dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfn

pnf{jf/L–^, df]/ª  
 

   
cf7f}+ ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg
ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut] zlgjf/

:yfgM k|lti7fgsf] d"Vo sfof{no, pnf{jf/L–^, df]/ª

ldltM @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut] zlgjf/
;b:o ;+VofM %!&
pkl:yt ;b:o ;+VofM @^)
k[i7e"dLM
dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfn hgg]tf dbgs'df/ e08f/Lsf] :d[ltdf @)%) ;fn -;g\ !((#_
df :yflkt ljsf;k|lt ;dlk{t ;fdflhs ;+:yf xf] . of] d'gfkmf/lxt :jzfl;t cljl5Gg
pQ/flwsf/jfnf ;+ul7t ;+:yf xf] . hgg]tfsf] æcfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts / /fhg}lts r]tgf
clejl[4n] dfq ;dfhsf] ;du| kl/jt{g cfpg ;S5Æ eGg] ljrf/nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L o; k|lti7fgn]
cfÇgf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{cfPsf] 5 .
k|lti7fg :yfkgf sfnb]lv dbg e08f/Lsf] ;du| kl/j{tgsf nflu jxfFn] k|j4{g ug'{ePsf] bz{g,
cfbz{, g}lts d"NodfGotf / b[li6sf]0f cg'?k nlIftju{sf] Ifdtf clej[4 tyf :j/f]huf/sf] cj;/
k|bfg u/L :jfjnDa tyf cfocfh{gdf ;d'bfonfO{ ;zQmL/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] k|fljlws lzIff, ;Lkd"ns
tflnd / clwsf/df cfwfl/t ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;
;+:yfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/;Fu;Fu} z}lIfs sfo{qmd, tflnd tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf lqmofsnfkx?df
ljljlws/0f x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ljwfg cg';f/ o; ;+:yfsf] ;jf]{Rr c+u ;fwf/0f;ef /x]sf] / x/]s jif{
;fwf/0f;ef / ltg jif{df gofF sfo{;ldltsf] rog ug]{ ljwfgsf] k|fjwfg cg'?k o; ;+:yfsf] cf7f}+
;fwf/0f;ef @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut] k|lti7fgsf] d'Vo sfof{nosf] k|f·0fdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

pb\3f6g zqM
cf7f}+ ;fwf/0f;efsf ;efdf ;ef;b\x?sf] gfdbtf{sf] sfo{ ljxfg *M))
ah] b]lv ;'? ePsf] lyof] eg] ;fwf/0f;efsf] sfo{qmd ljxfg !)
ah]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . cf7f}+ ;fwf/0f;efnfO{ pb\3f6g zq / aGb
zq b'j} Ps} k6s lg/Gt/ ug]{ hfgsf/L lbb} k|lti7fgsf sfo{;ldltsf
pkfWoIf >L /f]dgfy cf]nLn] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ ePsf] pQm ;efsf]
cWoIftf tyf k|d'v clyltsf] cflyTotf k|lti7fgsf cWoIf >L u'?k|;fb
a/fnn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ljlzi7 clyltsf] ?kdf k|lti7fgsf ;+:yfks
cWoIf >L uf]kfnk|;fb e08f/L /xg' ePsf] lyof] . cf7f}+ ;fwf/0f;efsf] sfo{qmddf clyltsf]
cf;g u|x0f kZrft pQm sfo{qmd kZrft hgg]tf s= dbgs'df/ e08f/L, lhj/fh cfl>t tyf
nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf 1ft c1ft zlxbx? k|lt efjk"0f{ >4fGhnLsf nflu sfo{qmd

