Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 158 views

    Metric Fasteners

    Uploaded by

    wentroprem
    The document provides information about metric fasteners, including: - Metric standards have been developed by organizations like DIN, ISO, and ANSI to unify metric fastener specifications globally. - Metric fasteners are identified with an 'M' followed by the diameter in mm and thread pitch. Property classes indicate strength similar to SAE grades. - Care must be taken to not confuse metric and inch fasteners as their diameters and thread pitches are similar but not identical, which could cause failure if mismatched.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Metric Fasteners

    Uploaded by

    wentroprem
    158 views5 pages
    The document provides information about metric fasteners, including: - Metric standards have been developed by organizations like DIN, ISO, and ANSI to unify metric fastener specifications globally. - Metric fasteners are identified with an 'M' followed by the diameter in mm and thread pitch. Property classes indicate strength similar to SAE grades. - Care must be taken to not confuse metric and inch fasteners as their diameters and thread pitches are similar but not identical, which could cause failure if mismatched.

    Original Description:

    Fasteners details

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides information about metric fasteners, including: - Metric standards have been developed by organizations like DIN, ISO, and ANSI to unify metric fastener specifications globally. - Metric fasteners are identified with an 'M' followed by the diameter in mm and thread pitch. Property classes indicate strength similar to SAE grades. - Care must be taken to not confuse metric and inch fasteners as their diameters and thread pitches are similar but not identical, which could cause failure if mismatched.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    158 views5 pages

    Metric Fasteners

    Uploaded by

    wentroprem
    The document provides information about metric fasteners, including: - Metric standards have been developed by organizations like DIN, ISO, and ANSI to unify metric fastener specifications globally. - Metric fasteners are identified with an 'M' followed by the diameter in mm and thread pitch. Property classes indicate strength similar to SAE grades. - Care must be taken to not confuse metric and inch fasteners as their diameters and thread pitches are similar but not identical, which could cause failure if mismatched.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that the metric system is based around units of 10 and the decimal point shifts to indicate magnitude, and metric fasteners use the property class system to indicate strength instead of SAE grades.

    The three types of thread pitches available for metric fasteners are the standard thread (similar to UNC), fine thread (similar to UNF), and the Japanese thread which is in between but only used on M10 and M12 fasteners.

    An 8.8 fastener has a tensile strength of 830 MPa while a 10.9 fastener has a tensile strength of 1040 MPa, so the 10.9 is stronger. Many have mistaken an 8.8 for being equivalent to an SAE Grade 8 which could be catastrophic in critical applications.

    METRIC FASTENERS

    By Guy Avellon
    Like it or not, Metrics is here to stay and we will soon be converting everything over to metrics.
    Thomas Jefferson was initiating the reform in his day and we have been saying the metrics are
    coming since 1975. Except for the automotive industry, nothing else has changed.
    The U.S. is the last country in the world to not be exclusive users of the metric system in
    everything. We have been using the metric system for decades in pharmaceuticals, photography,
    chemical industry, optics and even spark plugs.
    As a unit of length measurement, everything is based on the meter, with a shift in the decimal
    point to the left or right depending upon whether the value goes up or down.
    So, if a meter is 1.00, a tenth of a meter is a decimeter at 0.1m, a centimeter (cm) is onehundredth of a meter at 0.01m and a milli-meter (mm), or one-thousandth of a meter is 0.001m.
    Therefore, 1,000mm = 100cm = 1m. The numbers stay the same, only the decimal point shifts.
    This is actually like counting change. Going larger, the next unit is 1,000 expressed as a kilometer
    (km), or 1,000m.
    An interesting fact that occurs with metric units; all units of weight, length and volume are
    related. A cube which measures 10cm on each side has an area of 1,000 cc (cubic centimeters). If
    the cube was filled with water, it would hold 1 liter (1 l, or 1,000ml for milliliter) and weigh 1,000
    g (grams) or 1 kg (kilogram).
    Metric Standards
    Until a few decades ago, there was no agreement to standards regarding metric fasteners from
    France, Italy, Germany, England or Japan. The DIN (Deutsche Industries Norman) devised the
    most complete standards of any country, but there was still a need for unification. The ISO
    (International Standards Organization) was formed.
    The DIN standards have been modified to follow ISO recommendations. The United States
    coordinates their efforts with ISO through ANSI, the American National Standards Institute.
    Although there are still some slight differences.
    Fastener Designation
    First, when ordering or identifying the dimensions of a metric fastener, all metric fasteners are
    preceded by the capitalized letter M. Then, similar to how inch series fasteners are identified,
    the diameter is listed with the thread pitch, length and property class. For example: M12 x 1.5 x
    50, 10.9 Hex Cap Screw. This tells us the diameter is 12mm, the thread pitch is 1.5mm and the
    length is 50mm. The property class is a 10.9.

