Lab Manual 1 Flow Chart Repaired)

Lab Manual
Fundamentals of Algorithms
CS – 201
Instructor
Ms. Saher Naqi
Submitted By
Mr. Muhammad. Irfan Arshad
Roll Number: 1387
BS – CS (3rd Semester)
College of Computer Sciences and Information Studies

Page 2 of 8 cs-102
BS (cs) - Lab Manual

Lab 1: Flowcharts
Government College University, Faisalabad.
Problem’s Solution Via Flowchart

Problem Statement 1:
A student appears in an examination that consists of total
10 subjects, each subject having maximum marks of 100. The roll number of the
student, his name, and the marks obtained by him in various subjects is supplied as
input data. Such a collection of related data items that is treated as a unit is known
as a record. Draw a flow chart for the algorithm to calculate the percentage marks
obtained by the student in this examination and then to print it along with his roll
number and name.
START
Enter Roll #
& Name
Enter a Subject
Obtained Marks
Loop 10 times Add Ten Subject Marks Of

Each Student
& loop 10 times
Calculate a Percentages Of Each

Student Percentages =(Obtain
marks/Total marks)*100
Display a Loop 10 times

Percentages Along
With Roll# & Name
STOP
10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

Page 3 of 8 cs-102

Lab 1: Flowcharts
50 students of a class appear in the problem 1. Draw a
flowchart for the algorithm to calculate and print the percentage marks obtained by
each student along with his roll number.
START
Enter a Roll#,
Name &marks
Calculate a Percentages of Loop 50 times

Each Student
Loop 50 time
Loop 50 times
Display a
Percentages Along
With Roll# & Name
STOP

Page 4 of 8 cs-102

Lab 1: Flowcharts
Draw a flow chart of the logical steps needed to produce
a printed listing of all students over the age of 20 in a class. The input records
contain the name and age of the students. Assume an initial value of 99 for the age
field.
START
Enter a Name
& age
If
Yes
age >20
Process on data
Display name
&age
STOP

Page 5 of 8 cs-102

Lab 1: Flowcharts
Draw a flowchart of the logical steps needed to print the
name and age of the oldest and the youngest student in a class. The input records
contain the name and age of the students.
START
Enter a Name
& age
Check which
Youngest student is Oldest
young which
is old
Process on data Process on data

& loop & loop
Display Young Display Young

name &age name &age
STOP

Page 6 of 8 cs-102

Lab 1: Flowcharts
A set of examination papers which have been graded with
scores from 0 to 100 is to be searched to find how many of them are above 90. The
total is to be printed.
START
Enter scores
(0-100)
Yes If Loop
scores
>90
No
Add total marks
Display total
marks
STOP

Page 7 of 8 cs-102

Lab 1: Flowcharts
Solution of Review Questions:

What is a flowchart?
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process,
showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows.
This diagrammatic representation can give a step-by-step solution to a given problem. Data is
represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow / direction of flow
of data. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or
program in various fields.
How does a flowchart help a programmer in program development?
The flowchart is a means of visually presenting the flow of data through
an information processing systems, the operations performed within the system and the sequence
in which they are performed. In this lesson, we shall concern ourselves with the program
flowchart, which describes what operations (and in what sequence) are required to solve a given
problem. The program flowchart can be likened to the blueprint of a building. As we know a
designer draws a blueprint before starting construction on a building. Similarly, a programmer
prefers to draw a flowchart prior to writing a computer program . Flow chart is pictorial
representation of the flow of the program, algorithm is step by step procedure to solve a given
problem.
What are the characteristics necessary for a sequence of instructions to
qualify as an algorithm?
Algorithms are essential to the way computers process information, because a
computer program is essentially an algorithm that tells the computer what specific steps to
perform (in what specific order) in order to carry out a specified task, such as calculating
employees' paychecks or printing students' report cards. Thus, an algorithm can be considered to
be any sequence of operations which can be performed by a Turing-complete system. Therefore,
while designing an algorithm care should be taken to provide a proper termination for
algorithm. Thus, every algorithm should have the following five characteristic features
1.Input
2.Output
3.Definiteness
4.Effectiveness
5.Termination
Therefore, an algorithm can be defined as a sequence of definite and effective instructions, which
terminates with the production of correct output from the given input.

Page 8 of 8 cs-102

Lab 1: Flowcharts
In other words, viewed little more formally, an algorithm is a step by step formalization of a
mapping function to map input set onto an output set.
Describe the function of the various flowcharting symbols?
Symbol Symbol Symbol Description

Name
(alias)
Process Show a Process or action step. This is the most

common symbol in both process flowcharts and
business process maps.
Predefined A Predefined Process symbol is a marker for another
Process process step or series of process flow steps that are
(Subroutine) formally defined elsewhere. This shape commonly
depicts sub-processes (or subroutines in programming
flowcharts). If the sub-process is considered "known"
but not actually defined in a process procedure, work
instruction, or some other process flowchart or
documentation, then it is best not to use this symbol
since it implies a formally defined process.
Flow Line Flow line connectors show the direction that the
(Arrow, process flows.
Connector)
Decision Indicates a question or branch in the process flow.
Typically, a Decision flowchart shape is used when
there are 2 options (Yes/No, No/No-Go, etc.)
Connector Flowchart: In flowcharts, this symbol is typically

(Inspection) small and is used as a Connector to show a jump from
one point in the process flow to another. Connectors
are usually labeled with capital letters (A, B, AA) to
show matching jump points. They are handy for
avoiding flow lines that cross other shapes and flow
lines. They are also handy for jumping to and from
sub-processes defined in a separate area than the main
flowchart.
Process Mapping: In process maps, this symbol is
full sized and shows an Inspection point in the process

Page 9 of 8 cs-102

Lab 1: Flowcharts
flow.
[Just to confuse things further, some people will use a

circle to indicate an operation and a square to indicate
an inspection. That's why it's important to include a
symbol key in the flowchart.]
Data The Data flowchart shape indicates inputs to and
(I/O) outputs from a process. As such, the shape is more
often referred to as an I/O shape than a Data shape.
What is a record?
In computer data processing, a record is a collection of data items arranged

for processing by a program. Multiple records are contained in afield or data set. The
organization of data in the record is usually prescribed by the programming language that defines
the record's organization and/or by the application that processes it. Typically, records can be of
fixed-length or be of variable length with the length information contained within the record.

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Lab Manual

College of Computer Sciences and Information Studies

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

Problem’s Solution Via Flowchart

Loop 10 times Add Ten Subject Marks Of

Calculate a Percentages Of Each

Display a Loop 10 times

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

Calculate a Percentages of Loop 50 times

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

Process on data Process on data

Display Young Display Young

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

Solution of Review Questions:

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

Describe the function of the various flowcharting symbols?

Symbol Symbol Symbol Description

Process Show a Process or action step. This is the most

Connector Flowchart: In flowcharts, this symbol is typically

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

BS (cs) - Lab Manual

[Just to confuse things further, some people will use a

In computer data processing, a record is a collection of data items arranged

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

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