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

;~rfnssf] cfu|x cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ ;ef;b nufot pkl:yt cltly Pj+ ;xeflux? cfcfkm\gf]
7fpFaf6 p7]/ Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f ePsf] lyof] . -cltlyx?sf] gfdfjnL cg';"rL ! df /flvPsf]
5_ . df}g wf/0f kZrft hgg]tf dbgs'df/ e08f/Lsf] tl:j/df sfo{qmdsf ;efklt, clylt tyf
;xefuL ;ef;b\x?af6 dfNofk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmd kZrft sfo{qmdsf
;efklt÷k|d'v clylt / ljlzi7 clyltaf6 kfg;df alQ afn]/ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] pb3f6g
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|lti7fgsf sfo{;ldlt ;b:o >L eflu/yf l;6f}nfn] pkl:yt ;ef;b\
tyf cfuGt'sx?nfO{ :jfut dGtJo /fVb} ;d'bfosf ;a} ljkGg ju{n] k|fljlws lzIffsf] clwsf/
kfpg eGg] p2]Zon] k|lti7fgn] sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . o;n] sIff cf7 kf; u/L P;n;L kf; ug{
g;ls ljBfno lar}df 5f8]sf ul/j tyf ljkGg ju{sf o'jfx?nfO{ nIo
u/L nlIft ju{ z}lIfs C0f cGt{ut ;Lkd"ns tyf Joj;flos tflndx?
k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 / o;sf] lqmoflzntfsf] nflu ;a} nflu kg'{ kg]{ eGg'
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|lti7fgsf cWoIf >L u'?k|;fb a/fnn]
k|lti7fgsf nIo, Wo]o, p2]Zo tyf ultljlwx?sf ;fy} k|ult k|ltj]bgdf
;d]6g g;lsPsf ljifodf ;+lIfKt hfgsf/Lx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . jxfFn]
k|lti7fgsf 3f]lift sfo{qmd / pkAwL, cfufdL sfo{lbzf, sfo{lbzf xfl;n
ug{ ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?, / cf7f}+ ;fwf/0f;efsf] p2]Zox?dfly s]lGb|t /x]/
cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQm ug]{ qmddf
• k|lti7fgsf sfo{qmd tyf lqmofsnfkx? clwsf/d"vL k4ltaf6 cl3 a9g' kb{5 .
• k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf nflu w]/} ;+3;+:yfx? /x]sf t/ k|lti7fg lt ;+3 ;+:yf eGbf cnu p2]Zo
/x]sf] nlIft ju{nfO{ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+rflnt /x]sf] 5 .
• ltvf{ nfu]df wf/fdf hfg' eg] h:t} k|ljlw k|fKt ug{ k|lti7fg cfpg' kg]{ jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf
ug'{ kb{5 . To;}n] o;sf] nIo æk|lti7fg nlIft ju{sf] cfzf / e/f];fsf] s]Gb| ePsf] x'g]5 Æ
eg]sf 5f} .
• t/ xfdLn] klxn] b]lv g} 5nkmn / ;xdlt ub}{ cfPsf 5f} dgdf]xg kf]ln6]lSg; / k|lti7fgsf]
sfo{qmdx?df Duplication x'g' x'b}g .
• ztk|ltzt nlIft ju{nfO{ o; cy{df lgMz'Ns lzIff lbG5f} ls k|ljlw l;s] kl5 p;n]
sdfpg' kb{5 / csf]{ nlIft ju{nfO{ ;f] l;k x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kb{5 . To;}n] xfdL eG5f} æl;s,
sfd u/, sdfp / lt/ clg csf]{ Ps ldqnfO{ k|fljlws lzIff k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg u/Æ
• nlIft ju{ z}lIfs C0f sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfloTj ug{ xfdLn] # j6f s'/fdf ljrf/ k'¥ofPsf 5f} .
h;df
!= hnljB'tM hn phf{df z}lIfs C0f sf]ifsf] /sdnfO{ nufgL u/L sf]if clej[l4sf] sfddf
nfUg] .
@= ;fd'bflos agM ;fd'bflos agsf] If]qdf xft]dfnf] h;df ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf dxf;+3n]
p;sf] ;fwf/0f;efaf6 dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfnsf] nlIft ju{ z}lIfs C0f sfo{qmd
/ dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;+sNk ul/;s]sf] 5 .
#= ;/sf/ tyf cGo bft[ lgsfo;Fusf] xft]dfnf]M o; sfo{qmddf ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if dfq geP/
PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s, ljZj a}+snfO{ ;d]tnfO{ ;xof]usf nflu kxn ePsf] ;fy} lzIff
dGqfnonfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f / ;xsfo{sf nflu 3R3RofO{Psf] / o;df plgx? ;xdt x'b}

