terms of scale of
operations or in terms of assets or sales.
3. CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY – Changes in technology may lead to
improvement in processing of raw material, saving in wastage, higher productivity
and more speedy production. All these improvements enable the firm to reduce the
working capital requirements.
4. LENGTH OF OPERATING CYCLE – The amount of working capital depends
upon the length or duration of operating cycle. The speed with which the operating
cycle is completed, determines the amount of working capital. The larger is the
period, the more is the investment in inventories and wage bills.
Excess or redundant working capital refers to the idle funds which do not earn any
profits for the firm. “Inadequate working capital is disastrous; whereas redundant
working capital is a criminal waste”. A firm may suffer following disadvantages
from excess working capital:
1. It may lead to unnecessary purchasing and accumulation of inventories causing
more chances of mishandling of inventories, theft, waste, losses, etc.
2. Excessive working capital implies excessive debtors and defective credit policies
causing higher incidence of bad debts that ultimately affects profits of the firm.
3. It indicates inefficient management of the firm. It shows that the management is not
interested in effectively utilizing the resources and encouraging economy.
APPLICATION OF FUND
Fixed Assets
Gross Block 3056.80 2942.99 2817.21 2192.24
Less- Depreciation (1014.51) (906.78) (772.32) (882.64)
Net Block 2042.29 2036.21 2044.89 1309.60
Capital Work in Progress 81.58 116.14 71.45 79.59
Investment 100.06 104.99 48.05 348.10
FOREIGN CURRENCY MONETARY ITEM 6.77 0.00 0.00
TRANSLATION 0.00
DIFFERENCE ACCOUNT
Current assets, Loan & Advance
Inventories 581.47 575.34 645.01 479.26
Sundry Debtors 350.84 261.77 204.85 368.28
Cash & Bank Balance 26.83 16.32 22.31 9.59
Other Current Assets 54.90 73.26 54.95 38.68
Loan & Advance 578.47 544.45 663.79 1041.44
Total 1592.51 1471.14 1590.91 1937.25
Less-Current Liability & Provision
Liabilities 463.29 360.54 408.99 243.31
Provisions 132.66 21.81 12.15 45.09
Total 595.95 382.35 421.14 288.40
Net Working Capital 996.56 1088.80 1169.77 1648.85
CURRENT ASSETS
Work in process
202.19 146.58 140.12 112.56
Finished goods
255.39 243.23 198.64 71.54
Debtors
350.84 261.77 204.85 368.28
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Creditors
344.46 204.67 278.00 170.85
Wages 17.72 17.26 14.54 14.15
1. INVENTORY PERIOD:-
Debtors
Debtors collection period = ------------------------- * 12 months
Credit sale
Here no specification for cash or credit sales. So, all the sales are taken as credit
sales.
The framing of norms for INVENTORY and receivables for 15 major industries.
Determining the amount of permissible bank finance.
The committee suggested norms, i.e. ceilings for inventory and receivables, which
could be considered for bank finance. The 15 industries included cotton and synthetic
textiles, paper, cement, pharmaceuticals and engineering. Thus, for instance, the norms
proposed for the textile industry were:
Time period of working capital
Time-lag of
Particulars
Time-lag of Arvind Limited Tondon
(Time-lag)
Committee
Accounts
payable to 3.74 2.46 3.83 3.16
1month
creditors months months months Months
period
1month
Wages 1month 1month 1month 1month
1month
Overheads 1month 1month 1month 1month
RAW MATERIAL:
From the year 2005-06 to 2008-09 the time lag continuously decreased from 6.21
months to 1.61 months. So it was good try that they tried to maintain the raw
material time-lag as per the Tondon committee norms.
WORK-IN-PROCESS:
In the year 2005-06 they almost maintained the time-lag as per the Tondon
committee norms i.e. 1 month. But there was slowly increased in the time-lag from
1.16month to 1.51 month from the year 2005-06 to 2008-09.
FINISHED GOODS:
As per the Tondon committee for the textiles industry the time lag for finished
goods is given i.e. 1 month. In the Arvind limited in year 2005-06 the time-lag was
under the period of 1 month. In this year finished goods sold out 0.72 month
duration.
From year 2006-07 to 2008-09 there was decrease in sales turnover. So the
finished goods can’t sell within 1 month duration. So the time duration of finished
goods increased from 1.89 month to 2.40 month respectively in the year 2006-07
to 2008-09 year.
