On Water Conservation by Vishwajit Mitra

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î Any beneficial deduction in water loss, use or

waste.
î A reduction in water use accomplished by
implementation of water conservation or water
efficiency measures.
î Water conservation is the most effective and
environmentally sound method to fight global
warming.
î Water conservation is what that can reduce the
scarcity of water. It aims to improve the efficiency
of use of water, and reduce losses and waste.
R

î 0 Go ensure availability for future generations, the
withdrawal of fresh water from an ecosystem should not exceed
its natural replacement rate.
î u

. Water pumping, delivery, and wastewater
treatment facilities consume a significant amount of energy. In
some regions of the world over 15% of total electricity
consumption is devoted to water management
î Ñ
. Minimizing human water use helps to
preserve fresh water habitats for local wildlife and migrating
waterfowl, as well as reducing the need to build new dams and
other water diversion infrastructure.
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[ reduce personal and business water costs
[ Minimize the need for local governments to fund
expensive reservoirs, water treatment and
wastewater plants, and pipeline projects
[ Help maintain sufficient water in streams, rivers,
lakes and estuaries for fishing, boating,
swimming, protection of aquatic life and
downstream users
[ More efficient irrigation means less polluted runoff
into receiving waters
ÿ
·

î 0ave water to save money bills.
î reduction in interior water use cuts waste water

flows, especially overflowing of gutters which
contaminates the environment.
î Environment benefits include eco system and

habitat protection.
î Water conservation helps in improving the quality of

drinking water.
£

î residential and Business Indoor
î residential and Business Outdoor
î Industrial and Commercial
î Agricultural
Î
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î rainwater Harvesting
[ rainwater harvesting is the gathering and collection of water from
the rooftop
[ utilization of rain water for the domestic as well as agricultural
purposes
[ three technical methods of rain water harvesting such as
Catchments, Conveyance and storage
î Historical water bodies
î Ponds

G
åactors that should be considered in a water

recycling program include:
Water recycling is the reuse of water for the G

same application for which it was originally

used.
- Identification of water reuse opportunities

- Evaluation of the minimum water quality
needed for a particular use
- Evaluation of water quality degradation
resulting from the use
- Determination of the treatment steps.
*
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Water reuse is the use of wastewater or

reclaimed water (sometimes called ³graywater´)
from one application for another application.
0ome potential applications include other

industrial uses in cooling water at power plants
and oil refineries or industrial process water for
such facilities as paper mills and carpet dyers,
toilet flushing, dust control, construction
activities, concrete mixing, and artificial lakes.
reused water can also be used in landscape

irrigation, agricultural irrigation, aesthetic uses
such as fountains, and fire protection.

G
åactors that should be considered in

an industrial water reuse program
include:
Identification of water reuse
opportunities
Determination of the minimum
water quality needed for the given
use
Identification of wastewater
sources that satisfy the water
quality requirements
Determination of how the water
can be transported to the new use

G G
rain Water Harvesting is capturing and storing
rainfall to irrigate plants or to supply people and
animals.
A well-designed system will also decrease our
landscape maintenance needs. All we need for a
water harvesting system is rain, and a place to put it.
A "catchment" is any large surface that can capture
and/or carry water to where it can be used
immediately or stored.
We can store water in a variety of ways: 55-gallon
steel drums, barrels or underground storage tanks.

!

î Ghe purpose of 0ustainable Water Management
(0WM), which is simply to manage our water
resources while taking into account the needs of
present and future users.
î 0WM attempts to deal with water in a holistic

fashion, taking into account the various sectors
affecting water use, including political, economic,
social, technological and environmental
considerations.
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! "
!
î A basic water requirement will be guaranteed to all humans to

maintain human health.
î A basic water requirement will be guaranteed to restore and
maintain the health of ecosystems.
î Water quality will be maintained to meet certain minimum
standards. Ghese standards will vary depending on location and
how the water is to be used.
î Human actions should not be allowed to impair the long-term
renewability of freshwater stocks and flows.
î Data on water resources availability, use and quality will be
collected and made accessible to all parties.
î Institutional mechanisms will be developed to prevent and
resolve conflicts over water.
ÿ

!
[ Welfare for the people and equitable distribution of

resources
[ Economic growth and development
[ Efficient use of water resources
[ 0ustainability and environmental aspects
[ Policy and institutional aspects
£
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î In the last five years, a growing number of progressive private-sector
companies have been increasingly making their presence felt in the
area of water conservation. As they develop new technologies for
water-related processes, they have also started to influence the
process of water regulation to ensure positive support for developing
sustainable technology in the field.
î One group of companies, led by Nestle, are showing that they have
a role to play in developing a sustainable model for water utilization
and in helping formulate policy for the same. A second group is
focusing on technology to get more output per drop of water.
î With the green revolution pushing up agricultural productivity, the
incremental increases in productivity of agriculture are vital,
considering that agriculture accounts for 80% of water requirements.
Î
G $&&$GG

î Ghe broadest range of opportunities for new products and services
falls into three areas: improving the productivity of water treatment
and distribution, of water-intensive industrial and power processes,
or of water usage in agriculture.
î Global industrial players, such as ABB, GE, and 0iemens, already

have large water businesses and continue to develop new products
in this area for large industrial users and water utilities. IBM provides
technologies to measure and track water efficiency efforts and to
improve water treatment and irrigation.
î In 2009, PepsiCo conserved more than 12 billion liters of water

through efficiency improvements.

G

On Water Conservation by Vishwajit Mitra

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c 

î Any beneficial deduction in water loss, use or

î 0ave water to save money bills.

î reduction in interior water use cuts waste water

î Environment benefits include eco system and

î Water conservation helps in improving the quality of

î residential and Business Indoor

î residential and Business Outdoor

î Industrial and Commercial

î Historical water bodies

 åactors that should be considered in a water

same application for which it was originally

- Identification of water reuse opportunities

 Water reuse is the use of wastewater or

 0ome potential applications include other

 reused water can also be used in landscape

åactors that should be considered in

î 0WM attempts to deal with water in a holistic

î A basic water requirement will be guaranteed to all humans to

[ Welfare for the people and equitable distribution of

[ Economic growth and development

[ Efficient use of water resources

[ 0ustainability and environmental aspects

[ Policy and institutional aspects

î Global industrial players, such as ABB, GE, and 0iemens, already

î In 2009, PepsiCo conserved more than 12 billion liters of water

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c

åactors that should be considered in a water

Water reuse is the use of wastewater or

0ome potential applications include other

reused water can also be used in landscape