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

cfpsf 5g\ . b]z leqsf cg'ejx?sf ;kmn gd"gfx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] larf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf
xfd|f] c8fg /x]sf] 5 .
• k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnosf] ;+rfngsf] ;Gb{edf ;fj{hlgs ljBfnox?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
s/f}8f}sf] ;DklQ !) b]lv $ ah]sf] ;do ;Dd dfq ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5 . o:tf
k"jf{wf/x?nfO{ xfdLn] k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 .
• k|To]s uflj;÷gu/sf] j8fsf] s'g} Ps 5flgPsf] ;fj{hlgs ljBfnodf k|fljlws tflnd s]Gb|,
kfFr uflj;÷gu/kflnsf a/fa/ Pp6f 6«]8 :s"n, !% uflj;df Ps 6]lSgsn :s"n, k|To]s
lhNnfdf Ps kf]ln6]lSgS;sf] k|j{4g ug]{ sfddf nfUg' h?/L /x]sf] 5 . o; ;Gb{edf
gu/kflnsf ;+3 g]kfnn] ;}4flGts ;xdlt hgfO{ ;s]sf] 5 eg] . lhlj; dxf;+3 / uflj;
dxf;+3df pQm k|:tfj cufl8 a9fpg] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .
• xfd|f] nfdf] ;do b]lvsf] k|of; kl5 k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgfsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/
;xdt eO{ lgltut lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . )^%÷^^ sf] sfo{qmd tyf ah]6af6 dWoklZrdf~rn
ljsf; If]qdf k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno :yfkgfsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . lgs6 eljiodf xfdL Tof]
sfo{nfO{ k'/f ug]{ 5f} . k|f/Dedf dWoklZrdf~rnsf] # j6} c~rnx?df k|fljlBs lzIffsf]
sfo{qmd yfnlgsf ;fy} g]kfn el/ o;nfO{ km}nfpgsf] nflu xfdL nfUg' kg]{ 5 .
• k|lti7fg4f/f ;+rflnt a[xt kz'ljsf; cleofgnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L k|lti7fgn] Joj;flos s[lif ljsf;
cleofgnfO{ df]/ª lhNnfsf] @& j6f uflj;df b'O{ r/0fsf]
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/;s]sf] 5 . s[ifsx?sf] :jfldTjdf s[lif
sDkgL lgdf{0f ug'{ kb{5 eGg] xfd|f] ;kgfnfO{ ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf]
dfWodaf6 ;kmn agfpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . cj o; cleofgnfO{
cufl8 a9fpb} s[lifdf Joj;flos s/0faf6 s[ifsx?sf] lhjg :t/ p7fpg sfd ug'{ 5 .
• gd"gf uflj;sf] ljsf;sf] p2]ZonfO{ k'/f ug{ O{6x/faf6 sfo{ yfngL ePsf] 5 . h;df
dbgsf] 3/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf] ;fy} ljleGg r/0fdf 5nkmn tyf cGtlqmofx? ;+rfng
ePsf] 5 . pnf{jf/LnfO{ ;'Gb/ gd"gf uflj; lgdf{0fsf nflu k|of; hf/L /x]sf] 5 eg]
tfKn]h'·sf] 9'·];f3'sf nflu sDKo'6/ lzIff, ;f]nf/ 8«fo/, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf nflu s]lx
k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ .
• dbg e0f8/Lsf] ljrf/x?sf] ;+/If0f, k|j4{g / sb/ ub}{ dbg e08f/L :d[lt u|Gy
klxnf] efusf] k|sfzg ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5f} . To;} u/L kmf]6f] k':ts k|sfzgsf]
k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 . dbgsf] ljeT; xTof ePsf] bf;9'·fsf] ;+/If0f / k|j{4gsf]
sfdsf] nflu xft]dfnf] z'? ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu ljifout lj1x?sf] ;d"x
lgdf{0f ul/ sDa/ s;]/ ;a} ;b:ox? nfUg' kg]{5 .
dfly p7fO{Psf ;jfnx?af/]df cfhsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ;3g?kdf 5nkmn xf]; /
o;af/] lbzflgb]{z xf]; eGg' eof] .

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

!(* hgf gofF ;b:otf ljt/0f kZrft cfjxfg ePsf] o; ;fwf/0f ;efdf gofF ;b:ox?sf]
pkl:ylt pT;fxk|b ?kdf b]lvPsf] lyof] .
dfOGo'6 n]vg ax; gf]6 dfOGo'6 k|dfl0ft
cWoIfsf] k|:t'lt kZrft ;+rfnsn] /fwfs[i0f vgfn aGw' lg/f}nf nlId ;fksf]6f
dfOGo'6 n]vg, ax; gf]6 / dfOGo'6 /ljg e§/fO{ ;+hf]u n'O{6]n nlId e08f/L
k|dfl0ft ;ldltnfO{ cfcfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L af]w/fh l3ld/] ch'{g vltj8f u+uf jf:tf]nf
lnOlbg cfu|x ug'{ eof] . lktfDa/ bxfn
k|]d pkfWofo

bf];|f] tyf sfo{qmd k|:t'lt / 5nkmn zqM

pQm sfo{qmd kZrft k|lti7fgsf ;lrj >L o'j/fh sfo{qmd k|ltj]bgdf k|:t't d'Vo a'bfx?
e§/fO{4f/f k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ eof] . != d'Vo sfo{If]q, To;sf] kl/ro / sfo{
k|ult
;ljr Ho"sf] k|:t'lt kZrft pnf{jf/L uflj; ;ljr @= /0fgLlts of]hgf
tyf k|lti7fgsf ;b:o >L howd{ cfrf{on] #= ;b:otf ljt/0f
;fwf/0f;efsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub}{ $= cfly{s >f]t, ;xof]uL tyf ;fem]bf/
k|lti7fgn] k|j4{g u/]sf sfo{x? k|z+;lgo /x]sf] / ;+:yfx?
%= dfgj ;+;fwg
gd"gf ufpF ljsf;, ;fd'bflos c:ktfnsf ;fy} ^= a}7s, ;fwf/0f;ef ;DaGwL ljj/0f
;fd'bflos ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx?df lg/Gt/ ;xsfo{ &= sl7gfO{ tyf r'gf}ltx?
/xg] egfO{ JoQm ug'{ eof] . *= cf=j= )^%÷^^ sf] sfo{of]hgf