DEBTORS COLLECTION PERIOD:
As per the Tondon committee norms the duration for the debtors collection period 1
month for the textile industry but Arvind limited has high debtors’ collection period.
In the year 2005-06 the debtors’ collection period was very high that was 2.78
month, but as per the market condition and requirement of cash in the Arvind limited
they tried to reduce the debtors’ collection period.
As per the Tondon committee norms the period of payment to creditors is also 1
month. But the Arvind limited got very liberal credit policy for payment. So that
there were no any creditors which collect the money within a month.
In the year2006-07 there was highest credit period that was 3.82 months among
four years and lowest credit period was in the year 2007-08 which was 2.46 months
only.
Credit period of Arvind is almost constant in these 4 consecutive year which is near
about 3.months on average basis.
And last the Wages and Overhead which has same lag period i.e. 1 month. So it
does not create any difference.
Moderate
Current Aggressive
Assets
0 Sales
STRENGHT: WEAKNESS:
A company from prestigious Lalbhai group Situated very far from city
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
My research project has a specified framework for collecting the data in an effective
manner. Such framework is called “Research Design”. The research process which was
followed by me consisted of following steps:
Defining the problem & Research Objectives:- The definition of problem
includes the study of financial system in ITC Ltd.
Developing The Research Plan:- It is very important to research anything we
must know about the its main sources where we get the main information regarding the
research plan the development of research plan has following steps:-
Data Sources:- There are two types of data were taken into consideration i.e.
Secondary data and primary data. The secondary data has been used to make the
analysis because we have no much sufficient time and resources to collect the primary
data.
Secondary data:- secondary data is that data which is collected for other purpose.
This is indirect collection of data from sources containing past or recent past
information like annual report, balance sheet, books, newspapers and magazines etc.
♦As the sales grow, the working capital needs also grow up. Actually it is very
difficult to find out an exact proportion of increase in current assets, as a result of
increase in sales. Advance planning of working capital becomes essential because
current assets will have to be employed even before growth in sales takes place.
Ones sales start increasing, they must be sustained. For this Arvind Limited will
have to expand its production facilities which will require more investments in
fixed assets. This will in turn result in more requirements of turn results of current
assets which will increase working capital needs.
♦The working capital needs of the Arvind Limited increase as it grows in terms of
sales or fixed assets. A growing Arvind Limited may need to invest funds in fixed
assets in order to sustain its growth in production and sales. This will lead to
increase investment in current assets which will result in increase in working
capital needs.
♦The working capital requirement of a firm depends to a great extend on the credit
policy followed by a firm for its debtors. A liberal credit policy followed by a firm
will result in huge funds blocked in debtors which will enhance the need for
working capital.
The need for working capital is also affected by the credit policy allowed by the
Arvind Limited’s creditors. If the creditors are ready to supply material and
goods on liberal credit, working capital requirement are substantially reduced. If
purchases are mainly for cash, working capital needs go up. While planning the
working capital due attention should be given toward the credit policies followed
by the firm and its creditors.
RECOMMENDATION
Having done a detailed study of the financial performance and financial standing
of Arvind Limited, under this project work I would like to make the following
suggestion for the improvement in the financial management of the company, with
special reference to its Working Capital Management.
Arvind Limited is facing increased competition in the market so it will have to adopt
more aggressive working capital management policy in order to increase its
share and sales turnover.
It is observed that the credit period for Debtors is ranging for 30 days to 120
days. I would like to suggest that the maximum credit period should not exceed
90 days.
Company has to maintain sales turnover for that purpose company has to
maintain and increase their working capital.
Gross profit has increasing but net profit has decreasing so that purpose
effectively utilizes and maintain working capital.
CONCLUSION
Working capital is simply current assets minus current liabilities. It's the best
way to judge how much a company has in liquid assets to build its business, fund its
growth, and produce shareholder value.
• The mean percentage of current assets to total assets for the last four years is 40%
which shows decrease in investment of current assets.
• Overheads have increased as compare to the last two years thereby reducing the
profit.
If a company has ample positive working capital, it's is in good shape, with plenty of
cash on hand to pay for everything it might need to buy. But negative working capital
means that the company's current liabilities exceed its current assets, removing its
ability to spend as aggressively as a working-capital-positive peer. All other things
being equal, a company with positive working capital will always outperform a
company without it.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OTHER BOOKS:
Agrawal M.R,
Financial Mnagement, Garima Publications
Pandey I.M,
Financial Management, Mc-Graw Hill Publications
Annual reports of the company for the year 2007-08, 20