    Thread Pitch
    Users must be aware that there are three types of thread pitches available: the Standard thread,
    which is similar to the UNC; the Fine thread, similar to the UNF; and the Japanese thread which
    is in between but is used only on the M10 and M12 fasteners. For example; an M10 fastener can
    have a thread pitch of 1.0mm, 1.25mm and 1.50mm.
    Identification is extremely important because many metric sizes are very close to the inch series
    that the nut or fastener may be started but additional tightening may result in thread stripping.
    For example, a -28 fastener has a diameter of 0.250 compared with an M6 which measures
    0.236. The difference is 0.014. The thread pitch on the M6 is 1.0 which is roughly equivalent to
    25.6 threads-per-inch Vs the 28 TPI for the inch fastener. Not much difference and easy to
    confuse.
    The following chart cites other examples which illustrate the potential danger of mixing an inch
    with a metric fastener. The resultant assembly will produce clamp loads from 25 to 60% less than
    expected, providing the threads havent stripped or have begun to strip, in which case the loads
    will be close to 100% lost.

    Inch Threads vs. Metric Threads


    Inch Bolts

    Metric Nuts

    10/32

    M5 x 0.8

    1/4-28

    M7 x 1.0

    5/16-18

    M8 x 1.0

    3/8-16

    M10 x 1.5

    7/16-14

    M12 x 1.75

    1/2-13

    M14 x 2

    3/4-10

    M20 x 2.5

    3/4-16

    M20 x 1.5

    Metric Bolts

    Inch Nuts

    M12 x 1.25

    1/2-20

    M18 x 2.5

    3/4-10

    M18 x 1.5

    3/4-16

    M24 x 3

    1-8

    M24 x 2

    1-12

    Property Classes
    Metric fastener strengths are named Property Class, not Grade. Even so, the Property Classes
    are roughly equivalent to the SAE Grade system. The following provides some examples.

    Metric Grades
    Property Class

    SAE Grade

    4.6

    Grade 1

    4.8

    Grade 1

    4.8

    Grade 2

    8.8

    Grade 5

    9.8

    9% Stronger

    10.9

    Grade 8

    11.9

    NONE

    12.9

    ASTM A574

    The easiest way to tell a metric fasteners Property Classis by looking at the fastener for a numeric
    designation. These decimal numbers will be marked on the hex head or on the top or side of a
    socket head fastener.
    The fasteners will have the decimal point designation, nuts will not. For example, a 10.9
    fasteners matching nut will have the marking of 10, not 10.9.
    The US automotive industry developed the 9.8 because there were some sizes of the 8.8 fastener
    that would not provide the same strength as an SAE Grade 5. It was a combination of fastener
    strength and head dimension geometry for stress distribution.
    One of the largest areas of confusion lies with the property class 8.8 designation. Many have
    confused this for the equivalent of the SAE Grade 8. The tensile strength difference between 120
    ksi and 150 ksi can be catastrophic in a critical application.
    Another part to look closely at for proper identification is the metric socket head cap screw.
    Unlike the US socket head products, which come in only one strength grade of 180ksi up to
    and 170 ksi over , metric socket head products come in three property classes; 8.8, 10.9 and
    12.9. So be very aware of this when repairing European machinery, so the proper strength of
    socket product is replaced with the same type as was designed by the factory.
    Thread Length
    The DIN 931 and DIN 960 are essentially the same as the ISO requirement for thread length; two
    diameters plus 6mm for fasteners up to 125mm in length.

    With the DIN 933 and DIN 961, however, the fastener is fully threaded to the head regardless of
    length.
    Wrench Sizes
    Many mechanics have complained about the fact that they have had to use two wrenches to
    tighten the head and nut of the same sized fastener. Fortunately, this only occurs in a couple of
    sizes. It is due to a basic disagreement between DIN and ISO. The width across the flats (WAF) of
    DIN fasteners is 1mm larger on the M10, M12 and M14, while it is 2mm smaller on the M22.
    Both types are available and sold in the US. So it depends what specification the manufacture
    uses and who distributes them. A company buying from several distributors may end up with
    different sized nuts and bolt heads in the same storage bin.

    Metric Wrench Sizes


    NUT

    DIN934

    ISO

    M10

    17mm

    16mm

    M12

    19mm

    18mm

    M14

    22mm

    21mm

    M22

    32mm

    34mm

    Metric Torque
    Metric torque is expressed as a Newton meter (N-m). The Newton is a commonly used term in
    physics for force, named after the scientist Sir Isaac Newton. A Newton equals 0.2248 pounds of
    force. Shifting the decimal point three places to the right, we have a kilo-Newton (KN) or 224.81
    pounds.
    Fastener Strength
    We have learned what the different property class designations are, but how do they relate?
    Instead of using pounds-per-square-inch (psi), metric terminology uses the term Pascal for its
    unit of strength. Since these units become numerically large, they use a prefix Mega to form
    Mega Pascal or MPa.
    Therefore, 1 MPa is equal to 145 psi.
    MPa x 145 = psi
    Psi x 0.0069 = MPa

    It is also interesting to note that the property class numbers actually relate to the strength of the
    fastener. For example; an 8.8 fastener has the strength of 830 MPa and the 10.9 is 1040 MPa.
    The metric designation number is actually its tensile strength.
    It should also be noted here that while there are still nuts on the market with an 8 on it for use
    with the 8.8 fastener, ASTM A563M is only recognizing the property class 9 nut for use with the
    8.8 and 9.8 fasteners. Naturally, it has a minimum proof load stress of 900 MPa.

    You might also like