pnf{jf/L uflj; ;lrj howd{ cfrfo{sf] z'esfdgf cfly{s k|ltj]bgdf k|:t't d'Vo a'bfx?
dGtJo kZrft k|lti7fgsf sf]ifWoIf >L e"kfn lhdL != cf=j= )^$÷^% sf] cfo Joo
/fO{af6 )^$÷^% sf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg tyf )^%÷^^ @= cf=j= )^%÷^^ cg'dflgt cfo tyf Joo
sf] cg'dflgt jh]6 k|:t't ePsf] lyof] . h;df #= cf=j= )^#÷^$ / )^$÷^% n]vf
axfFsf] cfu|xdf k|lti7fgsf n]vf clws[t d]3/fh kl/If0f k|ltj]bg
>LkfnLn] cfly{s jif{ )^#÷^$ / )^$÷^% sf] n]vf kl/If0fsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

k|:t't cfly{s k|ltj]bg kZrft n]vf tyf cg'udg n]vf tyf cg'udg k|ltj]bsf d'Vo a'bfx?
;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs >L s[i0fk|;fb != xfdL uf}/jflGjt eof}
@= ;sf/fTds kIf
bxfnn] k|:t't ug'{ eof] . #= ;'wf/fTds kIf
$= n]vf tyf cg'udg lgb]{lzsf
pQm k|:t'lt kZrft g]ksf Pdfn]sf sf]zL c~rn %= cfGtl/s n]vf kl/If0f
;dGjo sld6Lsf ;lrj tyf k|lti7fgsf ;b:o >L ^= cfrf/ ;+lxtf
/fh]Gb| uf}tdn] ;fwf/0f;efsf] ;kmntfsf]
z'esfdgf / k|:t't k|ltj]bgdfly cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ eof] . jxfFn] k|lti7fgn] a[xt kz'
ljsf; cleofgsf nflu k|fKt u/]sf] k|z+;fkq klg ;efnfO{ jfrg ul/
;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
jxfFn] /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] cfwf/df xfn;Ddsf] k|ult ljj/0f pNn]v
x'g' kg]{ . dbg e08f/L ;fd'bflos c:ktfnnfO{ O6x/Ldf k|j4{g ug'{sf

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

nflu ;f]Rg' kg]{ lsgsL Tolt 7"nf] ahf/df s'g} klg c:ktfn gePsf] o;af6 Toxfsf hgtf
k|ToIf nfeflGjt x'g] 5g\ . hgg]tf dbg s'df/ e08f/L g]kfnsf k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf cu|0fL
x'g'x'G5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf dbgsf ljrf/x? Ps kl5 csf]{ :yflkt x'b} uPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL
klg hjhsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotfnfO{ k5\ofpb} cfPsf 5g\ .
dbgsf] k|ljlws lzIffsf] k|j{4gn] dfq ;du| ljsf; x'g ;Sb5 eGg] ljrf/nfO{ ;kmn agfpg
nfUg' ePsf ;b:o, ;'elrGts, sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ wGojfb lbb}
;wf/0f;efsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ eof] .

pQm z'esfdgf dGtJo kZrft sfo{qmd ;+rfnsn] gofF ;b:tf k|fKt ug]{ ;b:ox?sf] k|df0fkq
gfdfjnL btf{ ug]{ 6]jnaf6 lnb} vfgf vfg] ;do ePsf] x'gfn] Ps 306f kZrft sfo{qmd k'g
;+rfng x'g] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .

k|:t't k|ltj]bg dfly ;'emfj tyf l6Kk0fLM

vfgf kZrftsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+rfnsn] k'g ;+rfng ub}{ k|:t't k|ltj]bg lh1f;f tyf
dfly ;'emfj tyf l6Kk0fL ePdf /fVgsf nflu !) ldg]6sf] ;do l6Kk0fLsf nflu gfd
leqdf ax; gf]6 ;ldltdf gfd btf{ u/fpgsf cg'/f]w ug'{ eof] . btf{ ug]{x?
!= sdn sfkm\n]
o; ljrdf k|lti7fgaf6 ;fd'bflos s[lif ;xfos / ;fd'bflos @= an/fd uh'/]n
kz';xfos tflndsf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|df0fkq ljt/0fsf] sfo{ cufl8 #= d'lQm a/fn
a9fpgsf nflu s[lif lj1fg tyf kz' :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf k|d'v dlgif $= nlId ;fksf]6f
s'df/ 7fs'/nfO{ cfdGq0f ub}{ ;+rfnsn] 8\of; x:tfGt/0f ug'{ eof] .

;fd'bflos s[lif ;xfos / ;fd'bflos s[lif ;xfos tflndsf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ k|f=8f= vu]Gb|
cfrfo{n] k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug'{ eof] . k|df0fkq ljt/0f kZrft ;fd'bflos kz' ;xfos /
;fd'bflos s[lif ;xfos tflndaf/] dlgif s'df/ 7fs'/n] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

k|df0fkq ljt/0f sfo{qmd kZrft lh1f;f tyf l6Kk0fLsf nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfnsn] qmdz
cg'/f]w ug'{ eof] . h;sf] ;f/;+If]k o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
• ;ftf} ;fwf/0f;efdf w]/} ljjfb eO{ xfnsf] ;ldlt ag]sf] 5 . aflx/ g/fd|f xNnf eP
xNnf eP cg';f/ jf:tljstf s] /x]5 egL gofF ;ldltn] kQf nufPsf] s'/f s] xf],
hfgsf/L eP /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .
• a]?h' w]/} b]lvG5 o; af/] ;dodf g} Wofg k'¥ofpg h?/L 5 .
• lgdf{0f sfo{df clgoldttf ePsf] 5 egL ahf/df w]/} xNnf 5 . dgbsf] gfddf :yflkt
;+:yfsf] af/]df o:tf] xNnf ;'lgg' /fd|f] xf]O{g . o;af/] oyft{ vf]hljg x'g' kb{5 .
• ;fwf/0f;efsf] lgdGq0fkq k|fKt ePg ls o;kfln b]lv lbg 5f]l8Psf] xf] <
• sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 ;fwf/0f;efsf] kq ;+u} jf !% lbg cufj} xftdf cfPdf o;nfO{
/fd|/L cWoog u/L ;'emfj tyf /fo k|:t't ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] .

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

• z}lIfs shf{af6 utjif{x?df cfDbfgL x'GYof] o; jif{ lsg x'g ;s]g < To;} u/L shf{
c;'nLsf] cj:yf s] 5 hfgsf/L x'g' kb{5 .
• hnljB'tdf cl3Nnf] nufgLsf] k|ltkmnsf] cj:yf s] 5 o;af/] cWoog geO{ km]/L csf]{df
? @% nfv nugL lsg ul/of] <
• lnnfd ljlqm ug]{ j:t' k|lti7fgdf geP/ xf] ls lnnfdaf6 s'g} cfDbfgL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
• utjif{sf] cg'dflgt ah]6 eGbf oyf{t vr{ sd ePsf] cj:yfdf klg lsg cem yk ul/
ljlgof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] k'i6\ofO{ st} b]lvPg .
• tnjdf Ps} k|ltztn] ;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] a[l4 x'bf tNnf txsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ dfsf{ kg]{
s'/fnfO{ lsg ljrf/ ul/Pg .
• ;fdflhs n]vf kl/If0f h:tf] /fd|f] sfdsf ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf sfd lsg ug{ ;lsPg <
• cfsl:ds vr{ lsg, sxfF / s;sfnflu eof] hfgsf/L x'g' kb{5 .
• ;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/ h:tf] xf};nfbflo sfdnfO{ lsg ug{ ;lsPg . o:tf] sfd olx
;fwf/0f;efsf] cj;/ kf/]/ klg ug{ ;lsGYof] .
• z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf pTkfbgx?sf] l:ylt s] 5 < c? k|fljlws lzIffnosf] t'ngfdf xfd|f]
l:ylt s] xf] <
• nlIft ju{ z}lIfs C0f sfo{qmd cGt{ut sltn] tflnd k|fKt u/] < sltn] C0f lkmtf{ ug{
yfn] hfgsf/L eP /fd|f] x'GYof] .
• ef}lts ;fdu|Lx?sf] clen]lvs/0f ul/of]; .
• a[Qlrq s] eof] < tof/ ePsf] eP x]g{ kfpF .
• k|ltj]bg k'l:tsf /fd|f] / k7lgo 5 t/ klg efiffdf eGbf a'+bfdf eP /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .
• cl86 l/kf]{6df k|fljlws uNtLx? 5g\ ;'wf/sf nflu ;DalGwt ;flynfO{ ;'emfj lbof]; .
• ;fwf/0f;efdf dlxnf ;xeflutf sd 5 .
• k|lti7fgn] cfkm\gf] sfo{of]hgfdf o'jf ;DaGwL sfo{qmd yk ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
• n]vf ;ldltn] lx;fj x]/]g, cfFvfn] b]v]sf] ;Dd n]v]sf] 5 .
• ;'ljwf / >f]t kof{Kt Nofp t/ a]lx;fj vr{ gu/f}+ .

dflysf lh1f;fx?dflysf] hjfkm eGbf klxn] k|lti7fgsf lgjt{dfg pkfWoIf

tyf dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno k|j4{g ;ldltsf ;+of]hs >L
/d]zrGb| kf}8]nn] dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnosf af/]df hfgsf/L
lbb} eGg' eof] . æn]6f· 3f]if0ffkqsf] dfu{ lgb]{zg cg';f/ ;ft jif{ leqdf
k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno :yfkgf eO{ ;Sg' kg]{ 5 . o; ljZjljBfnon]
jt{dfg lzIff k4ltn] ;d]6g g;s]sf lar}df ljBfno 5f8]sf o'jfx?nfO{
kl/nlIft u/]sf] 5 . ljZjljBfnon] Jojxf/Ls 1fgaf6 ljz]if1tf xfl;n
ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/0f k]z ug{ rfx]sf] xf] . Æ

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnosf] af/]sf] hfgsf/L kZrft cfly{s ljifo;Fu

;DalGwt ;'emfj tyf lh1f;fx?af/] k|lti7fgsf sf]iffWoIf >L e"kfn lhdL /fO{af6 hkmfj
lbg] sfd eof] h;dfM
• of] k|lti7fg cfh cfkm} lx8\g ;Ifd ePsf] 5 . oxfFx?sf] ;'emfj tyf ;xof]un]
o;nfO{ bu'/fpgsf nflu ;xof]u k'Ub5 . o;sf nflu oxfFx?nfO{ wGojfb .
• !% lbg cufj} k|ltj]bg k'u]sf] eP x'GYof] eGg] ;DaGwdf of] ;xL 5 . cfufdL
jif{df of] s'/f nfu' ug{ xfdL k|ltj4 5f}F .
• ;dfg tna eQf a[l4 lzif{sdf w]/} s'/f p7] . oL hfoh x'g\ . z'? b]lv g}
k|fljlws q'l6 5 . cfufdL lbgdf o;af/] 5nkmn x'g] 5 .
• n]6fË 3f]if0ff kqn] tf]s]sf] b/aGbL yk ug'{ kbf{ tna lzif{sdf vr{ a9]sf] 5 .
• b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQfdf ut jif{ eGbf o; jif{ !# k|ltztn] 36fPsf] 5 .
ah]6df ePsf] vr{ ug}{ k5{ eGg] 5}g .
• d;nGb 5kfO{df 6«]8x?df k|d'v sfof{noaf6 5fkLg] ePsf]n] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
k':ts 5fKbf nfu]sf] /sd o;}df ;+nUg 5 .
• sDKo'6/ lzIffsf nflu ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g tyf OG6/g]6 vr{ a9fO{Psf] xf] .
• 3/ef8f k'gM ;Demf}tf ug'{kbf{ a9L ltg'{kg]{ ePsf]n] j[l4 ul/Psf] xf] .
• dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg tflnd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] of]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] .
• p7\g'kg]{ /sd p7fpg of] jif{ k|of; ul/g] 5 . bftfsf] cfly{s jif{ / xfd|f]
cfly{s jif{ km/s x'g] ePsf] x'gfn] s]xL j9L b]lvPsf] 5 . -lj:t[t ljj/0f
cg';"lr @_

k|lti7fgsf sfo{qmd tyf k|ult ljj/0f ;DaGwdf p7]sf ;'emfj tyf lh1f;fsf af/]df
cWoIf >L u'?k|;fb a/fnn] hjfkm lbb} lgDg s'/fx? /fVg' eof] .

• lxhf]sf sdL sdhf]/L lgotj; eP ;'wfg{ ;w} k|oTg/t 5f}+ .

• lgdf{0f ;fdu|L;Fu ;DalGwt klg o;} cg'?k s'g} sdhf]/L e]6LP ;"rgf ug{ cg'/f]w 5 .
• lrÝL ;a}lt/ k'¥ofpg' k5{ . slx st} gk'u]sf] eP oyf]lrt Ifdf rfxfG5' . cjsf
lbgdf k|lti7fg lbj; lgwf{/0f u/L ;f]xL lbg ;fwf/0f ;wf ul/g] .
• z}lIfs C0fdf ePsf nufgLsf] /sd c;'nL x'b} uPsf] 5 . ljBfyL{x?nfO{ /f]huf/L
lbO{ of] ;+:yfdf hDdf ug]{ k|lqmof z'? eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . h;sf nflu /f]huf/bftf
;+3;+:yfx?;Fu ;Dk{s / ;dGjosf] sfd cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .
• hf]lvd sd x'g] u/L sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug]{, u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug]{ ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf
5g\ . of] c;fWo} /fd|f] 5 .
• an/fd ;/n] olt 5f]6f] ;dodf Jojl:yt ?kn] ljZn]if0f ug'{ePsf] 5 pxfFnfO{
wGojfb 5 .
• xfdLn] Odfg b]vfPsf 5f}F . vr{ gePsf] /sd ;'/lIft /fVg] 5f}F .

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

• dbg e08f/Lsf] larf/ cg'?k sfd ug]{ lbzfdf xfdL nflu/x]sf 5f}F . jxfFsf
ljrf/nfO{ cl3 j9fpgsf nflu w]/} tof/L ul/Psf] 5 .
• ;fdflhs n]vf kl/If0f lg/Gt/ ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5' . o;df n]vf tyf cg'udg
;ldltn] lgb]{lzsf tof/L / cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ o; k6s ;Dej ePg .

dflysf lh1f;fx?sf] hjfkm;+u} jxfFn] cfly{s jif{ )^#÷^$ / )^$÷^% sf] n]vf
kl/If0fsf] k|ltj]bg, cfly{s jif{ )^$÷^% sf] sfo{qmd k|ult k|ltj]bg, cfly{s jif{
)^%÷^^ sf] cg'dflgt jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd / n]vf tyf cg'udg ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bgnfO{ cg'df]g ug{ xnnfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{ eof] h; cg'?k ;fwf/0f;efn] o;nfO{
;j{;Ddtn] ;d{yg hgfPsf] lyof] .

o; sfo{;Fu} cWoIf u'?k|;fb a/fnn] ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
clytL, ;ef;b\, dfGo'6 n]vg ;ldlt, dfGo'6 k|dfl0ft ;ldlt, ax; gf]6 ;ldlt,
sd{rf/L tyf cGo ;j}nfO{ wGojfb tyf cfef/ k|s6 ub}{} ;wf/0f;ef ;dfkg ePsf]]
hfgs/L u/fpb} ;ef lj;{hg ug'{ eof] .

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

cg';"lr !
;fwf/0f;efsf cltlyx?sf] gfdfjnL
gfd ;+:yf÷7]ufgf
>L u'?k|;fb a/fn cWoIf, dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfn, pnf{jf/L
-k|d'v clylt tyf ;efklt_
>L uf]kfnk|;fb e08f/L ;+:yfks cWoIf, dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfn, pnf{jf/L
-ljlzi7 clylt_
>L lqnf]s g]pkfg] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfn, pnf{jf/L
-clylt_
>L b]j]Gb| bxfn ;b:o, dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfn, pnf{jf/L
-clylt_ ;lrj g]skf Pdfn] lhNnf sld6L emfkf
>L howd{ cfrf{o ;lrj, pnf{jf/L uflj;
-clylt_
>L v8u axfb'/ a:g]t k"j{ ;efklt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt df]/ª
-clylt_
k|f= 8f= vu]Gb| cfrfo{ k"jf{~rn ;+of]hs, dgdf]xg kf]ln6]lSgS;, xflQd'8f
-clylt_
>L dl0fs'df/ cof{n cWoIf, g]kfn u|fld0f ljsf; s]Gb|, lj/f6gu/
-clylt_
>L /d]z rGb| kf}8n ] k"j{ d]o/ lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf
-clylt_
>L /fh]Gb| uf}td ;lrj g]skf Pdfn] sf]zL c~rn ;dGjo sld6L
-clylt_
>L lhjg l3ld/] ;b:o g]skf Pdfn] sf]zL c~rn ;dGjo sld6L
-clylt_

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

cg';"rL @
k|:t't sfo{qmd tyf ah]6dfly ;'emfj tyf lh1f;fx?
sdn sfkm\n]
• ;fwf/0f ;ef -;ftf}F_ df w]/} ljjfb eO{ xfnsf] ;ldlt ag]sf] lyof] . aflx/ xNnf eP
cg';f/ jf:tljs s] /x]5 egL gofF ;ldltn] kQf nufPsf] s'/f s] xf], h] eP /fd|f] x'g]
lyof] .
• lgdf{0f sfo{df clgoldttf ePsf] 5 egL ahf/df w]/} xNnf 5 . dgbsf] gfddf :yflkt
;+:yfsf] af/]df o:tf] xNnf ;'lgg' /fd|f] xf]O{g . o;af/] oyft{ vf]hljg x'g' kb{5 .

an/fd uh'/]n
• ;a}nfO{ xflb{s clejfbg .
• lr¶L kfOg, s] ePsf] xf], zfob /fd|f] Joj:yfkg ePsf] xf]nf .
• ah]6df l6Kk0fL ug{ rfxG5' . !% lbg cl3 ah]6 k'l:tsf k'Ug' k5{ . t'?Gt} l6Kk0fL
ug'{kbf{ jf ;'emfj lbg' kbf{ sl7g x'g ;S5 .
• cfDbfgLdf lzif{s tkm{sf] cg'dfg eGbf sd x'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < h:t} lzif{s g+=% / ====
z}lIfs shf{sf] cJoj:yf s] xf] < lsg c;'nL x'g ;s]g < xfO8«f]df nufgLsf] k"j{ cj:yf
s] xf] < kmfO{bf s] ePsf] 5 < lgSof}{n geO{ km]/L @% nfv nufgL lsg cg'dfg ul/of] <
• laqmL lnnfd ug]{ a:t' k|lti7fgdf 5}gg\ < laqmLaf6 s'g} lsl;dsf] cfo cg'dfg ul/Psf]
5}g .
• j9L ah]6 lsg tof/ ul/of] .
• vr{sf] k'i6\ofO{ rflxof] <
• tnadf cToflws vr{ j[l4 ePsf] 5, o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
• tnadf Ps} k|ltztn] j[l4 x'Fbf ;fgf sd{rf/LnfO{ sdf{df kf5{ . t;y{ Pp6} c+sn]
;j}sf] ;dfg j[l4 xf]; .
• Xf; s§L sf]if 5'§} vftfdf /fvLof]; . hlt Xf; s§L ul/Psf] 5, TotL g} /sd hDdf
ug'{k5{ .
• b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQfdf vr{sf] bf]Aj/ eGbf a9L cg'dfg lsg ul/of] <
• d;nGb tyf 5kfO{{ vr{df ah]6 eGbf a9L vr{ ePsf] 5 .
• ah]6 lgdf{0f ubf{ oyfy{sf] glhs /lx agfpg' k5{ . ah]6 lgdf{0f ubf{ !)–!% k|ltzt
jf d'b|f l:kmtLnfO{ Wofg lbP/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
• kmf]6f]skL, km\ofS;df ePsf] j[l4 c;fGble{s 5 .
• OGwg tyf ;jf/Ldf klg a9L cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

• 6]nLkmf]gdf klg %*,))).– cg'dfg a9L ul/Psf] 5 . k'i6\ofO{ s] xf] <

• ljB't dxz'ndf k|:tfj u/]eGbf a9L lsg k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] ;'lgPsf] lyof] . o;/L ljB't
;fdu|L k|of]u ug{ lbg] / k|lti7fgn] dxz'n ltb}{ hfg] xf] eg] s] x'G5 l:ylt <
• Od]n÷OG6/g]6df oyfy{ eGbf % u'0ff a9L vr{ cg'dfg ul/of] <
• 3/ef8fdf ;+emf}tf cg';f/ e'StfgL ul/g] ePsf]n] lsg cGoflws a9L cg'dfg ul/G5 <
• ;fn]k lsg ug{ ;lsPg < !),))) ah]6 cg'dfg u/]klg vr{ ;'Go eof] .
• au}rf Joj:yfkgdf au}rfdf vrP ePsf] 5}g . zflns lgdf{0f ug{ lsg ;lsPg <
• sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] g} k|:tfj tyf k|ltj]bg n]vg ug]{ eg]/ pSt kb ;[hgf ul/Psf] lyof]
. clxn] km]/L lsg ;+efJotf cWoogdf vr{ /flvG5 <
• sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg vr{ /flvPsf] xf] < d}n] a'em\g ;lsg <
• k|sfzgdf ePsf] vr{ cg'dfg eGbf a9L lsg eof] <
• cfsl:ds vr{ lsg, slt sxfF eof] < hfgsf/L rflxof] .
• j[4 j[4fx?nfO{ oxL cj;/df k'/:sf/ / ;+Ddfg ug{ ;lsb}g <
• z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf pTkfbgx?sf] l:ylt s] 5 < c? k|fljlws lzIffnosf] t'ngfdf xfd|f]
l:ylt s] 5 < slt cuf8L 5f}F :ki6 x'g'k¥of] .
• k':ts tyf kf7\o;fdu|Lsf ;DjGwdf clws vr{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] /x]5 . lxhf] x/fPsf
k':tsx?sf af/]df s] eof] < c;'n pk/ eof] ls ePg <
• sfof{no vr{df &)) k|ltzt j[l4 ul/Psf] 5 < lsg <
• ;jf/L;fwg vl/b ug]{ s'/f 5 < ldtJolotf ckgfpg' k5{ <

;fd'bflos ljsf; tkm{M

s_ ;zlSts/0fdf cg'dfg eGbf j9L vr{ ePsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmddf ;kmnLe"t pbfx/0f
rflxof] .
v_ Plss[t kz' pkxf/ sfo{qmdsf af/]df s]xL s'/f 5g\ . gZn ;'wf/ s] stL eof], Tof]
k|ltj]bg rflxof] . tYofÍ rflxof] .
u_ nlIft ju{ z}lIfs C0f sfo{qmd cGt/ut slr n] k9], lstn] lt/] < slt lkmtf{ eof],
hfgsf/L rflxof] <
3_ ef}lts ;fdu|Lsf] clen]vLs/0f ul/of]; .
ª_ aSof}tfsf af/] :ki6 xf]; .
r_ j[Q lrq s] eof] < x]g{ kfpmF .
5_ k]ZsL /sd lsg tfgLof] . cf=a=sf] cGTodf km\5of}{6 ul/of]; .
;do k|bfg ul/Psf]df wGojfb ;lxt ljbf .
d'lQm a/fn
• d @ s'/f eG5' .
• %–& lbg clw g} sfo{qmd lbg' k¥of] .

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]
 

• dlgif 7fs'/n] ;fwf/0f ;ef 5 eg]/ cfPsf], yfxf lyPg ;b:osf] /]s8{ b'?:t xf]; .

nIdL ;fksf]6f
• :6]hdf /f]i6d xf]rf] xf]; .
• k|ltj]bg k'l:tsf /fd|f] 5, k7gLof] 5 . efiffdf eGbf a'Fbfdf xf]; .
• cl86 l/kf]6{ ;'wf/ xf]; . k|fljlws uNtL x'g\, ;DalGwt ;flynfO{ ;'emfa lbg cg'/f]w 5 .
• dlxnf ;xeflutf a9f]; .
• o'jf ;DaGwL sfo{qmd yk xf]; .
• sfo{of]hgf slxn] aGof] < c;f/ d;fGt leq sfo{of]hgf / ah]6 agf]; .
• n]vf ;ldltn] lx;fa x]/]g, cfFvfn] b]v]sf] ;Dd n]v]sf] 5 . ;+ej / c;+ej 5'6\ofO{
lbof]; .
• ;'ljwf ;|f]t kof{Kt NofpFm, a]lx;fj gu/f}F .
• sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg eGg] zAbdf låljwf eP h:tf] 5 .

cf7f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] k|ltj]bg

ldlt @)^% d+l;/ !$ ut]